Phenotypic characters and SRAP genetic diversity analysis of 37 pepper germplasm resources

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240344

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 300-310.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240344

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Phenotypic characters and SRAP genetic diversity analysis of 37 pepper germplasm resources

GUO Saisai(), NIE Zhixing, FU Hongfei, WANG Tonglin, SHAO Zhiyong, WANG Hong, ZHENG Jirong()

Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

Received:2024-04-12 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: ZHENG Jirong

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on 37 pepper germplasm resources,22 characters were analyzed statistically,and genetic diversity was analyzed by SRAP molecular markers. Cluster analysis was conducted based on observed phenotypic characters data and SRAP molecular markers respectively. There were significant differences in 22 phenotypic characters among pepper germplasm, the mean coefficient of variation and Shannon diversity index were 44.49% and 2.00, respectively. Seven principal components could represent 81.48% of genetic information of phenotypic characters. The test germplasm resources could be divided into three groups based on fruit shape, including short sheep horn pepper, long sheep horn pepper and lantern pepper. The average Nei’s gene diversity index, Shannon diversity index and genetic similarity coefficient of the 17 SRAP primers were 0.42, 0.61 and 0.75, respectively. Based on SRAP molecular markers, 37 pepper germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.86. Thirty-seven pepper germplasm resources exhibit diverse phenotypic characters and rich genetic diversity, but SRAP molecular markers show that the germplasm resources of the tested materials are homogenized. We should introduce other types of germplasm resources for variety breeding. It could improve the selection efficiency of parents and fully utilize hybrid advantages to enhance the breeding accuracy by combining phenotypic characters observation and SRAP molecular markers assisted pepper breeding.

Key words: pepper, phenotypic character, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S641.3

GUO Saisai, NIE Zhixing, FU Hongfei, WANG Tonglin, SHAO Zhiyong, WANG Hong, ZHENG Jirong. Phenotypic characters and SRAP genetic diversity analysis of 37 pepper germplasm resources[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 300-310.

Figures/Tables 10

References 13

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编号 Number	性状 Character	测量标准 Measurement standards
1	株高 Plant height	随机选取5株测量植株最高点到地面的距离 Randomly select 5 plants to measure the distance from their highest point to the ground
2	株幅Plant width	随机选取5株测量植株最宽处Randomly select 5 plants to measure their widest points
3	叶长 Leaf length	随机选取5片成熟叶测量顶端到叶柄间的距离 Randomly select 5 mature leaves and measure the distance between the top and the petiole
4	叶宽Leaf width	随机选取5片成熟叶测量最宽处Randomly select 5 mature leaves to measure the widest point
5	叶柄长 Petiole length	随机选取5片成熟叶测量叶柄的长度 Randomly select 5 mature leaves to measure the length of the petiole
6	始花节位 Primordial node	随机选取5株测量从第一片真叶到二叉分支之间的节位 Randomly select 5 plants to measure the node position between the first true leaf and the binary branch
7	单果重Single fruit weight	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
8	果长Fruit length	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
9	果宽Fruit width	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
10	果肉厚度Pulp thickness	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
11	株型Plant type	开展1,半直立2,直立3 Unfolding 1, Semi upright 2, Upright 3
12	果面棱沟Surface grooves	无0,浅1,中2,深3 No 0, Shallow 1, Medium 2, Deep 3
13	果面特征Surface features	光滑1,微皱2,皱3 Smooth 1, Slightly wrinkled 2, Wrinkled 3
14	果面光泽Surface gloss	无0,有1 No 0, Yes 1
15	果肩形状 Fruit shoulder shape	无果肩0,凸1,微凹近平2,凹陷3 No fruit shoulder 0, Convex 1, Slightly concave nearly flat 2, Concave 3
16	果顶形状Fruit top shape	细尖1,钝圆2,凹3,凹陷带尖4 Fine tip 1, Blunt circle 2, Concave 3, Concave with tip 4
17	青熟果色 Green ripe fruit color	黄白1,乳黄2,黄绿3,浅绿4,绿5,深绿6,墨绿7,紫8,紫黑9 Yellow white 1, Milky yellow 2, Yellow green 3, Light green 4, Green 5, Dark green 6, Dark green 7, Purple 8, Purple black 9
18	老熟果色Mature fruit color	橙黄1,橘红2,鲜红3,暗红4,紫红5 Orange yellow 1, Orange red 2, Bright red 3, Dark red 4, Purple red 5
19	果形 Fruit shape	扁灯笼1,方灯笼2,长灯笼3,短锥4,长锥形5,短牛角6,长牛角7,短羊角8,长羊角9,短指10,长指11,线形12,圆球13 Flat lantern 1, Square lantern 2, Long lantern 3, Short cone 4, Long cone 5, Short horn 6, Long horn 7, Short sheep horn 8, Long sheep horn 9, Short finger 10, Long finger 11, Linear 12, Spherical 13
20	花柱颜色Style color	白1,蓝2,紫3 White 1, Blue 2, Purple 3
21	花柱长度 Style length	短于雄蕊1,与雄蕊近等长2,长于雄蕊3 Shorter than stamen 1, Nearly as long as stamen 2, Longer than stamen 3
22	叶片形状Leaf shape	卵圆1,长卵圆2,披针形3 Oval 1, Long oval 2, Lanceolate 3

编号 Number	性状 Character	测量标准 Measurement standards
1	株高 Plant height	随机选取5株测量植株最高点到地面的距离 Randomly select 5 plants to measure the distance from their highest point to the ground
2	株幅Plant width	随机选取5株测量植株最宽处Randomly select 5 plants to measure their widest points
3	叶长 Leaf length	随机选取5片成熟叶测量顶端到叶柄间的距离 Randomly select 5 mature leaves and measure the distance between the top and the petiole
4	叶宽Leaf width	随机选取5片成熟叶测量最宽处Randomly select 5 mature leaves to measure the widest point
5	叶柄长 Petiole length	随机选取5片成熟叶测量叶柄的长度 Randomly select 5 mature leaves to measure the length of the petiole
6	始花节位 Primordial node	随机选取5株测量从第一片真叶到二叉分支之间的节位 Randomly select 5 plants to measure the node position between the first true leaf and the binary branch
7	单果重Single fruit weight	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
8	果长Fruit length	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
9	果宽Fruit width	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
10	果肉厚度Pulp thickness	随机选取绿熟期5个果实测量Randomly select 5 fruits in the green ripening stage for measurement
11	株型Plant type	开展1,半直立2,直立3 Unfolding 1, Semi upright 2, Upright 3
12	果面棱沟Surface grooves	无0,浅1,中2,深3 No 0, Shallow 1, Medium 2, Deep 3
13	果面特征Surface features	光滑1,微皱2,皱3 Smooth 1, Slightly wrinkled 2, Wrinkled 3
14	果面光泽Surface gloss	无0,有1 No 0, Yes 1
15	果肩形状 Fruit shoulder shape	无果肩0,凸1,微凹近平2,凹陷3 No fruit shoulder 0, Convex 1, Slightly concave nearly flat 2, Concave 3
16	果顶形状Fruit top shape	细尖1,钝圆2,凹3,凹陷带尖4 Fine tip 1, Blunt circle 2, Concave 3, Concave with tip 4
17	青熟果色 Green ripe fruit color	黄白1,乳黄2,黄绿3,浅绿4,绿5,深绿6,墨绿7,紫8,紫黑9 Yellow white 1, Milky yellow 2, Yellow green 3, Light green 4, Green 5, Dark green 6, Dark green 7, Purple 8, Purple black 9
18	老熟果色Mature fruit color	橙黄1,橘红2,鲜红3,暗红4,紫红5 Orange yellow 1, Orange red 2, Bright red 3, Dark red 4, Purple red 5
19	果形 Fruit shape	扁灯笼1,方灯笼2,长灯笼3,短锥4,长锥形5,短牛角6,长牛角7,短羊角8,长羊角9,短指10,长指11,线形12,圆球13 Flat lantern 1, Square lantern 2, Long lantern 3, Short cone 4, Long cone 5, Short horn 6, Long horn 7, Short sheep horn 8, Long sheep horn 9, Short finger 10, Long finger 11, Linear 12, Spherical 13
20	花柱颜色Style color	白1,蓝2,紫3 White 1, Blue 2, Purple 3
21	花柱长度 Style length	短于雄蕊1,与雄蕊近等长2,长于雄蕊3 Shorter than stamen 1, Nearly as long as stamen 2, Longer than stamen 3
22	叶片形状Leaf shape	卵圆1,长卵圆2,披针形3 Oval 1, Long oval 2, Lanceolate 3

引物对Primer	正向引物序列Forward primer sequence(5'-3')	反向引物序列Reverse primer sequence(5'-3')
EM1-ME4	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACC
EM1-ME10	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGGGGACAACCCGGCTT
EM1-ME14	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA
EM2-ME1	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA
EM2-ME3	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT
EM2-ME6	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTAA
EM2-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM3-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM3-ME11	GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCT
EM4-ME3	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT
EM4-ME10	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA	TGGGGACAACCCGGCTT
EM6-ME11	GACTGCGTACGAATTGCA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCT
EM7-ME2	GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGC
EM7-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM8-ME1	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA
EM8-ME5	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG
EM10-ME14	GACTGCGTACGAATTATG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA

引物对Primer	正向引物序列Forward primer sequence(5'-3')	反向引物序列Reverse primer sequence(5'-3')
EM1-ME4	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACC
EM1-ME10	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGGGGACAACCCGGCTT
EM1-ME14	GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA
EM2-ME1	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA
EM2-ME3	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT
EM2-ME6	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTAA
EM2-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM3-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM3-ME11	GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCT
EM4-ME3	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT
EM4-ME10	GACTGCGTACGAATTTGA	TGGGGACAACCCGGCTT
EM6-ME11	GACTGCGTACGAATTGCA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCT
EM7-ME2	GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGC
EM7-ME7	GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA	TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCC
EM8-ME1	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA
EM8-ME5	GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG
EM10-ME14	GACTGCGTACGAATTATG	TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA

性状 Character	均值 Mean	极大值 Maximum	极小值 Minimum	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	香农多样性指数 Shannon’s diversity index
株高Plant height/cm	88.8	137.3	48.1	19.26	21.68	2.83
株幅Plant width/cm	82.0	135.5	51.2	15.21	18.54	2.98
始花节位Primordial node	12.5	22.0	5.0	3.92	31.26	2.78
叶长Leaf length/cm	14.8	23.1	6.7	3.53	23.89	2.99
叶宽Leaf width/cm	6.5	11.1	3.5	1.81	27.71	2.89
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	7.0	13.2	1.8	2.29	32.57	3.00
单果重Single fruit weight/g	33.68	228.64	3.59	48.62	144.34	2.16
果长Fruit length/cm	12.2	24.5	2.2	4.34	35.65	1.88
果宽Fruit width/mm	29.02	93.11	9.43	20.57	70.88	2.27
果肉厚度Pulp thickness/mm	3.06	9.78	0.92	1.76	57.38	2.65
平均Mean					46.39	2.64

Phenotypic characters and SRAP genetic diversity analysis of 37 pepper germplasm resources

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性状 Character	频率分布 Frequency of grade/%													变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	香农多样性指数Shannon’s diversity index
性状 Character	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	香农多样性指数Shannon’s diversity index
株型Plant type		18.92	45.95	35.14										33.17	1.58
果面棱沟Surface grooves	8.11	70.27	10.81	10.81										60.32	1.85
果面特征Surface features		8.11	83.78	8.11										20.13	1.31
果面光泽Surface gloss	13.51	86.49												39.53	1.41
果肩形状Fruit shoulder shape	43.24	37.84		18.92										115.14	1.59
果顶形状Fruit top shape		40.54	32.43	24.32	2.70									45.62	1.69
青熟果色Green ripe fruit color		2.70	5.41	8.11	10.81	37.84	35.14							26.84	1.78
老熟果色Mature fruit color		8.11	8.11	78.38										30.68	0.83
果形Fruit shape		2.70	5.41	5.41	2.70	2.70	18.92		27.03	18.92	2.70	5.41	8.11	37.73	3.10
花柱颜色Style color		89.19		10.81										51.06	1.14
花柱长度Style length		8.11	13.51	78.38										22.54	0.51
叶片形状Leaf shape		78.38	21.62											32.17	0.66
平均值Mean														42.91	1.45

性状 Character	主成分Principal components
性状 Character	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
株高Plant height	-0.133	0.815	0.044	0.072	0.383	0.03	0.029
株幅Plant width	-0.192	0.060	0.735	0.070	0.192	0.451	0.170
叶长Leaf length	0.455	0.718	0.102	0.218	-0.134	-0.088	-0.003
叶宽Leaf width	0.635	0.570	0.196	-0.098	-0.164	0.020	-0.076
叶柄长Petiole length	0.412	0.665	-0.017	0.122	-0.029	0.059	0.175
始花节位Primordial node	0.038	0.922	0.107	0.087	-0.067	0	0.048
单果重Single fruit weight	0.826	-0.102	-0.154	0.269	-0.242	0.304	-0.108
果长Fruit length	-0.358	-0.129	-0.558	0.37	-0.059	0.509	0.230
果宽Fruit width	0.903	-0.245	-0.011	0.256	-0.084	0.096	-0.059
果肉厚度Pulp thickness	0.798	-0.143	-0.27	0.046	-0.221	0.343	-0.163
株型Plant type	0.255	0.639	-0.614	-0.032	-0.106	-0.107	-0.037
果面棱沟Surface grooves	0.705	-0.271	0.240	0.358	0.126	-0.075	0.002
果面特征Surface features	-0.329	-0.065	0.241	0.455	-0.307	-0.136	0.611
果面光泽Surface gloss	-0.340	-0.155	0.09	0.57	0.001	-0.068	-0.398
果肩形状Fruit shoulder shape	0.714	-0.262	0.061	0.41	0.175	-0.121	0.180
果顶形状Fruit top shape	0.785	-0.135	0.314	0.056	0.079	-0.095	0.230
青熟果色Green ripe fruit color	-0.392	0.251	-0.108	0.644	0.194	0.135	-0.173
老熟果色Mature fruit color	0.216	0.001	-0.271	-0.098	0.830	0.250	0.118
果形Fruit shape	-0.864	0.101	0.025	0.029	-0.232	0.210	0.146
花柱颜色Style color	-0.259	0.145	0.646	0.063	-0.055	0.246	-0.422
花柱长度Style length	-0.752	0.057	-0.176	0.374	-0.081	-0.027	-0.052
叶片形状Leaf shape	-0.134	-0.052	-0.087	0.489	0.230	-0.461	-0.113

类群 Group	份数 Number	株高 Plant height/cm	株幅 Plant width/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶柄长 Petiole length/cm	始花节位 Primordial node	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	果长 Fruit length/cm	果宽 Fruit width/mm	果肉厚度 Pulp thickness/mm
Ⅰ	30	91.32	82.75	14.30	6.19	6.87	12.65	14.75	12.26	20.58	2.43
Ⅱ	4	79.35	84.83	15.60	6.77	6.72	11.20	62.72	12.33	52.98	3.94
Ⅲ	3	76.57	71.03	18.67	9.42	9.06	13.07	184.29	11.07	81.50	8.15

编号 Number	引物 Primer	总条带数 Total bands	多态性条带 Polymorphic band	多态性 Polymorphic rate/%
1	EM1-ME4	11	11	100.00
2	EM1-ME10	9	8	88.89
3	EM1-ME14	7	7	100.00
4	EM2-ME1	5	5	100.00
5	EM2-ME3	10	10	100.00
6	EM2-ME6	10	10	100.00
7	EM2-ME7	11	11	100.00
8	EM3-ME7	7	6	85.71
9	EM3-ME11	6	6	100.00
10	EM4-ME3	7	7	100.00
11	EM4-ME10	8	8	100.00
12	EM6-ME11	7	6	85.71
13	EM7-ME2	7	6	85.71
14	EM7-ME7	10	10	100.00
15	EM8-ME1	10	7	70.00
16	EM8-ME5	9	8	88.89
17	EM10-ME14	7	7	100.00
合计Total		141	133	94.33
平均Mean		8.29	7.82

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