Genetic analysis of yield and phenotypic traits in new foxtail millet hybrid lines

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250438

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 428-439.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250438

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Genetic analysis of yield and phenotypic traits in new foxtail millet hybrid lines

MA Huifang(), WANG Juanfei, XUE Hongli, REN Guoxiang, SHI Guanyan()

Industrial Crop Institute, Shanxi Houji Laboratory, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China

Received:2025-06-15 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-04-17
Contact: SHI Guanyan

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the correlation between phenotypic traits and yield in foxtail millet hybrid lines, a genetic analysis was conducted on yield and major phenotypic traits of 23 new foxtail millet hybrid lines derived from parental lines of different genotypes. Based on yield traits, the tested lines were divided into two major groups, which exhibited significant differences in weight per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1 000 grain weight, and yield. Coefficient of variation analysis indicated a range from 5.79%to 25.38%, with tiller number showing the largest variation and plant height the smallest. The average plant height was 141.75 cm, indicating that all hybrid lines fell within the ideal plant height range. Correlation analysis revealed that weight per panicle strongly influenced grain weight per panicle, and 1 000 grain weight greatly affected yield. Plant height had a relatively strong influence on tiller number, weight per panicle, and grain weight per panicle. Principal component analysis extracted four main components with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.09%, all with eigenvalues greater than 1, indicating that these components represented most of the information from the quantitative traits in foxtail millet hybrid lines and could serve as comprehensive indicators for trait evaluation. The first principal component primarily controlled yield-related traits, with tiller numbers and grain output rate scoring relatively high and showing a significant positive correlation with yield. For different genotypes of millet, targeted selection can be made when matching two-line hybrid combinations based on breeding objectives.

Key words: foxtail millet, hybrid, genetic analysis, phenotype, yield, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S515

MA Huifang, WANG Juanfei, XUE Hongli, REN Guoxiang, SHI Guanyan. Genetic analysis of yield and phenotypic traits in new foxtail millet hybrid lines[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 428-439.

Figures/Tables 9

References 31

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编号No.	品种Variety	杂交组合名称Name of hybrid combination
A01	汾杂17-10 Fenza17-10	汾57A×安20 Fen57A×An20
A02	汾杂17-12 Fenza17-12	汾57A×K47-10 Fen57A×K47-10
A03	汾杂16-7 Fenza16-7	汾20A×K15-9 Fen20A×K15-9
A04	汾杂17-2 Fenza17-2	汾57A×K164 Fen57A×K164
A05	汾杂17-15 Fenza17-15	汾57A×K159 Fen57A×K159
A06	汾杂20-5 Fenza20-5	汾33A×K164 Fen33A×K164
A07	汾杂13-8 Fenza13-8	汾542A×K18-21 Fen542A×K18-21
A08	汾杂17-5 Fenza17-5	汾57A×K46-4 Fen27A×K46-4
A09	汾杂16-14 Fenza16-14	汾80A×K159 Fen80A×K159
A10	汾杂20-11 Fenza20-11	汾33A×K159 Fen33A×K159
A11	汾杂14-3 Fenza14-3	汾92A×K47-10 Fen92A×K47-10
A12	汾杂13-7 Fenza13-7	汾542A×K18-21 Fen542A×K18-21
A13	汾杂13-6 Fenza13-6	汾542A×K164 Fen542A×K164
A14	汾杂15-1 Fenza15-1	汾57A×安9054 Fen57A×An9054
A15	汾杂15-3 Fenza15-3	汾6A×K56-6 Fen6A×K56-6
A16	汾杂13-5 Fenza13-5	汾542A×K15-16 Fen542A×K15-16
A17	汾杂15-7 Fenza15-7	汾EMS-1×K33-15 FenEMS-1×K33-15
A18	汾杂18-9 Fenza18-9	汾4A×K164 Fen4A×K164
A19	汾杂14-2 Fenza14-2	汾92A×K159 Fen92A×K159
A20	汾杂17-4 Fenza17-4	汾57A×K159 Fen57A×K159
A21	汾杂17-7 Fenza17-7	汾57A×赤K1 Fen57A×ChiK1
A22	汾杂17-6 Fenza17-6	汾57A×K46-6 Fen57A×K46-6
A23	汾杂20-2 Fenza20-2	汾33A×K47-10 Fen33A×K47-10

编号No.	品种Variety	杂交组合名称Name of hybrid combination
A01	汾杂17-10 Fenza17-10	汾57A×安20 Fen57A×An20
A02	汾杂17-12 Fenza17-12	汾57A×K47-10 Fen57A×K47-10
A03	汾杂16-7 Fenza16-7	汾20A×K15-9 Fen20A×K15-9
A04	汾杂17-2 Fenza17-2	汾57A×K164 Fen57A×K164
A05	汾杂17-15 Fenza17-15	汾57A×K159 Fen57A×K159
A06	汾杂20-5 Fenza20-5	汾33A×K164 Fen33A×K164
A07	汾杂13-8 Fenza13-8	汾542A×K18-21 Fen542A×K18-21
A08	汾杂17-5 Fenza17-5	汾57A×K46-4 Fen27A×K46-4
A09	汾杂16-14 Fenza16-14	汾80A×K159 Fen80A×K159
A10	汾杂20-11 Fenza20-11	汾33A×K159 Fen33A×K159
A11	汾杂14-3 Fenza14-3	汾92A×K47-10 Fen92A×K47-10
A12	汾杂13-7 Fenza13-7	汾542A×K18-21 Fen542A×K18-21
A13	汾杂13-6 Fenza13-6	汾542A×K164 Fen542A×K164
A14	汾杂15-1 Fenza15-1	汾57A×安9054 Fen57A×An9054
A15	汾杂15-3 Fenza15-3	汾6A×K56-6 Fen6A×K56-6
A16	汾杂13-5 Fenza13-5	汾542A×K15-16 Fen542A×K15-16
A17	汾杂15-7 Fenza15-7	汾EMS-1×K33-15 FenEMS-1×K33-15
A18	汾杂18-9 Fenza18-9	汾4A×K164 Fen4A×K164
A19	汾杂14-2 Fenza14-2	汾92A×K159 Fen92A×K159
A20	汾杂17-4 Fenza17-4	汾57A×K159 Fen57A×K159
A21	汾杂17-7 Fenza17-7	汾57A×赤K1 Fen57A×ChiK1
A22	汾杂17-6 Fenza17-6	汾57A×K46-6 Fen57A×K46-6
A23	汾杂20-2 Fenza20-2	汾33A×K47-10 Fen33A×K47-10

编号 No.	株高/ cm Plant height/ cm	穗长/ cm Panicle length/ cm	粒色 Grain color	颖壳色 Glume color	穗毛长度 Bristle length	穗型 Panicle shape	穗松紧度 Panicle degree of tightness	分蘖数 Tiller number	千粒重/g 1 000 grain weight/g	穗粗/cm Panicle diameter/ cm	单穗重/g Weight per panicle/g	单穗粒重/g Grain weight per panicle/g	出谷率/% Grain output rate/%	产量/ (kg·hm^-2) Yield/ (kg·hm^-2)
A01	140.10	36.70	黄 Yellow	白 White	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.40	2.77	3.40	27.42	21.07	76.82	4 738.80
A02	152.00	36.80	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.00	2.86	3.80	39.37	30.36	77.12	5 403.00
A03	136.80	34.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.50	2.52	3.30	30.57	22.60	73.93	3 562.65
A04	138.10	36.04	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.50	2.63	3.30	33.80	25.07	74.17	3 899.25
A05	150.10	36.54	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.60	2.71	3.10	31.90	23.70	74.29	3 691.35
A06	132.10	36.10	白 White	白 White	短 Short	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.10	2.65	3.80	35.85	23.09	64.40	4 019.40
A07	136.30	31.56	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.20	2.51	3.30	32.14	24.21	75.34	3 474.75
A08	140.30	40.90	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.50	2.78	2.90	36.13	28.29	78.31	4 847.10
A09	157.60	32.40	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	1.20	2.81	3.50	47.77	36.58	76.58	4 784.10
A10	148.60	37.20	白 White	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	1.40	2.62	3.70	42.48	31.61	74.42	3 660.00
A11	145.30	31.40	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.80	2.57	2.90	29.69	27.96	94.17	3 230.40
A12	132.60	34.40	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.60	2.72	3.35	29.38	24.39	83.01	4 310.55
A13	137.50	32.30	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.58	3.10	27.77	21.36	76.90	3 393.75
A14	135.80	37.00	黄 Yellow	白 White	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	1.70	3.03	3.10	27.51	21.46	77.99	5 794.20
A15	150.60	32.10	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.20	2.65	3.20	38.77	30.52	78.71	4 430.70
A16	144.90	34.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.10	2.54	3.70	35.27	23.57	66.81	3 989.55
A17	146.00	34.70	白 White	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.50	2.69	3.40	32.26	24.38	75.57	4 676.10
A18	135.40	33.80	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.80	3.60	39.77	32.14	80.80	5 017.20
A19	141.80	36.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.30	3.10	3.70	33.68	24.49	72.71	6 177.00
A20	147.10	34.80	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.20	2.98	3.30	32.79	25.33	77.25	5 683.80
A21	120.20	32.50	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	3.00	2.49	2.70	20.68	16.68	80.64	4 161.45
A22	141.60	31.30	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.60	2.81	2.90	31.07	18.95	61.00	6 053.40
A23	149.36	31.50	白 White	白 White	短 Short	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.68	3.00	29.13	23.19	79.61	4 395.75

编号 No.	株高/ cm Plant height/ cm	穗长/ cm Panicle length/ cm	粒色 Grain color	颖壳色 Glume color	穗毛长度 Bristle length	穗型 Panicle shape	穗松紧度 Panicle degree of tightness	分蘖数 Tiller number	千粒重/g 1 000 grain weight/g	穗粗/cm Panicle diameter/ cm	单穗重/g Weight per panicle/g	单穗粒重/g Grain weight per panicle/g	出谷率/% Grain output rate/%	产量/ (kg·hm^-2) Yield/ (kg·hm^-2)
A01	140.10	36.70	黄 Yellow	白 White	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.40	2.77	3.40	27.42	21.07	76.82	4 738.80
A02	152.00	36.80	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.00	2.86	3.80	39.37	30.36	77.12	5 403.00
A03	136.80	34.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.50	2.52	3.30	30.57	22.60	73.93	3 562.65
A04	138.10	36.04	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.50	2.63	3.30	33.80	25.07	74.17	3 899.25
A05	150.10	36.54	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.60	2.71	3.10	31.90	23.70	74.29	3 691.35
A06	132.10	36.10	白 White	白 White	短 Short	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.10	2.65	3.80	35.85	23.09	64.40	4 019.40
A07	136.30	31.56	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.20	2.51	3.30	32.14	24.21	75.34	3 474.75
A08	140.30	40.90	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	2.50	2.78	2.90	36.13	28.29	78.31	4 847.10
A09	157.60	32.40	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	1.20	2.81	3.50	47.77	36.58	76.58	4 784.10
A10	148.60	37.20	白 White	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	1.40	2.62	3.70	42.48	31.61	74.42	3 660.00
A11	145.30	31.40	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.80	2.57	2.90	29.69	27.96	94.17	3 230.40
A12	132.60	34.40	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.60	2.72	3.35	29.38	24.39	83.01	4 310.55
A13	137.50	32.30	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.58	3.10	27.77	21.36	76.90	3 393.75
A14	135.80	37.00	黄 Yellow	白 White	长 Long	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	1.70	3.03	3.10	27.51	21.46	77.99	5 794.20
A15	150.60	32.10	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.20	2.65	3.20	38.77	30.52	78.71	4 430.70
A16	144.90	34.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	棒形 Stick-shaped	松 Loose	2.10	2.54	3.70	35.27	23.57	66.81	3 989.55
A17	146.00	34.70	白 White	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.50	2.69	3.40	32.26	24.38	75.57	4 676.10
A18	135.40	33.80	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.80	3.60	39.77	32.14	80.80	5 017.20
A19	141.80	36.70	黄 Yellow	黄 Yellow	长 Long	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.30	3.10	3.70	33.68	24.49	72.71	6 177.00
A20	147.10	34.80	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.20	2.98	3.30	32.79	25.33	77.25	5 683.80
A21	120.20	32.50	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	纺锤形 Fusiform	松 Loose	3.00	2.49	2.70	20.68	16.68	80.64	4 161.45
A22	141.60	31.30	黄 Yellow	白 White	中 Medium	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	1.60	2.81	2.90	31.07	18.95	61.00	6 053.40
A23	149.36	31.50	白 White	白 White	短 Short	圆筒形 Cylindrical	松 Loose	2.30	2.68	3.00	29.13	23.19	79.61	4 395.75

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation/%
株高/cm Plant height/cm	141.75	8.22	120.20	157.60	5.79
穗长/cm Panicle length/cm	34.61	2.48	31.30	40.90	7.17
分蘖数Tiller number	1.97	0.50	1.20	3.00	25.38
千粒重/g 1 000 grain weight/g	2.72	0.16	2.49	3.10	5.88
穗粗/cm Panicle diameter/cm	3.31	0.32	2.70	3.80	9.67
单穗重/g Weight per panicle/g	33.27	5.81	20.68	47.77	17.46
单穗粒重/g Grain weight per panicle/g	25.26	4.63	16.68	36.58	18.33
出谷率/% Grain output rate/%	76.11	6.49	61.00	94.17	8.53
产量/(kg·hm^-2)Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	4 451.55	54.39	3 230.40	6 177.00	18.33

Genetic analysis of yield and phenotypic traits in new foxtail millet hybrid lines

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性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
株高Plant height	-0.40	-0.24	-0.18	0.26
穗长Panicle length	-0.17	0.38	0.16	-0.53
分蘖数Tiller number	0.36	0.15	-0.02	-0.53
千粒重1 000 grain weight	-0.29	0.52	-0.31	0.13
穗粗Panicle diameter	-0.35	0.03	0.44	-0.28
单穗重Weight per panicle	-0.47	-0.23	0.12	-0.17
单穗粒重	-0.42	-0.31	-0.22	-0.32
Grain weight per panicle
出谷率Grain output rate	0.10	-0.21	-0.73	-0.36
产量Yield	-0.25	0.56	-0.27	0.13
特征值Eigenvalue	3.63	2.03	1.34	1.10
贡献率/%	38.62	21.59	14.21	11.67
Contribution rate/%
累计贡献率/%	38.62	60.21	74.42	86.09
Cumulative contribution rate/%

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