Abstract:

In order to explore the relationship between genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of typical goose breeds at home and abroad, Sanger sequencing was used to determine the partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (mtDNA Cytb) gene in 5 large, medium and small goose breeds, and MEGA, DNASP and other software were used for analysis. Twenty-three polymorphic sites were found in the corrected mitochondrial Cytb gene 606 bp sequence, accounting for about 3.79% of the total number of sites, among which 21 were parsimonious information sites, accounting for about 91.30% of the polymorphic sites. There were 31 haplotypes in five varieties, including 2 shared haplotypes. According to the genetic distance between different breeds, five breeds of geese can be roughly divided into two groups, Hortobagy goose was the first group, and other four breeds of geese were the other group. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of Shitou goose, Zhedong white goose, Yangzhou goose and Taihu goose were high, their Fu's Fs and Tajima's D values were positive and accorded with neutral test, and the base mismatch distribution curve showed multi-peak distribution, indicating that the population tended to be stable. No polymorphic sites were found in the Hortobagy population, and the genetic distance between Hortobagy goose and the above four breeds was far. Hortobagy goose could be used as the male or female parent to cross with the above four large, medium and small goose breeds, and the hybrid advantage could be used to breed special lines or produce commercial substitute hybrid geese.

Key words: goose, mtDNA, polymorphism, phylogeny