Genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources based on agronomic traits

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231041

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 325-333.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231041

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources based on agronomic traits

ZHANG Ting¹(), WANG Xueyan¹, GUO Qinwei¹, LI Chaosen¹, LIU Huiqin¹, XIANG Xiaomin¹, WEI Jing¹, ZHAO Dongfeng¹, WAN Hongjian²^,^*()

1. Institute of Vegetable, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
2. Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-09-01 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-05

Abstract

Abstract:

To clearly understanding the genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources collected by Quzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, improving the utilization of germplasm, and providing theoretical basis for pepper breeding. Genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on 18 agronomic traits of 193 pepper germplasm resources. The results showed that the fruit phenotype of the tested materials exhibited abundant genetic diversity, the genetic diversity index ranged from 4.95 to 5.25, and the mature fruit color had the highest genetic diversity index. The coefficient of variation of 9 quantitative traits (fruit length, fruit width, single fruit weight, carpel number, main stem height, first flower node, squaring stage, flowering stage and fruit setting stage ) ranged from 23.25% to 81.98%, and the highest coefficient of variation was observed in single fruit weight. The relationship among the traits was complex, and the cumulative contribution rate in principal component analysis was 96%. The 18 traits could be simplified into 6 principal components. The tested materials were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, of which groups I contained most of germplasm resources with white green ripe fruit color, the number of germplasm resources in group I was the largest, with 150. Most of the germplasm resources in group Ⅱ were introduced from the United States, and the germplasm resources in group Ⅲ had larger fruit shape. In view of the genetic background of pepper germplasm among groups and the differences in fruit shape, flowering period and main stem height, hybridization among groups can be carried out to improve breeding efficiency of pepper.

Key words: pepper, germplasm, agronomic trait, genetic diversity

CLC Number:

S641.3

ZHANG Ting, WANG Xueyan, GUO Qinwei, LI Chaosen, LIU Huiqin, XIANG Xiaomin, WEI Jing, ZHAO Dongfeng, WAN Hongjian. Genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources based on agronomic traits[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(2): 325-333.

Figures/Tables 7

References 21

[1]	ZHONG Y M, CHENG Y, RUAN M Y, et al. High-throughput SSR marker development and the analysis of genetic diversity in Capsicum frutescens[J]. Horticulturae, 2021, 7(7): 187.
[2]	CHHAPEKAR S S, BRAHMA V, RAWOOF A, et al. Transcriptome profiling, simple sequence repeat markers development and genetic diversity analysis of potential industrial crops Capsicum chinense and C. frutescens of Northeast India[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2020, 154: 112687.
[3]	李宁, 王飞, 姚明华, 等. 国内外辣椒种质资源表型性状多样性及相关性分析[J]. 辣椒杂志, 2015, 13(1): 8-13.
	LI N, WANG F, YAO M H, et al. Genetic diversity and correlation analysis of phenotype traits in Capsicum spp. germplasms from China and abroad[J]. Journal of China Capsicum, 2015, 13(1): 8-13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	刘林娅, 黄亚成, 杨那, 等. 81份辣椒种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2023, 44(4): 706-715.
	LIU L Y, HUANG Y C, YANG N, et al. Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 81 Capsicum annuum germplasms[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2023, 44(4): 706-715. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	LIU Y X, LIN Y, GAO S, et al. A genome-wide association study of 23 agronomic traits in Chinese wheat landraces[J]. The Plant Journal, 2017, 91(5): 861-873.
[6]	李艳, 赵红星, 王勇, 等. 169份辣椒种质资源的遗传多样性分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2018, 47(2): 91-97.
	LI Y, ZHAO H X, WANG Y, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of 169 accessions of Capsicum[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 47(2): 91-97. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	KALENDAR R, FLAVELL A J, ELLIS T H N, et al. Analysis of plant diversity with retrotransposon-based molecular markers[J]. Heredity, 2011, 106(4): 520-530.
[8]	张艳, 孙婷, 刘玉珊, 等. 四川加工型辣椒种质资源遗传多样性分析[J]. 分子植物育种, 2023, 21(14): 4702-4709.
	ZHANG Y, SUN T, LIU Y S, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of processing-orientation type pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) germplasm in Sichuan Province[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2023, 21(14): 4702-4709. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	PIGLIUCCI M, MURREN C J, SCHLICHTING C D. Phenotypic plasticity and evolution by genetic assimilation[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2006, 209(12): 2362-2367.
[10]	李锡香, 张宝玺. 辣椒种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006.
[11]	徐肖, 栾海业, 张英虎, 等. 青藏高原裸大麦种质资源形态多样性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019, 31(7): 1037-1044.
	XU X, LUAN H Y, ZHANG Y H, et al. Morphological diversity of hulless barley accessions from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019, 31(7): 1037-1044. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	魏仕伟, 杨华, 张前荣, 等. 基于表型性状的叶用莴苣资源多样性分析[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2016, 17(5): 871-876.
	WEI S W, YANG H, ZHANG Q R, et al. The diversity of lettuce resource based on the analysis of phenotypic traits[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2016, 17(5): 871-876. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	王业举, 张虎, 张博, 等. 235份陆地棉表型性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2023, 39(3): 636-644.
	WANG Y J, ZHANG H, ZHANG B, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of 235 upland cotton materials phenotypic traits[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 39(3): 636-644. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	罗春芳, 杨龙, 欧珍贵, 等. 23份木薯种质资源在贵州的形态多样性分析与评价[J]. 江西农业学报, 2021, 33(05): 24-30.
	LUO C F, YANG L, OU Z G, et al. Analysis and evaluation of morphological diversity of 23 cassava germplasm resources in Guizhou[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2021, 33(05): 24-30. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	张悦, 索玉静, 孙鹏, 等. 柿种质资源果实形态多样性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(07): 1473-1490.
	ZHANG Y, SUO Y J, SUN P, et al. Analysis on morphological diversity of persimmon germplasm resources[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(07): 1473-1490. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	张培安, 樊秀彩, 刘众杰, 等. 葡萄种质资源果形性状的分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2018, 45(8): 1456-1466.
	ZHANG P A, FAN X C, LIU Z J, et al. Investigation and analysis on the berry shape of grape germplasm resources[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45(8): 1456-1466. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	刘子记, 申龙斌, 杨衍, 等. 甜椒核心种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系分析[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(5): 199-202.
	LIU Z J, SHEN L B, YANG Y, et al. Genetic diversity and genetic relationship analysis of sweet pepper core collection[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(5): 199-202. (in Chinese)
[18]	BRILHANTE B D G, DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS T, SANTOS P H A D, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Brazilian Capsicum germplasm[J]. Agronomy, 2021, 11(5): 854.
[19]	沈升法, 项超, 李兵, 等. 浙江省马铃薯种质资源的表型鉴定与多样性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2319-2328.
	SHEN S F, XIANG C, LI B, et al. Phenotypic identification and diversity analysis of potato germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2319-2328. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	芮文婧, 王晓敏, 张倩男, 等. 番茄353份种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2018, 45(3): 561-570.
	RUI W J, WANG X M, ZHANG Q N, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of 353 tomato germplasm resources by phenotypic traits[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45(3): 561-570. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	CASTILLO-AGUILAR C C, LÓPEZ CASTILLA L C, PACHECO N, et al. Phenotypic diversity and capsaicinoid content of chilli pepper landraces (Capsicum spp.) from the Yucatan Peninsula[J]. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 2021, 19(2): 159-166.

性状Trait	描述与赋值Description and assignment
绒毛密度 Villus density	无或极疏=1;疏=3;中=5;密=7;极密=9 None or extremely sparse=1; Sparse=3; Medium=5; Dense=7; Extremely dense=9
花冠颜色 Corolla color	白色=1;浅紫=2;紫色=3;浅绿色=4 White =1; Light purple=2; Purple=3; Light green=4
花药颜色 Anther color	乳白色=1;黄色=2;蓝色=3;蓝紫色=4;紫色=5 Cream=1;Yellow=2; Blue=3; Bluish violet=4; Purple=5
花柱颜色 Style color	白色=1;浅紫=2;紫色=3 White =1; Light Purple=2; Purple=3
柱头相对于花药的位置 Position of stigma relative to anther	低于=1;等高=2;高于=3 Lower=1; Equal height =2; Higher=3
青熟果色 Green ripe fruit color	白色=1;浅绿=2;绿色=3;紫色=4;深绿=5;黄色=6 White =1; Light green=2; Green=3; Purple=4; Dark green=5; Yellow=6
成熟果色 Mature fruit color	黄色=1;橙色=2;红色=3;棕色=4;紫=5 Yellow=1; Orange=2; Red=3; Brown=4; violet=5
萼片形态 Sepal morphology	不包被=1;浅包=2;包被=3 Uncovered=1; Slightly covered=2; Covered=3
果实先端形状 Fruit tip shape	尖=1;圆=2;凹=3 Sharp=1; Round=2; Dented=3

性状Trait	描述与赋值Description and assignment
绒毛密度 Villus density	无或极疏=1;疏=3;中=5;密=7;极密=9 None or extremely sparse=1; Sparse=3; Medium=5; Dense=7; Extremely dense=9
花冠颜色 Corolla color	白色=1;浅紫=2;紫色=3;浅绿色=4 White =1; Light purple=2; Purple=3; Light green=4
花药颜色 Anther color	乳白色=1;黄色=2;蓝色=3;蓝紫色=4;紫色=5 Cream=1;Yellow=2; Blue=3; Bluish violet=4; Purple=5
花柱颜色 Style color	白色=1;浅紫=2;紫色=3 White =1; Light Purple=2; Purple=3
柱头相对于花药的位置 Position of stigma relative to anther	低于=1;等高=2;高于=3 Lower=1; Equal height =2; Higher=3
青熟果色 Green ripe fruit color	白色=1;浅绿=2;绿色=3;紫色=4;深绿=5;黄色=6 White =1; Light green=2; Green=3; Purple=4; Dark green=5; Yellow=6
成熟果色 Mature fruit color	黄色=1;橙色=2;红色=3;棕色=4;紫=5 Yellow=1; Orange=2; Red=3; Brown=4; violet=5
萼片形态 Sepal morphology	不包被=1;浅包=2;包被=3 Uncovered=1; Slightly covered=2; Covered=3
果实先端形状 Fruit tip shape	尖=1;圆=2;凹=3 Sharp=1; Round=2; Dented=3

性状 Character	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon’s diversity index	性状 Character	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon’s diversity index
FL	5.14	SC	5.06
FW	5.14	SP	5.19
SFW	4.95	GFC	5.18
CN	5.23	MFC	5.25
SH	5.06	SM	5.20
FFN	5.18	FTS	5.17
VD	4.98	BS	5.18
CC	5.20	FS	5.22
AC	5.22	SS	5.22

性状 Character	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon’s diversity index	性状 Character	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon’s diversity index
FL	5.14	SC	5.06
FW	5.14	SP	5.19
SFW	4.95	GFC	5.18
CN	5.23	MFC	5.25
SH	5.06	SM	5.20
FFN	5.18	FTS	5.17
VD	4.98	BS	5.18
CC	5.20	FS	5.22
AC	5.22	SS	5.22

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	最大值 Maximum value	最小值 Minimum value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV/%
FL/cm	14.961	34.00	1.00	6.63	45.41
FW/cm	2.62	13.00	0.40	1.40	53.53
SFW/g	24.17	112.00	0.62	19.82	81.98
CN	2.43	4.00	2.00	0.56	23.25
SH/cm	25.28	66.00	10.00	0.79	38.87
FFN	10.68	29.00	5.00	4.45	41.74
BS	28.62	67.00	16.00	12.27	43.01
FS	40.45	74.00	3.19	11.65	28.81
SS	51.04	94.00	3.19	13.19	25.85

Genetic diversity of pepper germplasm resources based on agronomic traits

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 21

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

性状 Trait	SH	FFN	VD	CC	AC	SC	SP	GFC	MFC	SM	CN	FTS	FL	FW	SFW	BS	FS
FFN	0.820^**
VD	-0.178^*	-0.214^**
CC	0.125	0.112	0.063
AC	-0.283^*	-0.319^*	0.299^*	0.058
SC	-0.009	-0.052	0.144^*	0.299^*	0.148^*
SP	0.236^**	0.281	-0.067	0.091	-0.012	0.083
GFC	0.060	0.066	-0.172^*	-0.014	-0.029	-0.114	0.191^**
MFC	-0.037	0.011	-0.047	-0.041	-0.151^*	0.048	0.168^*	0.176^*
SM	-0.116	-0.115	0.141	0.053	0.227^**	0.174^*	0.008	-0.131	0.007
CN	-0.175^*	-0.168^*	0.204^*	0.005	0.135	-0.002	-0.153^*	-0.129	-0.143^*	-0.050
FTS	-0.048	-0.098	-0.027	0.049	-0.041	-0.034	0.010	0.096	0.028	0.288^*	0.188^**
FL	-0.379^**	-0.481^**	0.065	-0.221^**	0.129	-0.010	-0.287^*	-0.138	-0.074	0.084	0.044	-0.065
FW	-0.169^*	-0.162^*	-0.112	-0.112	-0.124	-0.139	-0.230^**	0.025	-0.021	-0.463^**	0.233^**	0.318^*	0.206^**
SFW	-0.157^*	-0.256^**	-0.096	-0.154^*	-0.149^*	-0.157^*	-0.331^**	-0.111	-0.024	-0.361^**	0.22^**	0.212^*	0.499^**	0.506^**
BS	0.517^**	0.586^**	-0.231^**	0.162^*	-0.274^**	0.032	0.301^*	-0.023	0.103	-0.139	-0.138	-0.031	-0.431^**	-0.082	-0.269^**
FS	0.532^**	0.616^**	-0.179^*	0.152^*	-0.312^*	0.047	0.315^*	-0.058	0.133	-0.172	-0.172^*	-0.088	-0.402^**	-0.123	-0.258^**	0.918^**
SS	0.533^**	0.595^**	-0.193^**	0.145^*	-0.317^*	0.064	0.313^*	-0.036	0.168^*	-0.145	-0.194^**	-0.119	-0.374^**	-0.239	-0.239^**	0.866^**	0.944^**

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6
SH	0.66	-0.02	0.22	-0.27	0.04	-0.38
FFN	0.73	-0.04	0.28	-0.24	-0.04	-0.32
VD	-0.16	-0.16	-0.02	0.69	0.08	0.02
CC	0.12	0.04	0.14	0.01	0.79	-0.17
AC	-0.41	-0.24	0.14	0.47	0.15	-0.07
SC	-0.01	-0.15	-0.08	0.08	0.79	0.16
SP	0.28	-0.11	0.56	0.00	0.07	0.26
GFC	-0.20	0.17	0.65	-0.36	-0.09	0.13
MFC	0.10	0.03	0.15	-0.13	-0.01	0.82
SM	-0.06	-0.73	-0.06	0.16	0.11	0.08
CN	0.01	0.37	-0.11	0.67	-0.06	-0.14
FTS	-0.09	0.68	0.23	0.16	0.12	0.06
FL	-0.46	0.00	-0.63	-0.11	-0.07	0.15
FW	-0.09	0.75	-0.27	-0.02	-0.10	0.06
SFW	-0.21	0.57	-0.57	-015	-0.11	0.02
BS	0.91	0	0.10	-0.04	0.07	0.10
FS	0.94	-0.06	0.04	-0.05	0.06	0.14
SS	0.92	-0.07	0.04	-0.09	0.07	0.17
特征值Eigenvalue	4.13	2.20	1.81	1.52	1.37	1.19
贡献率Contribution rate/%	34	18	15	12	11	6
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	34	52	67	79	90	96

[1]	HONG Xia, LU Jilai, QI Huijuan, CHEN Xiaoshang. Genetic diversity analysis and core collection construction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) germplasm accessions [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1233-1243.
[2]	HE Guoxin, LI Sujuan, WANG Jian, TAO Xiaoyuan, YE Zihong, CHEN Guang, XU Shengchun. Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 965-976.
[3]	GUO Saisai, NIE Zhixing, FU Hongfei, WANG Tonglin, SHAO Zhiyong, WANG Hong, ZHENG Jirong. Phenotypic characters and SRAP genetic diversity analysis of 37 pepper germplasm resources [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 300-310.
[4]	LI Can, YANG Ting, SUN Yiming, CHEN Hongliang, CUI Qi, SHEN Xiaoxia. Selection and evaluation of superior germplasm resources of Rubus chingii Hu [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 349-364.
[5]	QIN Douwen, LIU Weiqiang, TIAN Jiting, JU Xiuting. Establishment of cpDNA-PCR reaction system and genetic diversity analysis of Tulipa iliensis [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 78-89.
[6]	ZHANG Yuanyuan, FENG Juling, XIAO Jingfeng, GUAN Yu, LONG Chuer, YAO Lirong, MENG Yaxiong, SI Erjing, LI Baochun, MA Xiaole, WANG Huajun, ZHOU Xirong, LIU Meijin, WANG Juncheng. Genetic diversity and association analysis between agronomic traits and SSR markers in hulless barley [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 1977-1989.
[7]	DONG Lili, XU Zhihao, YAN Canlong, FAN Xiaoping, JIN Zelan, WANG Zhonghua. Molecular identification and genetic relationship of different breeding populations in Fritillaria thunbergii based on phenotype and molecular markers [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(8): 1719-1730.
[8]	HUANG Hui, CHU Tianjiang, XIE Nan, LIU Kai. Investigation on the genetic diversity of Sarcocheilichthys sinensis from diverse geographical populations and other species within the Sarcocheilichthys genus through the analysis of mitochondrial COI sequence segments [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(8): 1779-1788.
[9]	LI Qingchao, YANG Shan, ZHANG Dengfeng, LIU Jianxin, SUN Kaili, WU Xun. Phenotypic diversity of ear traits in 487 maize landraces [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1481-1491.
[10]	MA Li, LAN Yi, XIE Bingxin, ZHOU Chunlu, LUO Shuyuan, XU Wenkun, DONG Xinxing, YAN Dawei. Study of polymorphism in the VRTN gene and its association with production traits in (Duroc×Saba)♂×[Yorkshire×(Landrace×Saba)]♀ [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1502-1510.
[11]	WANG Baogen, CHEN Xiaoyang, WU Jian, LI Xiao, WANG Ying, WANG Jian, WU Xiaohua, LU Zhongfu, SUN Yuyan, DONG Wenqi, LI Guojing, WU Xinyi. Genetic diversity of cowpea landraces in Zhejiang Province, China [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1569-1582.
[12]	ZHU Yanyu, YU Wentao, GAO Shuilian, LYU Shuiyuan, WANG Pan, JIN Wanmin, GUI Wenjing, LIN Yi, YE Naixing. The diversity of tea germplasm resources and genetic relationship of ‘Tieguanyin’-derived varieties in Anxi, Fujian, China [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1591-1601.
[13]	HAN Qingyu, CHENG Linrun, LI Yuehong, QIU Zhiling, HOU Meng, LOU Binggan. Evaluation of resistance to foot rot and analysis of disease resistance related indexes of 60 sweet potato germplasm resources [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1616-1625.
[14]	XUE Xianbin, JIA Qiong, CHEN Zhengfeng, LI Ruiyuan, CHEN Qingfu, SHI Taoxiong. Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characteristics of recombinant inbred lines of Tartary buckwheat based on principal component analysis [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(4): 748-759.
[15]	CHAI Rongyao, YOU Yuxin, QIU Haiping, GUO Junning, ZHANG Zhen, LI Bin, SHEN Shengfa, WANG Yanli. Establishment of sweet potato stem rot resistance identification technology and analysis of germplasm resource resistance [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(3): 569-578.