Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230244

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 334-343.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230244

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

WANG Ying(), WANG Jian, FENG Zishan, WANG Baogen, WU Xinyi, LU Zhongfu, SUN Yuyan, DONG Wenqi, LI Guojing, WU Xiaohua^*()

Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-02-28 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-05

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for assessing fruit quality in bottle gourd for the purposes of quality evaluation, selection, and breeding. Data on 28 fruit quality related traits were collected from 206 bottle gourd germplasm collections. Correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and two-dimensional ordination mapping were conducted to develop a comprehensive evaluation formula for fruit quality in bottle gourd. The results indicated that the variations in the 28 fruit quality traits were different, ranging from 2.71% to 63.60%. The greatest difference was found in the free glutamate (Glu) content, while the least difference was observed in water content. The correlations among all bottle gourd quality indexes differed depending on the collection. Nine common factors were extracted from bottle gourd quality indexes with an 86.78% cumulative variance contribution rate through factor analysis. The first common factor explained the indices mainly concentrated in free amino acids, with a 38.46% cumulative variance contribution rate. Based on the results of comprehensive analysis and cluster analysis, flesh thickness, soluble solids content, hardness, Glu content, and protein content were selected as typical indices for evaluating the fruit quality of 206 bottle gourd germplasm collections. These findings provide valuable resources and a foundation for breeding high-quality bottle gourd.

Key words: bottle gourd, fruit quality, factor analysis, representative indexes, comprehensive evaluation

CLC Number:

S642

WANG Ying, WANG Jian, FENG Zishan, WANG Baogen, WU Xinyi, LU Zhongfu, SUN Yuyan, DONG Wenqi, LI Guojing, WU Xiaohua. Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(2): 334-343.

Figures/Tables 6

References 20

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品质指标Quality index	平均值Average	最大值Max	最小值Min	标准差SD	变异系数CV/%
瓜长Fruit length/cm	26.41	56.33	7.83	10.71	40.56
瓜横径Fruit diameter/cm	6.29	15.00	2.00	2.37	37.61
肉厚Flesh thickness/cm	1.00	2.13	0.47	0.28	28.13
单瓜重Single fruit weight/g	676.09	1650.50	188.33	249.55	36.91
含水量Water content	0.94	0.97	0.73	0.03	2.71
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content/%	2.36	6.13	0.23	1.05	44.35
硬度Hardness/N	3.58	11.57	1.03	1.75	48.95
蛋白质含量Protein content/(mg·L^-1)	13.30	23.68	7.02	3.11	23.36
天冬氨酸含量Asp content/(μg·g^-1)	84.41	271.60	23.14	38.27	45.34
苏氨酸含量Thr content/(μg·g^-1)	470.87	990.89	115.39	173.27	36.80
丝氨酸含量Ser content/(μg·g^-1)	50.70	112.78	19.40	17.11	33.75
谷氨酸含量Glu content/(μg·g^-1)	141.32	581.04	25.03	89.88	63.60
甘氨酸含量Gly content/(μg·g^-1)	16.58	44.94	4.93	6.04	36.43
丙氨酸含量Ala content/(μg·g^-1)	48.65	127.25	13.94	19.39	39.85
半胱氨酸含量Cys content/(μg·g^-1)	4.43	17.66	1.00	2.42	54.67
缬氨酸含量Val content/(μg·g^-1)	40.83	103.93	15.11	15.41	37.73
蛋氨酸含量Met content/(μg·g^-1)	7.45	27.98	0.55	3.85	51.70
异亮氨酸含量Ile content/(μg·g^-1)	32.48	66.23	11.81	11.96	36.83
亮氨酸含量Leu content/(μg·g^-1)	37.39	92.20	12.19	14.31	38.28
酪氨酸含量Tyr content/(μg·g^-1)	24.52	75.24	7.51	10.75	43.82
苯丙氨酸含量Phe content/(μg·g^-1)	58.46	163.07	21.39	21.50	36.79
γ-氨基丁酸含量GABA content/(μg·g^-1)	59.00	259.60	10.37	29.20	49.50
赖氨酸含量Lys content/(μg·g^-1)	27.94	75.60	10.22	10.67	38.21
游离氨含量NH₃ content/(μg·g^-1)	15.74	60.64	3.42	7.91	50.26
组氨酸含量His content/(μg·g^-1)	16.49	43.82	5.80	6.69	40.53
精氨酸含量Arg content/(μg·g^-1)	78.55	284.66	20.14	35.94	45.76
脯氨酸含量Pro content/(μg·g^-1)	13.76	42.66	1.90	7.37	53.55
总氨基酸含量Total amino acids content/(μg·g^-1)	1 229.56	2 783.23	447.45	417.14	33.93

品质指标Quality index	平均值Average	最大值Max	最小值Min	标准差SD	变异系数CV/%
瓜长Fruit length/cm	26.41	56.33	7.83	10.71	40.56
瓜横径Fruit diameter/cm	6.29	15.00	2.00	2.37	37.61
肉厚Flesh thickness/cm	1.00	2.13	0.47	0.28	28.13
单瓜重Single fruit weight/g	676.09	1650.50	188.33	249.55	36.91
含水量Water content	0.94	0.97	0.73	0.03	2.71
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content/%	2.36	6.13	0.23	1.05	44.35
硬度Hardness/N	3.58	11.57	1.03	1.75	48.95
蛋白质含量Protein content/(mg·L^-1)	13.30	23.68	7.02	3.11	23.36
天冬氨酸含量Asp content/(μg·g^-1)	84.41	271.60	23.14	38.27	45.34
苏氨酸含量Thr content/(μg·g^-1)	470.87	990.89	115.39	173.27	36.80
丝氨酸含量Ser content/(μg·g^-1)	50.70	112.78	19.40	17.11	33.75
谷氨酸含量Glu content/(μg·g^-1)	141.32	581.04	25.03	89.88	63.60
甘氨酸含量Gly content/(μg·g^-1)	16.58	44.94	4.93	6.04	36.43
丙氨酸含量Ala content/(μg·g^-1)	48.65	127.25	13.94	19.39	39.85
半胱氨酸含量Cys content/(μg·g^-1)	4.43	17.66	1.00	2.42	54.67
缬氨酸含量Val content/(μg·g^-1)	40.83	103.93	15.11	15.41	37.73
蛋氨酸含量Met content/(μg·g^-1)	7.45	27.98	0.55	3.85	51.70
异亮氨酸含量Ile content/(μg·g^-1)	32.48	66.23	11.81	11.96	36.83
亮氨酸含量Leu content/(μg·g^-1)	37.39	92.20	12.19	14.31	38.28
酪氨酸含量Tyr content/(μg·g^-1)	24.52	75.24	7.51	10.75	43.82
苯丙氨酸含量Phe content/(μg·g^-1)	58.46	163.07	21.39	21.50	36.79
γ-氨基丁酸含量GABA content/(μg·g^-1)	59.00	259.60	10.37	29.20	49.50
赖氨酸含量Lys content/(μg·g^-1)	27.94	75.60	10.22	10.67	38.21
游离氨含量NH₃ content/(μg·g^-1)	15.74	60.64	3.42	7.91	50.26
组氨酸含量His content/(μg·g^-1)	16.49	43.82	5.80	6.69	40.53
精氨酸含量Arg content/(μg·g^-1)	78.55	284.66	20.14	35.94	45.76
脯氨酸含量Pro content/(μg·g^-1)	13.76	42.66	1.90	7.37	53.55
总氨基酸含量Total amino acids content/(μg·g^-1)	1 229.56	2 783.23	447.45	417.14	33.93

性状Traits	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	F₆	F₇	F₈	F₉
瓜长Fruit length	-0.004	-0.908	0.197	-0.044	-0.013	-0.035	0.160	0.044	-0.127
瓜横径Fruit diameter	-0.124	0.285	-0.829	0.061	-0.050	0.000	-0.058	-0.200	0.038
肉厚Flesh thickness	-0.163	0.108	-0.830	-0.114	0.016	-0.192	-0.087	0.122	-0.168
单瓜重Single fruit weight	-0.329	-0.283	-0.702	0.028	-0.220	-0.125	0.062	-0.080	-0.243
含水量Water content	0.035	0.053	-0.060	-0.078	-0.190	-0.034	0.190	-0.864	-0.225
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content	0.090	0.018	0.108	-0.028	0.929	0.076	-0.061	0.145	-0.026
硬度Hardness	0.248	0.350	0.136	0.093	0.144	0.173	-0.193	0.209	0.842
蛋白质含量Protein content	0.141	-0.176	0.087	0.015	-0.068	0.128	0.882	-0.168	-0.055
Asp	0.418	0.065	0.296	0.028	-0.118	-0.122	0.126	0.169	0.520
Thr	0.850	0.052	0.019	0.159	-0.015	-0.026	0.177	-0.139	-0.187
Ser	0.632	0.123	0.193	0.205	0.024	0.096	0.137	0.095	0.221
Glu	0.841	0.283	0.201	0.288	-0.062	-0.053	0.238	0.092	0.361
Gly	0.801	0.282	0.033	0.294	-0.111	0.153	0.080	0.053	-0.055
Ala	0.749	-0.113	0.077	0.183	-0.097	0.240	-0.010	0.125	0.351
Cys	0.311	0.038	0.255	0.014	0.130	0.788	0.192	0.018	0.042
Val	0.850	0.030	0.269	-0.082	0.066	0.133	0.070	0.089	0.339
Met	0.677	0.249	0.064	-0.049	-0.162	0.429	-0.104	0.241	0.118
Ile	0.890	-0.098	0.231	-0.122	0.073	0.042	0.057	-0.038	0.143
Leu	0.838	0.037	0.259	-0.158	0.027	0.160	0.007	0.191	0.331
Tyr	0.771	0.005	0.144	-0.070	0.145	0.343	-0.142	0.148	0.327
Phe	0.754	-0.247	0.126	-0.020	0.215	0.237	-0.196	-0.052	0.322
GABA	0.538	0.010	-0.071	0.223	-0.039	0.224	-0.195	0.133	0.658
Lys	0.625	0.221	0.320	-0.247	-0.009	0.218	0.107	0.360	0.334
NH₃	0.560	0.111	0.055	0.605	-0.060	0.005	0.020	0.097	0.196
His	0.884	-0.044	0.102	0.034	0.160	0.148	-0.044	-0.072	0.238
Arg	0.742	-0.103	0.070	0.080	0.185	-0.106	0.033	-0.052	0.478
Pro	0.480	0.111	0.219	-0.314	-0.142	0.034	0.029	0.400	0.539
总氨基酸含量Total amino acid content	0.913	0.083	0.144	0.160	-0.004	0.040	0.126	0.022	0.258

性状Traits	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	F₆	F₇	F₈	F₉
瓜长Fruit length	-0.004	-0.908	0.197	-0.044	-0.013	-0.035	0.160	0.044	-0.127
瓜横径Fruit diameter	-0.124	0.285	-0.829	0.061	-0.050	0.000	-0.058	-0.200	0.038
肉厚Flesh thickness	-0.163	0.108	-0.830	-0.114	0.016	-0.192	-0.087	0.122	-0.168
单瓜重Single fruit weight	-0.329	-0.283	-0.702	0.028	-0.220	-0.125	0.062	-0.080	-0.243
含水量Water content	0.035	0.053	-0.060	-0.078	-0.190	-0.034	0.190	-0.864	-0.225
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solids content	0.090	0.018	0.108	-0.028	0.929	0.076	-0.061	0.145	-0.026
硬度Hardness	0.248	0.350	0.136	0.093	0.144	0.173	-0.193	0.209	0.842
蛋白质含量Protein content	0.141	-0.176	0.087	0.015	-0.068	0.128	0.882	-0.168	-0.055
Asp	0.418	0.065	0.296	0.028	-0.118	-0.122	0.126	0.169	0.520
Thr	0.850	0.052	0.019	0.159	-0.015	-0.026	0.177	-0.139	-0.187
Ser	0.632	0.123	0.193	0.205	0.024	0.096	0.137	0.095	0.221
Glu	0.841	0.283	0.201	0.288	-0.062	-0.053	0.238	0.092	0.361
Gly	0.801	0.282	0.033	0.294	-0.111	0.153	0.080	0.053	-0.055
Ala	0.749	-0.113	0.077	0.183	-0.097	0.240	-0.010	0.125	0.351
Cys	0.311	0.038	0.255	0.014	0.130	0.788	0.192	0.018	0.042
Val	0.850	0.030	0.269	-0.082	0.066	0.133	0.070	0.089	0.339
Met	0.677	0.249	0.064	-0.049	-0.162	0.429	-0.104	0.241	0.118
Ile	0.890	-0.098	0.231	-0.122	0.073	0.042	0.057	-0.038	0.143
Leu	0.838	0.037	0.259	-0.158	0.027	0.160	0.007	0.191	0.331
Tyr	0.771	0.005	0.144	-0.070	0.145	0.343	-0.142	0.148	0.327
Phe	0.754	-0.247	0.126	-0.020	0.215	0.237	-0.196	-0.052	0.322
GABA	0.538	0.010	-0.071	0.223	-0.039	0.224	-0.195	0.133	0.658
Lys	0.625	0.221	0.320	-0.247	-0.009	0.218	0.107	0.360	0.334
NH₃	0.560	0.111	0.055	0.605	-0.060	0.005	0.020	0.097	0.196
His	0.884	-0.044	0.102	0.034	0.160	0.148	-0.044	-0.072	0.238
Arg	0.742	-0.103	0.070	0.080	0.185	-0.106	0.033	-0.052	0.478
Pro	0.480	0.111	0.219	-0.314	-0.142	0.034	0.029	0.400	0.539
总氨基酸含量Total amino acid content	0.913	0.083	0.144	0.160	-0.004	0.040	0.126	0.022	0.258

样品Sample	Y值Y value	样品Sample	Y值Y value	样品Sample	Y值Y value	样品Sample	Y值Y value
Z-1	40.06	Z-53	-27.63	Z-105	49.83	Z-159	74.37
Z-2	33.34	Z-54	-27.72	Z-106	-25.89	Z-160	69.21
Z-3	6.83	Z-55	-60.12	Z-107	12.92	Z-161	46.97
Z-4	25.47	Z-56	-30.21	Z-108	0.08	Z-163	49.40
Z-5	50.73	Z-57	-61.35	Z-109	51.97	Z-164	-0.32
Z-6	11.23	Z-58	-30.61	Z-110	31.50	Z-165	-50.85
Z-7	-19.55	Z-59	47.07	Z-111	-21.26	Z-166	56.07
Z-8	-20.07	Z-60	10.78	Z-112	16.24	Z-167	8.89
Z-9	11.73	Z-61	-17.89	Z-113	86.32	Z-168	38.45
Z-10	-1.83	Z-62	8.05	Z-115	-27.79	Z-169	40.45
Z-11	53.20	Z-63	37.08	Z-116	34.10	Z-170	-46.07
Z-12	43.96	Z-64	-2.11	Z-117	7.55	Z-171	-9.55
Z-13	15.13	Z-65	-64.46	Z-118	-8.92	Z-172	-31.68
Z-14	-21.80	Z-66	-9.44	Z-119	143.65	Z-173	-3.90
Z-15	89.85	Z-67	7.67	Z-120	43.19	Z-174	-0.12
Z-16	3.64	Z-68	-12.46	Z-121	36.14	Z-175	0.32
Z-17	-27.04	Z-69	-62.57	Z-122	97.71	Z-176	-36.56
Z-18	22.14	Z-70	-2.67	Z-123	-5.38	Z-177	-20.12
Z-19	-20.58	Z-71	-5.82	Z-124	95.44	Z-178	7.25
Z-20	-25.38	Z-72	-7.77	Z-125	60.91	Z-179	26.90
Z-21	21.00	Z-73	-60.53	Z-126	166.76	Z-180	-36.75
Z-22	28.18	Z-74	-31.73	Z-127	142.21	Z-181	-11.67
Z-23	42.87	Z-75	-63.79	Z-128	6.27	Z-182	-30.90
Z-24	2.99	Z-76	-6.41	Z-129	26.63	Z-183	-44.71
Z-25	48.07	Z-77	18.18	Z-130	-13.06	Z-184	-0.75
Z-26	-5.73	Z-78	51.90	Z-131	2.18	Z-185	-50.67
Z-27	-36.14	Z-79	-57.68	Z-132	20.01	Z-186	6.18
Z-28	-38.76	Z-80	-38.73	Z-133	-16.23	Z-187	-7.80
Z-29	-9.24	Z-81	-40.66	Z-134	44.13	Z-188	-29.27
Z-30	17.12	Z-82	-36.26	Z-135	-43.98	Z-189	-38.92
Z-31	5.75	Z-83	-3.16	Z-136	12.17	Z-190	-62.86
Z-32	-38.88	Z-84	-26.40	Z-137	69.63	Z-191	42.34
Z-33	-28.50	Z-85	-45.44	Z-139	-50.96	Z-192	-51.97
Z-34	-31.97	Z-86	-33.86	Z-140	44.67	Z-193	22.47
Z-35	33.06	Z-87	-40.42	Z-141	-30.16	Z-194	-29.94
Z-36	-25.58	Z-88	-50.28	Z-142	-76.31	Z-195	3.70
Z-37	-14.15	Z-89	-35.28	Z-143	-38.07	Z-196	-8.76
Z-38	-68.44	Z-90	30.74	Z-144	38.09	Z-197	75.59
Z-39	-13.25	Z-91	-46.91	Z-145	3.80	Z-198	-40.50
Z-40	-74.50	Z-92	-36.99	Z-146	-15.64	Z-200	-2.07
Z-41	-54.76	Z-93	-53.14	Z-147	-0.58	Z-201	25.12
Z-42	38.22	Z-94	-24.51	Z-148	11.43	Z-202	-29.60
Z-43	-39.83	Z-95	-15.58	Z-149	-34.52	Z-203	-49.73
Z-44	-26.53	Z-96	0.00	Z-150	-30.85	Z-204	-43.06
Z-45	11.46	Z-97	11.77	Z-151	7.15	Z-205	17.89
Z-46	-4.85	Z-98	-14.60	Z-152	53.81	Z-206	50.08

Factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

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