Design and performance study of leaping-over type soil covering device on film

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230730

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1173-1184.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230730

• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Design and performance study of leaping-over type soil covering device on film

LIU Quandong¹^,²(), SUN Wei¹^,^*(), ZHANG Hua¹, LIU Xiaolong¹, LI Hui¹, WANG Hucun¹

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Agricultural Machinery Branch of Longxi County Vocational and Technical School, Longxi 748100, Gansu, China

Received:2023-06-05 Online:2024-05-25 Published:2024-05-29

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the agronomic requirements of potato cultivation with full film mulching and soil covering on film in the cold and dry regions of Northwest China, a leaping-over type soil covering device was designed. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to conduct soil cover simulation experiments. Based on the Box-Behnken experimental design principle, a regression model for soil cover width and soil cover thickness was established using the three factor and three level response surface method. The optimal operating parameter combination for the leaping-over soil covering device was optimized as follows: the rotational speed of the screw conveyor was 135 r·min^-1, the opening length of the soil cover was 100 mm, and the height of the soil cover from the ground was 233 mm. Field experiments have shown that the natural seedling emergence rate of potato reached 92.5%, and the seedling burning rate was 7%.

Key words: potato, soil covering on the seeding row, lateral soil transport, whole film mulching

CLC Number:

S223.2

LIU Quandong, SUN Wei, ZHANG Hua, LIU Xiaolong, LI Hui, WANG Hucun. Design and performance study of leaping-over type soil covering device on film[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(5): 1173-1184.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Cultivation mode of potato mulched with full film and soil covering on seed row 1, Potato tuber; 2, Potato ridge; 3, Potato seedling; 4, Soil covering on seed row; 5, Rainwater collecting micro-groove.

Fig.2 Structure diagram of potato mulched with full film and soil covering on seed row 1, Scoop chain potato sowing device; 2, Fertilizer box; 3, Frame; 4, Rainwater collecting tank ditcher; 5, Ditcher; 6, Ground wheel; 7, Leaping-type soil lifting device; 8, Film mulching device; 9, Lateral soil covering device; 10, Seed box.

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of leaping-over type soil covering device 1, Frame; 2, Ground wheel; 3, Trenching shovel; 4, Ridge body; 5, Film covering device; 6, Soil covering on the edge; 7, Soil covering on the film; 8, Plastic film; 9, Lateral soil conveying device; 10, Soil lifting device; 11, Reducer; 12, Input shaft; 13, Depth adjustment device of soil lifting shovel.

Fig.4 Stress analysis of soil particles in contact with soil lifting and trenching shovel 1, Ridges and ditches; 2, Soil particles; 3, Trenching shovel. N is the supporting force of soil particles on the shovel surface, f is the friction force, N; mg is the gravity of soil particles, N; v is the forward velocity of the planter, m·s-1; a is the installation inclination angle of the trenching shovel, °; μ is the friction coefficient between the soil and the trenching shovel; α1 is the slope angle of the trenching and lifting shovel blade.

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of working principle of leaping-over type soil lifting device 1, Soil; 2, Trenching shovel; 3, Driven wheel; 4, Scraper; 5, Lifting belt. B is the scraper width, m; h is the scraper height, m; v’ is the scraper chain speed, m·s-1; γ is the installation inclination of soil lifting device, kg·m-3; e is the installation distance of the scraper, mm; δ is the vertical distance between the earth scraper and the lowest point of the scraper, mm.

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of lateral soil covering device 1, Soil lifting device; 2, Scraper; 3, Soil feeder; 4, Screw soil conveying shaft; 5. Screw soil conveying device. D is the diameter of spiral blade of spiral soil conveyor, mm; d is the diameter of screw soil conveying shaft, mm; S is the pitch, mm.

Fig.7 Filling diagram of soil particles 1, Shield; 2, Retaining plate; 3, Screw soil conveying shaft; 4, Screw soil feeder; 5, Scraper; 6, Soil particles; 7. Driven wheel. r is the radius of soil covering device, mm; b is the thickness of the soil inside the soil cover, mm; c is the width of the soil inside the soil cover, mm; β is half of the central angle corresponding to the covering thickness, mm.

Fig.8 Analysis diagram of soil particle movement of lateral soil covering device 1, Bearing seat; 2, Soil particles; 3, Screw soil conveying device; 4, Soil covering on edge; 5, Plastic film; 6, Soil covering on seeding row. V1 is the axial velocity of soil particles, m·s-1; V2 is the circumferential velocity of soil particles, m·s-1; α is the spiral rise angle of the pusher; φ is the friction angle, t is the opening length of the soil covering device, mm.

Table 1 Simulation material parameters and contact parameters

项目 Project	类别 Category	泊松比 Poisson’s ratio	剪切模量 Shear modulus/Pa	密度 Density/(kg·m^-3)
材料参数	土壤Soil	0.40	1×10⁶	1 300
Material parameters	钢Steel	0.28	3.5×10¹⁰	7 850
	地膜Film	0.49	6.1×10⁶	1 000
项目 Project	类别 Category	恢复系数 Restitution coefficient	静摩擦系数 Static friction coefficient	动摩擦系数 Dynamic friction coefficient
接触参数	颗粒-颗粒Particle to particle	0.21	0.68	0.27
Contact parameters	颗粒-钢Particle to Steel	0.54	0.31	0.13
	颗粒-地膜Granular to film	0.30	0.42	0.34

Table 2 Factors and levels of soil covering test

水平 Level	A螺旋输土器转速 A Rotating speed of spiral soil conveyor/(r·min^-1)	B覆土器开口长度 B Opening length of soil cover/mm	C覆土器离地高度 C Height of soil cover from the ground/mm
-1	120	80	200
0	150	100	250
1	180	120	300

Table 3 Response surface analysis results

处理 Treatment	A	B	C	覆土宽度 Soil covering width/mm	覆土厚度 Soil covering thickness/mm
1	150	120	300	261.70	43.0
2	150	100	250	245.64	50.7
3	120	120	250	204.70	45.3
4	120	100	300	249.96	43.7
5	150	100	250	245.64	50.7
6	150	80	200	201.95	49.1
7	150	120	200	218.13	52.2
8	180	100	200	222.80	50.5
9	150	100	250	245.64	50.7
10	180	80	250	249.01	53.0
11	180	120	250	245.00	51.5
12	120	100	200	212.20	54.2
13	180	100	300	276.12	43.3
14	120	80	250	233.60	48.8
15	150	80	300	258.20	50.3
16	150	100	250	245.64	50.7
17	150	100	250	245.64	50.7

Table 4 Regression variance analysis of soil covering width and thickness

项目 Project	变异来源 Source of variation	方差和 Variance sum	自由度 Freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P	显著性 Significance
覆土宽度	模型Model	5 646.07	3	1 882.02	22.51	<0.000 1	^**
Soil covering width/mm	A	1 068.84	1	1 068.84	12.78	0.003 4	^**
	B	21.88	1	21.88	0.261 7	0.617 6
		C	4 555.35	1	4 555.35	54.48	<0.000 1^**
	残差Residual	1 087.00	13	83.62	22.51	<0.000 1
	失拟Lack of fit	1 087.00	9	120.78	12.78	0.003 4
	误差Error	0.000 0	4	0.000 0
	总和Sum	6 733.06	16
覆土厚度	模型Model	98.10	3	32.70	4.81	0.018 2	*
Soil covering thickness/mm	A	4.96	1	4.96	0.729 4	0.408 5	*
	B	10.58	1	10.58	1.56	0.234 3
	C	82.56	1	82.56	12.14	0.004 0	*
	残差Residual	88.42	13	6.80
	失拟Lack of fit	88.42	9	9.82
	误差Error	0.000 0	4	0.000 0
	总和Sum	186.52	16

Fig.9 Analysis of single factor results of soil covering width and thickness A, B are the effects of the rotation speed of the screw conveyor and the height of the cover from the ground on the cover thickness and the cover width of the seed row.

Table 5 Predicted and simulated values of soil covering

序号 No.	A	B	C	预测值Predictive value		仿真值Simulation value
序号 No.	A	B	C	覆土宽度 Soil covering width/mm	覆土厚度 Soil covering thickness/mm	覆土宽度 Soil covering width/mm	覆土厚度 Soil covering thickness/mm
1	169	100	250	246.24	49.82	251.70	48.00
2	169	100	210	227.15	52.39	228.20	51.70
3	155	100	280	255.16	47.52	254.25	45.10
4	135	100	233	225.00	50.00	226.20	52.00

Fig.10 Simulation process of planting rows and covering soil on the film 1 is a crossing type soil lifting device, 2 is a lateral opposite row soil covering device, 3 is a seed row soil covering device, 4 is a membrane edge soil covering device, and Fig. A-F are soil covering figures at different time.

Fig.11 Field test of covering soil A, The field experiment with soil covering; B, The results of the soil covering experiment; C, The emergence of potatoes.

Table 6 Experimental results

试验指标 Test indicators	跨越式覆土装置性能参数 Performance parameters of spanning soil covering device	国家标准 National standard
种行覆土宽度合格率Qualified rate of soil covering width in planting rows/%	92	≥90
种行覆土厚度合格率Qualified rate of soil covering thickness in planting rows/%	91	≥90
地膜采光面破损程度Degree of damage to the lighting surface of the plastic film/(mm·m^-2)	49.2	≤55
自然出苗率Natural seedling emergence rate/%	92.5	—
烧苗率Seedling burning rate/%	7	—

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Design and performance study of leaping-over type soil covering device on film

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