Phylogenetic analysis of maize landraces in Zhejiang Province of China based on SSR markers

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250087

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 24-34.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250087

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Phylogenetic analysis of maize landraces in Zhejiang Province of China based on SSR markers

HE Suyue¹(), LI Yan², DING Yunqian¹, LI Xinze¹, HAN Qinghui¹, CHEN Xiaoyang²^,^*()

1. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Seed Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received:2025-02-05 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the genetic basis and phylogenetic relationships of maize landraces in Zhejiang Province, this study utilized 40 pairs of simple sequence repeat(SSR) primers to conduct genetic diversity analysis on 259 maize landraces from Zhejiang. The results showed that a total of 399 allele variations were detected by the 40 pairs of SSR markers, with the number of alleles detected per primer ranging from 4 to 22, with an average of 9.975. The effective allele number ranged from 0.818 5 to 1.000 0, with an average of 0.982 2. The gene diversity index ranged from 0.303 6 to 0.903 3, with an average of 0.717 1. The marker polymorphism information content ranged from 0.289 0 to 0.895 4, with an average of 0.686 8. The Shannon index ranged from 0.655 to 2.527, with an average of 1.615. UPGMA clustering analysis classified the 259 maize landraces into three groups. Group I consisted of 72 germplasm, accounting for 27.8%; Group Ⅱ consisted of 72 germplasm, also accounting for 27.8%; Group Ⅲ consisted of 115 germplasm, accounting for 44.4%. Principal component analysis revealed that individuals within each group were closely related, while there was a large distance between groups with no overlap, further confirming the reliability of the clustering analysis. The findings indicated that during the breeding process, maize landraces in Zhejiang Province have formed relatively independent and dominant groups, with rich genetic diversity, which laid a foundation for the exploration of superior genes, creation of excellent germplasm, and the development of new varieties.

Key words: maize, simple sequence repeat(SSR) marker, cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis, genetic relationship, landrace

CLC Number:

S513

HE Suyue, LI Yan, DING Yunqian, LI Xinze, HAN Qinghui, CHEN Xiaoyang. Phylogenetic analysis of maize landraces in Zhejiang Province of China based on SSR markers[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 24-34.

Figures/Tables 10

References 27

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编号 Code	标记名称 Marker name	等位基因数 Number of alleles	基因多样性指数 Gene diversity index	有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	多态信息含量 Polymorphism information content	Shannon指数 Shannon index
P01	bnlg439w1	16	0.857 9	0.996 1	0.843 8	2.216
P02	umc1335y5	10	0.418 8	1.000 0	0.392 9	0.886
P03	umc2007y4	11	0.810 7	0.992 3	0.787 5	1.916
P04	bnlg1940k7	12	0.771 6	1.000 0	0.745 1	1.748
P05	umc2105k3	22	0.887 8	0.976 8	0.878 4	2.473
P06	phi053k2	19	0.903 3	0.996 1	0.895 4	2.527
P07	phi072k4	7	0.738 3	0.996 1	0.697 6	1.533
P08	bnlg2291k4	12	0.864 2	1.000 0	0.849 7	2.146
P09	umc1705w1	13	0.778 9	0.996 1	0.748 6	1.782
P10	bnlg2305k4	10	0.835 7	1.000 0	0.817 8	2.006
P11	bnlg161k8	18	0.897 4	0.988 4	0.888 4	2.424
P12	bnlg1702k1	13	0.770 6	0.996 1	0.737 1	1.723
P13	umc1545y2	17	0.869 5	1.000 0	0.856 2	2.251
P14	umc1125y3	7	0.590 8	1.000 0	0.552 9	1.205
P15	bnlg240k1	8	0.780 5	1.000 0	0.750 3	1.691
P16	phi080k15	11	0.830 4	0.992 3	0.808 6	1.938
P17	phi065k9	6	0.594 5	0.992 3	0.557 3	1.230
P18	umc1492y13	4	0.614 4	0.953 7	0.558 8	1.116
P19	umc1432y6	10	0.750 9	0.992 3	0.713 7	1.551
P20	umc1506k12	8	0.803 5	1.000 0	0.774 3	1.723
P21	umc1147y4	5	0.510 5	0.969 1	0.449 2	0.933
P22	bnlg1671y17	12	0.823 4	0.992 3	0.800 3	1.908
P23	phi96100y1	9	0.738 3	0.988 4	0.712 1	1.656
P24	umc1536k9	6	0.696 4	0.996 1	0.656 0	1.414
P25	bnlg1520k1	8	0.762 9	1.000 0	0.725 5	1.604
P26	umc1489y3	12	0.790 9	1.000 0	0.761 7	1.747
P27	bnlg490y4	13	0.794 1	0.818 5	0.775 1	1.962
P28	umc1999y3	5	0.303 6	1.000 0	0.289 0	0.655
P29	umc2115k3	5	0.636 9	0.988 4	0.600 7	1.274
P30	umc1429y7	8	0.724 6	1.000 0	0.682 6	1.467
P31	bnlg249k2	7	0.606 0	1.000 0	0.537 2	1.139
P32	phi299852y2	9	0.811 3	0.965 3	0.787 4	1.860
P33	umc2160k3	11	0.409 8	1.000 0	0.396 2	0.987
P34	umc1936k4	4	0.382 4	0.861 0	0.351 0	0.711
P35	bnlg2235y5	6	0.765 6	0.973 0	0.730 7	1.596
P36	phi233376y1	9	0.738 2	1.000 0	0.697 6	1.576
P37	umc2084w2	11	0.812 4	1.000 0	0.788 6	1.843
P38	umc123lk4	6	0.620 5	0.915 1	0.568 8	1.196
P39	phi041y6	10	0.655 4	0.996 1	0.616 9	1.430
P40	umc2163w3	9	0.732 5	0.957 5	0.692 0	1.539
平均值Average		9.975	0.717 1	0.982 2	0.686 8	1.615

编号 Code	标记名称 Marker name	等位基因数 Number of alleles	基因多样性指数 Gene diversity index	有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	多态信息含量 Polymorphism information content	Shannon指数 Shannon index
P01	bnlg439w1	16	0.857 9	0.996 1	0.843 8	2.216
P02	umc1335y5	10	0.418 8	1.000 0	0.392 9	0.886
P03	umc2007y4	11	0.810 7	0.992 3	0.787 5	1.916
P04	bnlg1940k7	12	0.771 6	1.000 0	0.745 1	1.748
P05	umc2105k3	22	0.887 8	0.976 8	0.878 4	2.473
P06	phi053k2	19	0.903 3	0.996 1	0.895 4	2.527
P07	phi072k4	7	0.738 3	0.996 1	0.697 6	1.533
P08	bnlg2291k4	12	0.864 2	1.000 0	0.849 7	2.146
P09	umc1705w1	13	0.778 9	0.996 1	0.748 6	1.782
P10	bnlg2305k4	10	0.835 7	1.000 0	0.817 8	2.006
P11	bnlg161k8	18	0.897 4	0.988 4	0.888 4	2.424
P12	bnlg1702k1	13	0.770 6	0.996 1	0.737 1	1.723
P13	umc1545y2	17	0.869 5	1.000 0	0.856 2	2.251
P14	umc1125y3	7	0.590 8	1.000 0	0.552 9	1.205
P15	bnlg240k1	8	0.780 5	1.000 0	0.750 3	1.691
P16	phi080k15	11	0.830 4	0.992 3	0.808 6	1.938
P17	phi065k9	6	0.594 5	0.992 3	0.557 3	1.230
P18	umc1492y13	4	0.614 4	0.953 7	0.558 8	1.116
P19	umc1432y6	10	0.750 9	0.992 3	0.713 7	1.551
P20	umc1506k12	8	0.803 5	1.000 0	0.774 3	1.723
P21	umc1147y4	5	0.510 5	0.969 1	0.449 2	0.933
P22	bnlg1671y17	12	0.823 4	0.992 3	0.800 3	1.908
P23	phi96100y1	9	0.738 3	0.988 4	0.712 1	1.656
P24	umc1536k9	6	0.696 4	0.996 1	0.656 0	1.414
P25	bnlg1520k1	8	0.762 9	1.000 0	0.725 5	1.604
P26	umc1489y3	12	0.790 9	1.000 0	0.761 7	1.747
P27	bnlg490y4	13	0.794 1	0.818 5	0.775 1	1.962
P28	umc1999y3	5	0.303 6	1.000 0	0.289 0	0.655
P29	umc2115k3	5	0.636 9	0.988 4	0.600 7	1.274
P30	umc1429y7	8	0.724 6	1.000 0	0.682 6	1.467
P31	bnlg249k2	7	0.606 0	1.000 0	0.537 2	1.139
P32	phi299852y2	9	0.811 3	0.965 3	0.787 4	1.860
P33	umc2160k3	11	0.409 8	1.000 0	0.396 2	0.987
P34	umc1936k4	4	0.382 4	0.861 0	0.351 0	0.711
P35	bnlg2235y5	6	0.765 6	0.973 0	0.730 7	1.596
P36	phi233376y1	9	0.738 2	1.000 0	0.697 6	1.576
P37	umc2084w2	11	0.812 4	1.000 0	0.788 6	1.843
P38	umc123lk4	6	0.620 5	0.915 1	0.568 8	1.196
P39	phi041y6	10	0.655 4	0.996 1	0.616 9	1.430
P40	umc2163w3	9	0.732 5	0.957 5	0.692 0	1.539
平均值Average		9.975	0.717 1	0.982 2	0.686 8	1.615

种质 Germplasm	株高/cm Plant height/cm	穗位高/cm Ear height/cm	播种至抽雄时间/d Time for sowing to tasseling /d	播种至散粉时间/d Time for sowing to anthesis/d	播种至吐丝时间/d Time for sowing to silking/d
慈溪糯玉米(大粒)Cixi Waxy Corn (large kernel)	173.3	88.2	70	74	75
慈溪糯玉米(小粒)Cixi Waxy Corn (small kernel)	167.3	79.1	73	77	78
炬秋玉米Juqiu Corn	190.6	62.5	65	68	69
开化地玉米Kaihua Di Corn	170.6	81.3	62	64	65
紫包早Zi Bao Zao	259.3	105.7	66	70	71
余杭八十日Yuhang 80 Days	239.4	110.1	70	73	74
临海黄玉米Linhai Yellow Corn	165.6	75.7	62	65	66
黄包萝(110175)Yellow Baoluo (110175)	195.6	74.1	61	64	65
山玉米(2018331072)	277.1	147.6	75	79	80
Mountain Corn (2018331072)
山玉米2(新收集)	300.5	146.0	75	79	80
Mountain Corn 2 (new collection)

种质 Germplasm	株高/cm Plant height/cm	穗位高/cm Ear height/cm	播种至抽雄时间/d Time for sowing to tasseling /d	播种至散粉时间/d Time for sowing to anthesis/d	播种至吐丝时间/d Time for sowing to silking/d
慈溪糯玉米(大粒)Cixi Waxy Corn (large kernel)	173.3	88.2	70	74	75
慈溪糯玉米(小粒)Cixi Waxy Corn (small kernel)	167.3	79.1	73	77	78
炬秋玉米Juqiu Corn	190.6	62.5	65	68	69
开化地玉米Kaihua Di Corn	170.6	81.3	62	64	65
紫包早Zi Bao Zao	259.3	105.7	66	70	71
余杭八十日Yuhang 80 Days	239.4	110.1	70	73	74
临海黄玉米Linhai Yellow Corn	165.6	75.7	62	65	66
黄包萝(110175)Yellow Baoluo (110175)	195.6	74.1	61	64	65
山玉米(2018331072)	277.1	147.6	75	79	80
Mountain Corn (2018331072)
山玉米2(新收集)	300.5	146.0	75	79	80
Mountain Corn 2 (new collection)

Phylogenetic analysis of maize landraces in Zhejiang Province of China based on SSR markers

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