Screening of proportions and molding conditions of seeding substrate with straw and organic fertilizer

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231165

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 1856-1866.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231165

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Screening of proportions and molding conditions of seeding substrate with straw and organic fertilizer

SHAO Yaxu¹^,²(), LIU Tao¹^,², WANG Shicheng¹^,², YAN Lei¹^,²^,^*()

1. Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Resource Utilization of Agricultural Waste in Cold Areas, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
2. Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Northeast Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2023-10-07 Online:2024-08-25 Published:2024-09-06
Contact: YAN Lei

Abstract

Abstract:

Substrate is one of the effective ways to realize the resource utilization of agricultural wastes. To improve the rice seedlings raising effect of substrate, the mixture design experiment was carried out with corn straw and organic fertilizer as the main raw materials, the best formula for rice seedling substrate was obtained by assaying the rice seedling index under different treatments; and the substrate molding technology was optimized by response surface experiment to obtain high-quality seedling substrate products. The results showed that crushing straw could significantly (P<0.05) improve the total porosity and bulk density of the substrate, and increase the seedling index, and organic fertilizer could significantly (P<0.001) increase the dry weight accumulation of seedlings. The optimized seedling substrate contained 24.84% (volume fraction) of the garden soil, 65.78% (volume fraction) of the straw, and 9.38% (volume fraction) of the organic fertilizer. The optimization results of the substrate molding technology showed that the matrix with moisture content greater than 40% was more difficult to be formed, and the pressure appeared a significant effect on the quality of the substrate. The optimal parameters of rice substrate molding were moisture content of 15.099%, pressure of 18.401 kN, and pressure holding time of 4.719 min. The seedling index of rice substrate obtained by using the above-mentioned optimal substrate formula was 49.02% higher than that of conventional garden soil, and the breakage rate of substrate obtained by the optimal molding technology was less than 0.3%.

Key words: agricultural organic waste, substrate, rice seedling substrate, response surface, substrate molding technology

CLC Number:

S511

SHAO Yaxu, LIU Tao, WANG Shicheng, YAN Lei. Screening of proportions and molding conditions of seeding substrate with straw and organic fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(8): 1856-1866.

Figures/Tables 10

References 34

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处理 Treatment	体积分数Volume fraction/%
处理 Treatment	土 Soil	秸秆 Straw	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
T1	30.0	70.0	0
T2	22.5	70.0	7.5
T3	27.5	60.0	12.5
T4	30.0	55.0	15.0
T5	30.0	60.0	10.0
T6	22.5	62.5	15.0
T7	15.0	70.0	15.0
T8	30.0	62.5	7.5
T9	30.0	55.0	15.0
T10	20.0	67.5	12.5
T11	25.0	65.0	10.0
T12	22.5	70.0	7.5
T13	15.0	70.0	15.0
T14	30.0	65.0	5.0
T15	22.5	62.5	15.0
T16	30.0	70.0	0
对照 CK	100	0	0

处理 Treatment	体积分数Volume fraction/%
处理 Treatment	土 Soil	秸秆 Straw	有机肥 Organic fertilizer
T1	30.0	70.0	0
T2	22.5	70.0	7.5
T3	27.5	60.0	12.5
T4	30.0	55.0	15.0
T5	30.0	60.0	10.0
T6	22.5	62.5	15.0
T7	15.0	70.0	15.0
T8	30.0	62.5	7.5
T9	30.0	55.0	15.0
T10	20.0	67.5	12.5
T11	25.0	65.0	10.0
T12	22.5	70.0	7.5
T13	15.0	70.0	15.0
T14	30.0	65.0	5.0
T15	22.5	62.5	15.0
T16	30.0	70.0	0
对照 CK	100	0	0

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙度 Ventilation porosity/%	持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity/%	通气/持水 Ventilation/water holding
T1	0.36±0.03 ef	69.68±2.15 c	24.47±0.57 b	45.21±1.76 e	0.54
T2	0.32±0.03 f	71.94±1.69 b	22.12±0.57 cd	49.82±1.49 d	0.44
T3	0.24±0.02 gh	62.44±1.32 fg	18.47±0.89 gh	43.97±1.15 ef	0.42
T4	0.45±0.05 c	56.27±2.46 i	26.31±1.06 a	29.96±2.00 h	0.88
T5	0.39±0.04 de	63.85±1.11 f	20.71±0.94 e	43.14±0.73 f	0.48
T6	0.26±0.02 g	64.17±1.20 f	11.88±0.99 k	52.29±0.54 bc	0.23
T7	0.21±0.02 h	75.28±1.60 a	19.29±1.52 fg	55.99±1.04 a	0.34
T8	0.35±0.04 ef	69.25±1.31 cd	17.53±1.35 hi	51.72±0.69 c	0.34
T9	0.41±0.03 cd	52.28±1.87 j	22.71±0.70 c	29.57±1.43 h	0.77
T10	0.26±0.03 g	67.70±1.44 de	11.52±1.03 k	56.18±1.12 a	0.21
T11	0.28±0.04 g	66.64±1.93 e	13.18±1.42 j	53.46±1.03 b	0.25
T12	0.25±0.03 gh	73.49±1.56 ab	17.77±1.24 fg	55.72±1.02 a	0.32
T13	0.26±0.04 g	74.32±0.95 a	23.18±0.97 c	51.14±0.75 cd	0.45
T14	0.32±0.03 f	61.79±1.67 g	21.06±0.99 de	40.73±1.28 g	0.52
T15	0.32±0.04 f	59.63±1.82 h	17.08±1.25 i	42.55±0.98 f	0.40
T16	0.59±0.05 b	72.13±1.05 b	20.32±0.90 ef	51.81±0.43 c	0.39
对照 CK	0.82±0.05 a	45.85±1.55 k	4.94±0.43 l	40.91±1.64 g	0.12

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙度 Ventilation porosity/%	持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity/%	通气/持水 Ventilation/water holding
T1	0.36±0.03 ef	69.68±2.15 c	24.47±0.57 b	45.21±1.76 e	0.54
T2	0.32±0.03 f	71.94±1.69 b	22.12±0.57 cd	49.82±1.49 d	0.44
T3	0.24±0.02 gh	62.44±1.32 fg	18.47±0.89 gh	43.97±1.15 ef	0.42
T4	0.45±0.05 c	56.27±2.46 i	26.31±1.06 a	29.96±2.00 h	0.88
T5	0.39±0.04 de	63.85±1.11 f	20.71±0.94 e	43.14±0.73 f	0.48
T6	0.26±0.02 g	64.17±1.20 f	11.88±0.99 k	52.29±0.54 bc	0.23
T7	0.21±0.02 h	75.28±1.60 a	19.29±1.52 fg	55.99±1.04 a	0.34
T8	0.35±0.04 ef	69.25±1.31 cd	17.53±1.35 hi	51.72±0.69 c	0.34
T9	0.41±0.03 cd	52.28±1.87 j	22.71±0.70 c	29.57±1.43 h	0.77
T10	0.26±0.03 g	67.70±1.44 de	11.52±1.03 k	56.18±1.12 a	0.21
T11	0.28±0.04 g	66.64±1.93 e	13.18±1.42 j	53.46±1.03 b	0.25
T12	0.25±0.03 gh	73.49±1.56 ab	17.77±1.24 fg	55.72±1.02 a	0.32
T13	0.26±0.04 g	74.32±0.95 a	23.18±0.97 c	51.14±0.75 cd	0.45
T14	0.32±0.03 f	61.79±1.67 g	21.06±0.99 de	40.73±1.28 g	0.52
T15	0.32±0.04 f	59.63±1.82 h	17.08±1.25 i	42.55±0.98 f	0.40
T16	0.59±0.05 b	72.13±1.05 b	20.32±0.90 ef	51.81±0.43 c	0.39
对照 CK	0.82±0.05 a	45.85±1.55 k	4.94±0.43 l	40.91±1.64 g	0.12

处理组 Treatment	叶龄 Leaf age	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	百株地上干重 Aboveground dry weight of 100 plants/g
T1	3.5	18.56±1.98 ab	1.94±0.13 bc	1.81±0.06 d
T2	4.0	20.11±1.39 a	2.03±0.11 abc	2.06±0.10 c
T3	4.0	19.35±1.86 ab	2.02±0.13 abc	2.50±0.10 a
T4	3.5	19.83±1.33 a	2.01±0.12 abc	2.07±0.07 c
T5	4.0	19.78±1.82 a	1.95±0.11 abc	1.59±0.06 e
T6	3.0	18.83±1.38 ab	2.08±0.15 ab	1.50±0.10 ef
T7	3.5	19.07±1.59 ab	2.02±0.12 abc	1.60±0.06 e
T8	4.0	19.62±1.47 a	1.93±0.14 c	1.43±0.07 f
T9	3.0	19.34±1.61 ab	2.01±0.14 abc	2.45±0.08 a
T10	3.5	20.26±1.20 a	1.96±0.13 abc	2.32±0.08 b
T11	3.5	19.11±1.90 ab	2.06±0.12 abc	2.48±0.07 a
T12	3.5	19.22±1.69 ab	2.00±0.14 abc	2.45±0.11 a
T13	4.0	19.54±1.64 a	2.06±0.11 abc	2.04±0.06 c
T14	3.5	19.37±1.92 ab	2.05±0.15 abc	2.03±0.06 c
T15	3.0	19.21±1.71 ab	1.98±0.12 abc	2.30±0.08 b
T16	4.0	19.35±1.55 ab	2.09±0.14 a	2.28±0.13 b
对照 CK	3.0	17.58±0.53 b	1.94±0.08 abc	2.24±0.15 b

Screening of proportions and molding conditions of seeding substrate with straw and organic fertilizer

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处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0

处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0

处理 Treatment	根长 Root length/cm	根数 Number of roots/piece	百株地下干重 Underground dry weight of 100 plants/g
T1	9.54±1.44 a	8.4±1.4 a	1.61±0.14 cdef
T2	9.54±0.96 a	9.1±1.3 a	1.55±0.17 def
T3	9.30±0.91 a	9.0±1.5 a	1.55±0.11 def
T4	9.77±0.80 a	9.1±1.0 a	1.67±0.06 bcd
T5	9.14±1.04 a	8.9±1.5 a	1.49±0.15 f
T6	9.31±1.20 a	9.3±1.1 a	1.51±0.12 f
T7	9.62±1.17 a	9.4±1.6 a	1.82±0.17 ab
T8	9.42±0.89 a	8.3±1.3 a	1.82±0.13 a
T9	9.15±1.07 a	9.2±1.5 a	1.48±0.17 f
T10	9.74±1.02 a	8.6±1.4 a	1.53±0.13 def
T11	9.48±1.24 a	8.5±1.4 a	1.86±0.09 a
T12	9.44±1.22 a	8.8±1.6 a	1.52±0.12 ef
T13	9.27±0.76 a	8.3±1.1 a	1.71±0.08 abc
T14	9.24±1.05 a	9.5±1.2 a	1.66±0.06 cde
T15	9.36±0.96 a	9.0±1.6 a	1.61±0.11 cdef
T16	9.44±0.93 a	9.3±1.3 a	1.73±0.09 abc
对照 CK	9.29±0.13 a	8.3±1.3 a	1.51±0.15 ef

差异源 Source of difference	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	方差 Variance	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	2.380 0	9	0.264 1	75.68	<0.000 1
A含水率Water retention	0.143 9	1	0.140 0	41.24	<0.000 1
B压力Pressure	1.660 0	1	1.660 0	474.36	<0.000 1
C保压时间Pressing time	0.004 9	1	0.004 9	1.40	0.264 1
AB	0.071 8	1	0.071 8	20.57	0.001 1
AC	0.015 4	1	0.015 4	4.40	0.062 3
BC	0.020 1	1	0.020 1	5.75	0.037 5
A²	0.000 1	1	0.000 1	0.04	0.856 3
B²	0.325 6	1	0.325 6	93.32	<0.000 1
C²	0.003 5	1	0.003 5	1.01	0.339 7
残差Residuals	0.034 9	10	0.003 5
失拟项Missing items	0.018 0	5	0.003 6	1.06	0.473 4
误差Error	0.016 9	5	0.003 4
总和Sum	2.410 0	19

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处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0

处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0

处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0

处理 Treatment	含水率 Moisture content/%	压力 Pressure/kN	保压时间 Pressing time/min
1	10	15	5.0
2	20	5	5.0
3	20	25	5.0
4	15	5	3.0
5	20	15	4.0
6	10	25	4.0
7	5	5	5.0
8	0	20	3.0
9	10	15	3.0
10	15	20	3.5
11	0	5	4.0
12	10	15	5.0
13	5	10	3.5
14	15	10	4.5
15	10	25	4.0
16	10	25	4.0