Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.22

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2789-2799.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.22

• Agricultural Economy and Development • Previous Articles Next Articles

Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction

LIU Enling¹^,²^,³(), LUO Xiaofeng¹^,²^,³^,^*(), DU Sanxia¹^,²^,³, YAN Aqian¹^,²^,³, WANG Xiangli¹^,²^,³

1. College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Institute of Hubei Ecological Civilization Construction, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2022-02-26 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: LUO Xiaofeng

Abstract

Abstract:

The reduction of chemical pesticides is an important way to promote the green development of agriculture and to guarantee the quality and safety of agricultural products. In this study, the effects of aging and planting purpose on farmers' chemical pesticide reduction behaviors were examined, and the moderating effect of planting purpose was tested, by using field survey data from 613 rice farmers in Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province, China. It was shown that aging significantly hindered farmers' chemical pesticide reduction, and farmers pursing food self-sufficiency were more inclined to reduce chemical pesticide application. Further analysis revealed that planting purpose effectively alleviated the negative impact of aging on farmers' chemical pesticide reduction behavior. Therefore, it was recommended to educate and train elderly farmers to reduce the negative impact of aging, and pay attention to guiding and nurturing young farmers to engage in agriculture. Meanwhile, it was necessary to improve the supervision system of agricultural product market and strengthen farmers' food safety concept.

Key words: aging, planting purpose, pesticide reduction, green production

CLC Number:

S-9
F323.3

LIU Enling, LUO Xiaofeng, DU Sanxia, YAN Aqian, WANG Xiangli. Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2789-2799.

Figures/Tables 4

References 39

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特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%	特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%
受访者性别	男Male	456	74.39	家庭农业年收入	<1.00	200	32.63
Respondent's gender	女Female	157	25.61	Family's annual	1.00~1.99	143	23.33
受访者年龄	<40	22	3.59	agricultural income/	2.00~2.99	105	17.13
Respondent's age	40~49	88	14.36	(10⁴yuan)	3.00~3.99	59	9.62
	50~59	241	39.31		≥4.00	106	17.29
	60~69	202	32.95	水稻种植规模	<0.33	169	27.57
	≥70	60	9.79	Rice planting scale/hm²	0.33~0.66	142	23.16
受访者文化程度	文盲Illiteracy	59	9.62		0.67~1.00	115	18.76
Respondent's	小学Primary school	255	41.60		>1.00	187	30.51
educational level	初中Junior middle school	214	34.91	每块耕地的面积	<0.13	412	67.21
	高中及以上 High school and above	85	13.87	Area of each arable land/hm²	0.13~0.26	150	24.47
家庭农业劳动力	≤2	556	90.70		0.27~0.40	22	3.59
人数Number of	3~4	54	8.81		0.41~0.54	13	2.12
labor engaged in	>4	3	0.49		>0.54	16	2.61
agriculture

特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%	特征 Feature	分类 Classification	频数 Frequency	比例 Proportion/%
受访者性别	男Male	456	74.39	家庭农业年收入	<1.00	200	32.63
Respondent's gender	女Female	157	25.61	Family's annual	1.00~1.99	143	23.33
受访者年龄	<40	22	3.59	agricultural income/	2.00~2.99	105	17.13
Respondent's age	40~49	88	14.36	(10⁴yuan)	3.00~3.99	59	9.62
	50~59	241	39.31		≥4.00	106	17.29
	60~69	202	32.95	水稻种植规模	<0.33	169	27.57
	≥70	60	9.79	Rice planting scale/hm²	0.33~0.66	142	23.16
受访者文化程度	文盲Illiteracy	59	9.62		0.67~1.00	115	18.76
Respondent's	小学Primary school	255	41.60		>1.00	187	30.51
educational level	初中Junior middle school	214	34.91	每块耕地的面积	<0.13	412	67.21
	高中及以上 High school and above	85	13.87	Area of each arable land/hm²	0.13~0.26	150	24.47
家庭农业劳动力	≤2	556	90.70		0.27~0.40	22	3.59
人数Number of	3~4	54	8.81		0.41~0.54	13	2.12
labor engaged in	>4	3	0.49		>0.54	16	2.61
agriculture

变量类别 Variable category	变量名 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	含义及赋值 Meaning and assignment	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
因变量 Dependent variable	化学农药减量 Chemical pesticide reduction	y	2018年在单位面积耕地上投入的化学农药成本 Cost of chemical pesticides invested per unit area of arable land in 2018/(10⁴yuan·hm^-2)	0.12	0.09
核心自变量 Core independent variable	老龄化 Aging	x	被访者实际年龄是否大于等于60岁:是=1;否=0 Whether the actual age of the respondent is greater than or equal to 60 years old: yes=1; no=0	0.43	0.50
调节变量 Regulatory variable	种植目的 Planting purpose	m	农户种植水稻的主要目的:自给=1;销售=0 The main purpose of rice plantation: self-sufficiency=1; sales=0	0.22	0.42
个体特征变量 Individual	性别 Gender	c₁	被访者的性别:男=1;女=0 Respondent's gender: male=1; female=0	0.74	0.44
characteristic variables	健康水平 Health level	c₂	被访者对自己身体状况的评价:非常不健康=1; 比较不健康=2;一般=3;比较健康=4;非常健康=5 Respondent's evaluation of personal physical condition: very unhealthy=1; relatively unhealthy=2; average=3; relatively healthy=4; very healthy=5	3.82	0.93
	文化程度 Educational level	c₃	被访者实际接受教育的年限 The actual years of respondent receiving education	6.95	3.41
	认知态度 Cognitive attitude	c₄	被访者就化学农药大量施用对人类健康影响的程度评价: 非常小=1;比较小=2;一般=3;比较大=4;非常大=5 Evaluation level of the respondent on the impact of mass application of chemical pesticide on human health: very small=1; relatively small=2; general=3; relatively large=4; very large=5	2.09	1.06
家庭特征变量 Family	耕地规模 Land scale	c₅	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area/hm²	0.91	0.82
characteristics variables	土壤质量 Soil quality	c₆	种植水稻的土壤肥力:非常差=1;较差=2;一般=3; 比较好=4;非常好=5 Soil fertility of paddy field: very poor=1; poor=2; fair=3; relatively good=4; very good=5	3.30	0.89
	家庭农业年收入 Family's annual agricultural income	c₇	2018年家庭农业总收入 Total family farming income in 2018/(10⁴yuan)	2.03	1.93
外部条件变量 External condition variables	生产培训 Production training	c₈	2018年被访者是否参与过农业生产技术培训: 是=1;否=0 Whether the respondent has participated in agricultural production technology training in 2018: yes=1; no=0	0.39	0.49
	销售单价 Unit price	c₉	稻谷销售的市场单价 Unit price of rice sales in market/(yuan·kg^-1)	2.27	0.27
其他控制变量 Other control variable	地区 Area	c₁₀	所在地区是否为湖北省:是=1;否=0 Whether the region is Hubei Province: yes=1; no=0	0.71	0.45

变量类别 Variable category	变量名 Variable name	变量符号 Variable symbol	含义及赋值 Meaning and assignment	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
因变量 Dependent variable	化学农药减量 Chemical pesticide reduction	y	2018年在单位面积耕地上投入的化学农药成本 Cost of chemical pesticides invested per unit area of arable land in 2018/(10⁴yuan·hm^-2)	0.12	0.09
核心自变量 Core independent variable	老龄化 Aging	x	被访者实际年龄是否大于等于60岁:是=1;否=0 Whether the actual age of the respondent is greater than or equal to 60 years old: yes=1; no=0	0.43	0.50
调节变量 Regulatory variable	种植目的 Planting purpose	m	农户种植水稻的主要目的:自给=1;销售=0 The main purpose of rice plantation: self-sufficiency=1; sales=0	0.22	0.42
个体特征变量 Individual	性别 Gender	c₁	被访者的性别:男=1;女=0 Respondent's gender: male=1; female=0	0.74	0.44
characteristic variables	健康水平 Health level	c₂	被访者对自己身体状况的评价:非常不健康=1; 比较不健康=2;一般=3;比较健康=4;非常健康=5 Respondent's evaluation of personal physical condition: very unhealthy=1; relatively unhealthy=2; average=3; relatively healthy=4; very healthy=5	3.82	0.93
	文化程度 Educational level	c₃	被访者实际接受教育的年限 The actual years of respondent receiving education	6.95	3.41
	认知态度 Cognitive attitude	c₄	被访者就化学农药大量施用对人类健康影响的程度评价: 非常小=1;比较小=2;一般=3;比较大=4;非常大=5 Evaluation level of the respondent on the impact of mass application of chemical pesticide on human health: very small=1; relatively small=2; general=3; relatively large=4; very large=5	2.09	1.06
家庭特征变量 Family	耕地规模 Land scale	c₅	水稻种植面积 Rice planting area/hm²	0.91	0.82
characteristics variables	土壤质量 Soil quality	c₆	种植水稻的土壤肥力:非常差=1;较差=2;一般=3; 比较好=4;非常好=5 Soil fertility of paddy field: very poor=1; poor=2; fair=3; relatively good=4; very good=5	3.30	0.89
	家庭农业年收入 Family's annual agricultural income	c₇	2018年家庭农业总收入 Total family farming income in 2018/(10⁴yuan)	2.03	1.93
外部条件变量 External condition variables	生产培训 Production training	c₈	2018年被访者是否参与过农业生产技术培训: 是=1;否=0 Whether the respondent has participated in agricultural production technology training in 2018: yes=1; no=0	0.39	0.49
	销售单价 Unit price	c₉	稻谷销售的市场单价 Unit price of rice sales in market/(yuan·kg^-1)	2.27	0.27
其他控制变量 Other control variable	地区 Area	c₁₀	所在地区是否为湖北省:是=1;否=0 Whether the region is Hubei Province: yes=1; no=0	0.71	0.45

变量 Variables	基准回归Benchmark regression			调节效应检验Moderating effect test
变量 Variables	回归1 Regression 1	回归2 Regression 2	回归3 Regression 3	回归4 Regression 4
x	0.020^***(0.007)	0.023^***(0.007)	0.014^*(0.008)	0.022^**(0.008)
m	—	-0.056^***(0.010)	-0.058^***(0.009)	-0.042^***(0.014)
xm	—	—	—	-0.035^*(0.018)
c₁	—	—	0.018^**(0.009)	0.018^*(0.009)
c₂	—	—	-0.002(0.004)	-0.003(0.004)
c₃	—	—	-0.003^**(0.001)	-0.003^**(0.001)
c₄	—	—	-0.007^**(0.003)	-0.007^**(0.003)
c₅	—	—	-0.010(0.006)	-0.010(0.006)
c₆	—	—	-0.001(0.004)	-0.001(0.004)
c₇	—	—	0.001(0.003)	0.001(0.003)
c₈	—	—	0.010(0.008)	0.010(0.008)
c₉	—	—	-0.002(0.014)	-0.002(0.014)
c₁₀	—	—	-0.006(0.008)	-0.006(0.008)
R²	0.011	0.073	0.098	0.104

Aging, planting purpose and rice farmers' chemical pesticide reduction

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变量 Variables	回归5 Regression 5	回归6 Regression 6
x	0.015^*(0.008)	—
年龄Age	—	0.001^**(0.001)
m	-0.048^***(0.009)	-0.058^***(0.010)
R²	0.081	0.101

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