沼液施用协同化肥减量在茭白生产和土壤改良上的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250027

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 126-135.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250027

沼液施用协同化肥减量在茭白生产和土壤改良上的效果

巴仕浩¹^,²(), 童文彬³^,^*(), 杨海峻³, 江建锋³, 李子川¹, 吴春艳², 唐旭², 柴彦君¹, 李艳²^,^*()

1.浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江杭州 310023
2.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.衢江区农业农村局,浙江衢州 324022

收稿日期:2025-01-06 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-02-11
作者简介:李艳,E-mail: liyann0410@163.com
*童文彬,E-mail: zjqztwb@163.com;
巴仕浩,研究方向为土壤改良和培肥。E-mail:bshqaq@163.com
通讯作者: 童文彬,李艳
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金(LY23D010002)

Effect of biogas slurry application with chemical fertilizer reduction on water bamboo production and soil improvement

BA Shihao¹^,²(), TONG Wenbin³^,^*(), YANG Haijun³, JIANG Jianfeng³, LI Zichuan¹, WU Chunyan², TANG Xu², CHAI Yanjun¹, LI Yan²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Recycling and Ecotreatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
2. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Qujiang District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Quzhou 324022, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-01-06 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11
Contact: TONG Wenbin,LI Yan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对化肥施用过量导致农田养分流失和土壤退化等问题,探究沼液施用协同化肥减量技术在茭白田中的应用效果。试验共设置6个处理[CK,不施用任何肥料的空白对照;NPK,常规施肥(对照);25%NP₁K₁Z₁、50%NP₂K₂Z₂、75%NP₃K₃Z₃、100%NP₄K₄Z₄,沼液原液分别替代25%、50%、75%、100%的等当量氮肥],考察不同处理对茭白产量、品质,及土壤基本理化性质、土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明: 与NPK相比,不同沼液替代处理下的茭白产量差异不显著。与NPK处理相比,75%NP₃K₃Z₃、100%NP₄K₄Z₄处理的茭白粗蛋白、维生素C含量显著(p<0.05)提升,硝酸盐含量显著降低,土壤有效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳和微生物量生物氮含量显著增加,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著增强。综合来看,75%NP₃K₃Z₃在本试验条件下综合表现最好,在茭白不减产的前提下,不仅有效提升了茭白品质,还有效改良土壤,实现了茭白化肥减施增效和沼液资源化利用的目的。

关键词: 茭白(Zizania latifolia), 沼液, 化肥减量, 土壤改良, 减量增效

Abstract:

To solve the problems of nutrient loss and soil degradation caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer in water bamboo (Zizania latifolia) fields, the effect of biogas slurry application with chemical fertilizer reduction on water bamboo production was explored. There were six treatments in this experiment, including blank control (CK, no fertilizer was applied), control (NPK, conventional fertilization), and test treatments (biogas slurry instead of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% equivalent nitrogen fertilizer, denoted as 25%NP₁K₁Z₁, 50%NP₂K₂Z₂, 75%NP₃K₃Z₃, 100%NP₄K₄Z₄, respectively). The effects of these treatments were monitored on water bamboo yield and quality, soil basic physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. It was shown that there was no significant difference in water bamboo yield among treatments excluding CK. Compared with NPK treatment, the content of crude protein and vitamin C of water bamboo was significantly (p<0.05) increased under the treatments of 75%NP₃K₃Z₃ and 100%NP₄K₄Z₄, while the nitrate content of water bamboo was significantly decreased. Besides, the content of soil available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen and the activities of soil sucrase, urease and catalase under these two treatments were also significantly higher than those under NPK treatment. In conclusion, 75%NP₃K₃Z₃ treatment was the most suitable treatment under the test condition, as it not only improved the quality of water bamboo without yield reduction, but also improved soil properties, which achieved the goal of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing utilization efficiency of biogas slurry.

Key words: water bamboo (Zizania latifolia), biogas slurry, reduced chemical fertilizer application rate, soil improvement, reducing fertilizer use and increasing use efficiency

中图分类号:

S158.1

巴仕浩, 童文彬, 杨海峻, 江建锋, 李子川, 吴春艳, 唐旭, 柴彦君, 李艳. 沼液施用协同化肥减量在茭白生产和土壤改良上的效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(1): 126-135.

BA Shihao, TONG Wenbin, YANG Haijun, JIANG Jianfeng, LI Zichuan, WU Chunyan, TANG Xu, CHAI Yanjun, LI Yan. Effect of biogas slurry application with chemical fertilizer reduction on water bamboo production and soil improvement[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 126-135.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	茭长/cm Length of water bamboo shoot/cm	茭宽/cm Width of water bamboo shoot/cm	叶长/cm Length of leaf/cm	叶宽/cm Width of leaf/cm	壳茭重/g Gross weight of water bamboo shoot/g	净茭重/g Net weight of water bamboo shoot/g
CK	16.15±2.01 c	4.25±1.11 a	1.63±0.21 a	2.76±0.15 c	128.63±20.11 b	96.02±9.89 b
NPK	18.90±1.05 b	4.44±0.56 a	1.74±0.35 a	3.65±0.99 b	140.24±23.12 a	105.48±15.23 ab
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	18.18±2.22 b	4.46±0.86 a	1.77±0.40 a	3.66±0.81 b	137.73±15.50 a	112.66±8.96 a
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	20.09±3.15 a	4.43±0.29 a	1.79±0.11 a	3.75±0.63 b	141.65±29.91 a	114.57±19.6 1a
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	20.16±3.76 a	4.43±0.25 a	1.81±0.19 a	3.69±0.89 b	145.25±10.69 a	115.12±20.11 a
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	20.50±2.56 a	4.54±1.02 a	1.87±0.26 a	4.02±0.88 a	148.63±12.22 a	115.29±11.50 a

处理 Treatment	茭长/cm Length of water bamboo shoot/cm	茭宽/cm Width of water bamboo shoot/cm	叶长/cm Length of leaf/cm	叶宽/cm Width of leaf/cm	壳茭重/g Gross weight of water bamboo shoot/g	净茭重/g Net weight of water bamboo shoot/g
CK	16.15±2.01 c	4.25±1.11 a	1.63±0.21 a	2.76±0.15 c	128.63±20.11 b	96.02±9.89 b
NPK	18.90±1.05 b	4.44±0.56 a	1.74±0.35 a	3.65±0.99 b	140.24±23.12 a	105.48±15.23 ab
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	18.18±2.22 b	4.46±0.86 a	1.77±0.40 a	3.66±0.81 b	137.73±15.50 a	112.66±8.96 a
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	20.09±3.15 a	4.43±0.29 a	1.79±0.11 a	3.75±0.63 b	141.65±29.91 a	114.57±19.6 1a
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	20.16±3.76 a	4.43±0.25 a	1.81±0.19 a	3.69±0.89 b	145.25±10.69 a	115.12±20.11 a
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	20.50±2.56 a	4.54±1.02 a	1.87±0.26 a	4.02±0.88 a	148.63±12.22 a	115.29±11.50 a

处理 Treatment	总糖含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total sugar content/(g·kg^-1)	粗蛋白含量/ (g·kg^-1) Crude protein content/(g·kg^-1)	膳食纤维含量/ (g·kg^-1) Dietary fiber content/(g·kg^-1)	维生素C含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Vitamin C content/(mg·kg^-1)	硝酸盐含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Nitrate content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	43.85±4.21 a	10.15±0.42 c	23.82±1.65 a	179.16±7.40 c	506.5±43.7 c
NPK	45.60±2.69 a	11.02±1.03 bc	22.43±2.42 a	209.78±13.42 b	627.3±60.3 a
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	46.75±0.80 a	11.67±0.91 bc	23.28±2.46 a	215.92±23.12 b	578.9±48.9 b
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	47.11±5.14 a	12.17±1.95 b	23.05±2.20 a	222.15±21.21 b	564.3±55.2 b
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	47.17±3.47 a	13.66±1.07 a	22.51±1.39 a	239.52±19.74 a	512.9±1.29 c
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	48.90±2.41 a	13.96±1.31 a	22.43±2.41 a	240.28±22.80 a	524.3±26.7 c

处理 Treatment	总糖含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total sugar content/(g·kg^-1)	粗蛋白含量/ (g·kg^-1) Crude protein content/(g·kg^-1)	膳食纤维含量/ (g·kg^-1) Dietary fiber content/(g·kg^-1)	维生素C含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Vitamin C content/(mg·kg^-1)	硝酸盐含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Nitrate content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	43.85±4.21 a	10.15±0.42 c	23.82±1.65 a	179.16±7.40 c	506.5±43.7 c
NPK	45.60±2.69 a	11.02±1.03 bc	22.43±2.42 a	209.78±13.42 b	627.3±60.3 a
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	46.75±0.80 a	11.67±0.91 bc	23.28±2.46 a	215.92±23.12 b	578.9±48.9 b
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	47.11±5.14 a	12.17±1.95 b	23.05±2.20 a	222.15±21.21 b	564.3±55.2 b
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	47.17±3.47 a	13.66±1.07 a	22.51±1.39 a	239.52±19.74 a	512.9±1.29 c
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	48.90±2.41 a	13.96±1.31 a	22.43±2.41 a	240.28±22.80 a	524.3±26.7 c

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	有机质含量/ (g·kg^-1) Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total nitrogen content/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total phosphorus content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量/ (g·kg^-1) Total potassium content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/ (mg·kg^-1) Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	5.17± 0.71 a	18.24± 1.01 a	1.02± 0.09 a	0.71± 0.08 a	13.6± 1.10 a	120.9± 11.3 c	31.29± 2.31 b	78.72± 7.42 b
NPK	5.20± 0.34 a	19.96± 1.45 a	1.18± 0.12 a	0.74± 0.06 a	14.5± 0.89 a	149.5± 13.2 a	32.08± 0.27 b	73.87± 6.29 b
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	5.36± 0.42 a	20.15± 2.14 a	1.17± 0.04 a	0.74± 0.03 a	14.8± 0.72 a	134.2± 10.5 b	33.16± 1.19 b	70.78± 4.41 b
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	5.38± 0.26 a	20.36± 1.25 a	1.20± 0.11 a	0.76± 0.06 a	15.0± 1.21 a	142.4± 8.61 a	33.10± 3.26 b	87.24± 7.03 a
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	5.37± 0.72 a	21.02± 0.58 a	1.25± 0.07 a	0.83± 0.05 a	15.8± 0.97 a	151.2± 12.7 a	43.34± 2.32 a	90.55± 8.95 a
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	5.30± 0.52 a	20.21± 1.42 a	1.24± 0.13 a	0.81± 0.07 a	15.2± 0.47 a	153.5± 14.2 a	42.12± 3.37 a	91.21± 7.95 a

沼液施用协同化肥减量在茭白生产和土壤改良上的效果

Effect of biogas slurry application with chemical fertilizer reduction on water bamboo production and soil improvement

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处理 Treatment	Cu含量 Cu content	Cr含量 Cr content	Cd含量 Cd content	Ni含量 Ni content	Pb含量 Pb content	Zn含量 Zn content
CK	27.43±3.29 a	16.71±1.84 a	0.24±0.02 a	26.02±1.41 a	30.02±0.31 a	68.24±6.99 a
NPK	30.12±2.43 a	19.01±1.21 a	0.18±0.05 a	25.14±2.75 a	32.56±1.53 a	68.80±9.21 a
25%NP₁K₁Z₁	26.47±2.26 a	17.23±1.62 a	0.23±0.04 a	27.32±2.24 a	32.39±1.42 a	73.24±8.25 a
50%NP₂K₂Z₂	30.08±2.61 a	20.12±1.86 a	0.17±0.02 a	24.98±2.23 a	32.16±0.89 a	73.16±6.43 a
75%NP₃K₃Z₃	27.56±1.43 a	18.48±1.31 a	0.25±0.05 a	26.56±1.76 a	33.79±1.85 a	73.42±5.68 a
100%NP₄K₄Z₄	30.74±3.01 a	19.56±2.01 a	0.19±0.08 a	28.43±1.56 a	32.58±1.49 a	73.95±0.88 a

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