Abstract: Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils has been considered as a green and eco-friendly remediation technique. However， this technique needs significant improvements to become practically feasible. In this paper， three adverse factors of phytoremediation， pollution risk， low efficiency and high cost of remediation， were systematically discussed. Furthermore， corresponding countermeasures of improving phytoremediation efficiency aimed at the above three disadvantages were proposed.

Key words: phytoremediation, heavy metals, efficiency, risk, costing