Comparison of leaf and seed quality of different varieties (strains) of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ in Zhejiang Province, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240475

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 365-380.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240475

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comparison of leaf and seed quality of different varieties (strains) of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ in Zhejiang Province, China

JIANG Zhengchu¹(), HAO Qichun¹, LI Yi¹, WANG Junxin², LIAO Longjian³, XIE Qiandan¹, YU Chenliang¹, YU Weiwu¹, CHEN Rong¹^,^*()

1. The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Agriculture and Rural Bureau in Lin’an District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311399, China
3. Qunju Family Farm in Fengshuling Town of Chun’an, Chun’an 311700, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-06-04 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: CHEN Rong

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the differences in leaf and seed quality among different varieties (strains) of Torreya grandis in Zhejiang, this study focused on 12 different varieties (strains) of T. grandi grown under the same environment and site conditions. Physiological indicators such as leaf phenotype, seed and fruit appearance, and nutritional quality were measured. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted on the data, and a quality evaluation model for the seeds of these 12 varieties (strains) was established. The results showed that the leaf length of the 12 T. grandis varieties (strains) ranged from 15.239 mm to 21.322 mm, with Pan’an Changfei having the longest leaves; leaf width ranged from 2.691 mm to 3.775 mm, with Changzi Xiangya having the narrowest leaves. The kernel yield varied from 45.737% to 79.481%, with Xiangya having the highest yield; oil content ranged from 40.702% to 54.284%, with Zaoyuan having the highest oil content. Soluble protein content ranged from 15.321 mg·g^-1 to 32.079 mg·g^-1, with Longfeng Xifei having the highest content; unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 83.384% to 90.540%, with Dongfei No.1 having the highest content; linoleic acid content ranged from 41.394% to 48.170%, with Dongfei No.2 having the highest content; and junceic acid content ranged from 7.850% to 12.963%, with Anyuan having the highest content. After principal component analysis, five principal component factors were extracted, and a quality evaluation model for T. grandis seeds was established. Based on all indicators, the ranking among varieties (strains) was: Zaoyuan>Longfeng Xifei>Anyuan>Dongfei No.2>Liqin Xifei>Xiangya>Dongfei No.1>Xiaozi Xiangya>Pan’an Changfei>Yuansu>Changzi Xiangya>Dongbaizhu. The research results can lay the foundation for the selection and breeding of stable and high-yielding new varieties of T. grandis, thereby better protecting and utilizing the germplasm resources of T. grandis.

Key words: Torreya grandis, variety (line), leaf, seed, nutritional component

CLC Number:

JIANG Zhengchu, HAO Qichun, LI Yi, WANG Junxin, LIAO Longjian, XIE Qiandan, YU Chenliang, YU Weiwu, CHEN Rong. Comparison of leaf and seed quality of different varieties (strains) of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 365-380.

Figures/Tables 10

References 37

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类型 Type	序号 No.	名称 Name
品种 Variety	1	早缘榧(浙R-SV-TG-0009-2018) Zaoyuan (Zhe R-SV-TG-0009-2018)
	2	小籽象牙榧(浙S-SV-TG-007-2021) Xiaozi Xiangya (Zhe S-SV-TG-007-2021)
	3	立勤细榧(浙R-SV-TG-011-2018) Liqin Xifei(Zhe R-SV-TG-011-2018)
	4	东白珠(浙R-SV-TG-006-2016) Dongbaizhu (Zhe R-SV-TG-006-2016)
	5	象牙榧(浙R-SC-TG-007-2006) Xiangya (Zhe R-SC-TG-007-2006)
	6	龙凤细榧(浙S-SV-TG-006-2017) Longfeng Xifei (Zhe S-SV-TG-006-2017)
	7	东榧1号(浙S-SV-TG-005-2017) Dongfei No.1 (Zhe S-SV-TG-005-2017)
	8	东榧2号(浙R-SV-TG-003-2008) Dongfei No.2 (Zhe R-SV-TG-003-2008)
	9	磐安长榧(授权新品种) Pan’an Changfei (Licensed new variety)
无性系Clone	10	长籽象牙榧Changzi Xiangya
	11	圆酥榧Yuansu
	12	安圆榧Anyuan

类型 Type	序号 No.	名称 Name
品种 Variety	1	早缘榧(浙R-SV-TG-0009-2018) Zaoyuan (Zhe R-SV-TG-0009-2018)
	2	小籽象牙榧(浙S-SV-TG-007-2021) Xiaozi Xiangya (Zhe S-SV-TG-007-2021)
	3	立勤细榧(浙R-SV-TG-011-2018) Liqin Xifei(Zhe R-SV-TG-011-2018)
	4	东白珠(浙R-SV-TG-006-2016) Dongbaizhu (Zhe R-SV-TG-006-2016)
	5	象牙榧(浙R-SC-TG-007-2006) Xiangya (Zhe R-SC-TG-007-2006)
	6	龙凤细榧(浙S-SV-TG-006-2017) Longfeng Xifei (Zhe S-SV-TG-006-2017)
	7	东榧1号(浙S-SV-TG-005-2017) Dongfei No.1 (Zhe S-SV-TG-005-2017)
	8	东榧2号(浙R-SV-TG-003-2008) Dongfei No.2 (Zhe R-SV-TG-003-2008)
	9	磐安长榧(授权新品种) Pan’an Changfei (Licensed new variety)
无性系Clone	10	长籽象牙榧Changzi Xiangya
	11	圆酥榧Yuansu
	12	安圆榧Anyuan

指标 Index	叶片长度 Leaf length	叶片宽度 Leaf width	叶形指数 Leaf shape index	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness	叶片弯曲度 Leaf curvature	枝粗 Diameter of stem
果形指数Fruit shape index	0.245	-0.111	0.363	0.281	0.078	0.439
单果重Single fruit weight	-0.287	0.452	-0.705^*	-0.377	-0.425	0.104
核形指数Core shape index	0.288	-0.069	0.364	0.317	0.041	0.481
单核质量Single core weight	-0.589^*	0.159	-0.716^**	-0.533	-0.211	-0.343
仁形指数Kernel index	0.318	-0.080	0.408	0.322	0.031	0.503
单仁质量Single kernel weight	0.254	0.424	-0.145	0.223	-0.093	-0.010
出核率Core exit ratio	-0.339	-0.384	0.039	-0.161	0.289	-0.540
出仁率Kernel fruit ratio	0.545	0.260	0.269	0.479	0.064	0.284
油脂含量Oil content	0.564	0.508	0.099	0.529	-0.515	0.684^*
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	0.246	0.304	-0.052	0.393	-0.393	0.116
淀粉含量Starch content	0.290	0.145	0.096	0.197	0.049	0.331
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.318	0.590^*	-0.286	0.276	-0.342	0.727^**
棕榈酸含量Palmitic acid content	0.304	0.016	0.198	0.411	0.545	-0.661^*
硬脂酸含量Stearic acid content	0.455	-0.332	0.766^**	0.343	0.354	-0.123
油酸含量Oleic acid content	-0.192	-0.265	0.128	-0.434	-0.075	0.215
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	-0.512	-0.107	-0.419	-0.297	-0.107	-0.100
亚麻酸含量Linolenic acid content	-0.372	-0.034	-0.342	-0.163	0.078	-0.681^*
二十碳-烯酸含量Eicosanoenoic acid content	-0.329	-0.123	-0.201	-0.330	-0.276	0.303
二十碳二烯酸含量Eicosadienoic acid content	-0.703^*	-0.361	-0.368	-0.662^*	0.233	-0.495
金松酸含量Gemaric acid content	-0.676^*	-0.050	-0.599^*	-0.471	-0.152	-0.500
饱和脂肪酸含量Saturated fatty acids content	0.360	-0.030	0.300	0.450	0.582^*	-0.663^*
不饱和脂肪酸含量Unsaturated fatty acid content	-0.457	0.045	-0.421	-0.454	-0.633^*	0.603^*

指标 Index	叶片长度 Leaf length	叶片宽度 Leaf width	叶形指数 Leaf shape index	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness	叶片弯曲度 Leaf curvature	枝粗 Diameter of stem
果形指数Fruit shape index	0.245	-0.111	0.363	0.281	0.078	0.439
单果重Single fruit weight	-0.287	0.452	-0.705^*	-0.377	-0.425	0.104
核形指数Core shape index	0.288	-0.069	0.364	0.317	0.041	0.481
单核质量Single core weight	-0.589^*	0.159	-0.716^**	-0.533	-0.211	-0.343
仁形指数Kernel index	0.318	-0.080	0.408	0.322	0.031	0.503
单仁质量Single kernel weight	0.254	0.424	-0.145	0.223	-0.093	-0.010
出核率Core exit ratio	-0.339	-0.384	0.039	-0.161	0.289	-0.540
出仁率Kernel fruit ratio	0.545	0.260	0.269	0.479	0.064	0.284
油脂含量Oil content	0.564	0.508	0.099	0.529	-0.515	0.684^*
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	0.246	0.304	-0.052	0.393	-0.393	0.116
淀粉含量Starch content	0.290	0.145	0.096	0.197	0.049	0.331
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.318	0.590^*	-0.286	0.276	-0.342	0.727^**
棕榈酸含量Palmitic acid content	0.304	0.016	0.198	0.411	0.545	-0.661^*
硬脂酸含量Stearic acid content	0.455	-0.332	0.766^**	0.343	0.354	-0.123
油酸含量Oleic acid content	-0.192	-0.265	0.128	-0.434	-0.075	0.215
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	-0.512	-0.107	-0.419	-0.297	-0.107	-0.100
亚麻酸含量Linolenic acid content	-0.372	-0.034	-0.342	-0.163	0.078	-0.681^*
二十碳-烯酸含量Eicosanoenoic acid content	-0.329	-0.123	-0.201	-0.330	-0.276	0.303
二十碳二烯酸含量Eicosadienoic acid content	-0.703^*	-0.361	-0.368	-0.662^*	0.233	-0.495
金松酸含量Gemaric acid content	-0.676^*	-0.050	-0.599^*	-0.471	-0.152	-0.500
饱和脂肪酸含量Saturated fatty acids content	0.360	-0.030	0.300	0.450	0.582^*	-0.663^*
不饱和脂肪酸含量Unsaturated fatty acid content	-0.457	0.045	-0.421	-0.454	-0.633^*	0.603^*

指标 Index	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单果质量 Single fruit weight	核形指数 Core shape index	单核质量 Single core weight	仁形指数 Kernel index	单仁质量 Single kernel weigh	出核率 Core exit ratio	出仁率 Kernel fruit ratio
单果重Single fruit weight	-0.305
核形指数Core shape index	0.987^**	-0.221
单核质量Single core weight	-0.249	0.655^*	-0.273
仁形指数Kernel index	0.960^**	-0.183	0.986^**	-0.320
单仁质量Single kernel weight	0.148	0.298	0.145	0.415	0.172
出核率Core exit ratio	0.075	-0.477	-0.059	0.350	-0.159	0.096
出仁率Kernel fruit ratio	0.258	0.094	0.289	-0.128	0.358	0.750^**	-0.281
油脂含量Oil content	0.286	0.134	0.371	-0.354	0.437	0.318	-0.593^*	0.588^*
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	-0.215	0.324	-0.097	-0.140	-0.033	-0.112	-0.560	-0.052
淀粉含量Starch content	-0.123	-0.044	-0.083	-0.473	-0.059	-0.599^*	-0.479	-0.362
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.249	0.365	0.290	0.022	0.271	0.063	-0.428	0.153
棕榈酸含量Palmitic acid content	-0.287	-0.224	-0.336	0.145	-0.360	0.338	0.454	0.135
硬脂酸含量Stearic acid content	0.048	-0.565	0.059	-0.739^**	0.150	-0.065	-0.157	0.354
油酸含量Oleic acid content	0.127	0.067	0.170	-0.208	0.219	-0.139	-0.339	0.133
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	-0.141	0.062	-0.208	0.426	-0.302	-0.403	0.437	-0.681^*
亚麻酸含量Linolenic acid content	-0.308	-0.064	-0.399	0.607^*	-0.488	0.132	0.795^**	-0.421
二十碳-烯酸含量	-0.182	0.364	-0.100	-0.087	-0.092	-0.643^*	-0.546	-0.329
Eicosanoenoic acid content
二十碳二烯酸含量	-0.249	0.226	-0.314	0.690^*	-0.388	-0.224	0.536	-0.600^*
Eicosadienoic acid content
金松酸含量Gemaric acid content	-0.411	0.195	-0.488	0.754^**	-0.566	-0.002	0.646^*	-0.578^*
饱和脂肪酸含量	-0.274	-0.297	-0.321	0.039	-0.331	0.322	0.423	0.181
Saturated fatty acids content
不饱和脂肪酸含量	0.137	0.379	0.187	0.061	0.180	-0.412	-0.404	-0.301
Unsaturated fatty acids content

Comparison of leaf and seed quality of different varieties (strains) of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ in Zhejiang Province, China

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品种(系) Variety(strain)	主成分得分Principal component score					综合得分(F) Comprehensive score (F)	排名 Ranking
品种(系) Variety(strain)	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	综合得分(F) Comprehensive score (F)	排名 Ranking
早缘榧Zaoyuan	1.082	1.096	0.095	1.244	-1.834	0.559	1
小籽象牙榧Xiaozi Xiangya	-1.084	0.437	1.812	-1.877	1.379	-0.092	8
立勤细榧Liqin Xifei	-0.629	0.514	-0.160	1.349	0.753	0.138	5
东白珠Dongbaizhu	-0.573	-2.757	-4.254	-1.878	0.275	-1.572	12
象牙榧Xiangya	-0.206	-1.632	2.260	1.126	1.052	0.137	6
龙凤细榧Longfeng Xifei	0.825	-0.764	-1.045	2.966	0.953	0.430	2
东榧1号Dongfei No.1	-1.678	3.852	-0.785	-0.599	0.007	0.123	7
东榧2号Dongfei No.2	-1.560	3.952	-0.812	-0.132	0.036	0.241	4
磐安长榧Pan’an Changfei	-0.113	-1.931	0.389	0.113	2.376	-0.135	9
长籽象牙榧Changzi Xiangya	-2.915	-1.493	1.898	-2.098	-1.447	-1.429	11
圆酥榧Yuansu	-0.429	-1.954	0.103	0.805	-3.297	-0.811	10
安圆榧Anyuan	1.778	-0.175	0.070	-1.131	-0.488	0.351	3

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	1	2	3	4	5
果形指数Fruit shape index	-0.494	-0.215	0.686	-0.281	0.378
单果重Single fruit weight	0.015	0.496	0.165	0.714	-0.355
核形指数Core shape index	-0.583	-0.175	0.642	-0.204	0.362
单核质量Single core weight	0.624	0.270	0.499	0.387	-0.349
仁形指数Kernel index	-0.659	-0.203	0.579	-0.159	0.317
单仁质量Single kernel weight	0.032	-0.581	0.471	0.581	-0.289
出核率Core exit ratio	0.721	-0.293	0.359	-0.438	0.044
出仁率Kernel fruit ratio	-0.459	-0.620	0.187	0.441	-0.227
油脂含量Oil content	-0.749	-0.129	0.020	0.480	0.087
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	-0.233	0.192	-0.420	0.538	0.261
淀粉含量Starch content	-0.170	0.374	-0.514	0.051	0.659
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	-0.289	0.358	0.238	0.541	0.555
棕榈酸含量Palmitic acid content	0.639	-0.639	-0.210	0.216	0.210
硬脂酸含量Stearic acid content	-0.433	-0.597	-0.498	-0.344	-0.158
油酸含量Oleic acid content	-0.583	0.185	0.033	-0.391	-0.673
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	0.629	0.556	0.162	-0.067	0.457
亚麻酸含量Linolenic acid content	0.938	-0.105	0.139	0.013	0.081
二十碳-烯酸含量Eicosanoenoic acid content	-0.350	0.812	-0.243	-0.071	-0.140
二十碳二烯酸含量Eicosadienoic acid content	0.759	0.442	0.248	-0.186	-0.046
金松酸含量Gemaric acid content	0.907	0.284	0.184	0.041	-0.035
饱和脂肪酸含量Saturated fatty acids content	0.565	-0.708	-0.274	0.164	0.184
不饱和脂肪酸含量Unsaturated fatty acids content	-0.427	0.841	0.209	-0.086	-0.129
特征值Eigenvalue	7.103	4.829	2.989	2.743	2.387
累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate/%	32.28	54.24	67.82	80.29	91.14

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