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25 July 2010, Volume 22 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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A method of DNA extraction from fermented cottonseed meal TANG Jiang-wu;WANG Xin;YAO Xiao-hong;WU Yi-fei;XU Yao-xing;LIU Yong 2010, 22(4):  0-413.  Abstract ( 1014 )   PDF (1272KB) ( 1565 )   Cottonseed meal is one of the important forage protein raw materials. Microbial fermentation is one of the most efficient methods for detoxification. In order to monitor the microbial fermentation process and optimize the fermentation parameters of cottonseed meal, an efficient DNA extraction method was established. Decoloration buffer was used to remove free gossypol and other polyphenolic pigment from fermented cottonseed, and then lysozyme, SDS and proteinase K were combined for fragmentation. As a result, the total DNA yields ranged from 1.8 to 6.4 μg per gram of wet fermented cottonseed meal, the DNA extraction efficiency was more than 89%, and the fragment size was about 23 kb. The extracted DNA could be used directly for PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion without additional purification. In addition, using the extracted DNA as template, the 16S rRNA V3 fragments were amplified and then analyzed by DGGE to investigate the diversity and change of microbial community structure of the fermented cottonseed meal. Therefore, this is a simple, reliable protocol of DNA extraction from the fermented cottonseed meal． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on protein subunit contents of soybean germplasm in Zhejiang Province JIANG Ying;WU Xian-jing;DONG De-kun;YUAN Feng-jie;ZHU Shen-long;ZHU Dan-hua;* 2010, 22(4):  0-407.  Abstract ( 1715 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 1323 )   Three hundred and twenty one soybean germplasm resources of Zhejiang Province from the germplasm bank of Hangzhou Sub-center of National Soybean Improvement were analyzed to investigate the 7S and 11S globulins contents using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed a great genetic diversity in the relative contents of 11S, 7S globulins and their subunits. The variation ranges of the relative content of 7S, 11S globulins and the 11S/7S ratio were 0.152-0.371, 0.428-0.794 and 1.269-4.008 respectively. There were seven germplasms, whose 11S/7S ratios were higher than 3.5, and protein content percent was higher than 45.0%. Four germplasms showed relative lower α',α-subunit content than others, and some unknown small peptides between 30 kD and 17 kD appeared. Significantly negative correlation was observed between the relative contents of 7S and 11S globulins. The 11S/7S ratios of different germplasms showed regional features according to their ecology regionalism. Germplasms from North Zhejiang showed the highest average 11S/7S ratio, and germplasms from South Zhejiang showed higher coefficient of variation in relative contents of 11S, 7S globulins than other areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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The genetic relationships of Cymbidium hybridum germplasm resources by RAPD molecular markers SHI Long-wen;WANG Xia;LU Jia 2010, 22(4):  0-419.  Abstract ( 814 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 1462 )   The random amplified polymorphic DNA marker (RAPD) was assessed to detect the genetic relationships among 18 Cymbidium hybridum cultivars from 2 companies. The results showed that primers were screened from 50 random decamer primers, and a total of 92 DNA bands were amplified, 90 of which (97.8%) were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 6. Genetic similarities among the cultivars ranged from 0.1975 to 0.6704 with an average value of 0.4761, and the genetic distance among those ranged from 0.3296 to 0.8025 with an average value of 0.5239. A dendrogram of genetic relationship which was constructed using UPGMA method showed that all the tested cultivars were classified into 4 cluster groups with the genetic distance coefficient of 0.5239. It revealed that the genetic relationships among tested cultivars were related with flower color and branch type to some extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA extraction from different tissues of Castanea henryi and their ISSR\|PCR validation LIU Guo-bin;LUO Zheng-rong;GONG Bang-chu;* 2010, 22(4):  0-423.  Abstract ( 832 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 1364 )   In order to provide suitable materials and preservation time for the molecular biological research of Castanea henryi, genomic DNA was extracted from different tissues of C.henryi and preserved in different periods. The results showed that, the longer the leaves were preserved, the lower the concentration of genomic DNA was extracted. The optimum period for plant materials preserved in silica was 10 d and the reliable preservation time should be less than 10 months. Genomic DNA was extracted from all materials tested except nuts. Though the purity and production of genomic DNA was different, all the values of OD260/OD280 were above 1.8. The bands which produced by agarose gel electrophoresis showed no degradation, except those from nuts. Furthermore, clear and bright products of ISSR-PCR indicated that the extracted genomic DNA could be used in ISSR analysis, especially those from the tender and mature leaves, leaf bud and inflorescence． Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue culture and rapid micro-propagation from leaves and stems of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) LONG Qian-jin;WU Yan-jun;XIE Ming;* 2010, 22(4):  0-432.  Abstract ( 1752 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 1599 )   A stable and efficient rapid propagation system was established from the female Actinidia chinensis cv.Hongyang young leaves and stem segments with axillary buds in vitro. Leaves were cultured for the initiating of callus, proliferation of adventitious buds; and axillary buds were cultured for sprouting, multiplication and rooting. The results indicated that callus formation was easy and proliferation efficiency achieved 100% when explants from leaves were cultured on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 zeatin and 0.1 mg·L-1 naphthylacetic acid (NAA). The average multiplication coefficient was 5.2,and the highest induction rate was 93.33%. The medium of MS supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA was optimal for sprouting of axillary bud,and the highest induction rate was 8333%. The multiplication coefficient of adventitious bud was 4.5 in the medium of MS supplemented with 2.0 mg·L-1 6\|BA, 0.2 mg·L-1 NAA and 0.1 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA). Moreover, the medium of 1/2 MS with 0.7 mg·L-1 indolebutyric acid (IBA) was good for rooting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of S-genotype of Jinzhuguo pear YUAN De-yi;TAN Xiao-feng;ZENG Yan-ling;ZOU Feng;XIE Peng;ZHANG Lin 2010, 22(4):  0-428.  Abstract ( 866 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 1267 )   Pear is a typical self-incompatible fruit tree. Its yield is low and quality is bad under natural pollination conditions. The approach of overcoming self-incompatibility, increasing production and improving quality could be found through identification of pear S genotype. The new germplasm Jinzhuguo is selected from wild Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.f.)Nakai. Young leaves of Jinzhuguo pear was selected as materials, and special PCR, cloning, DNA sequencing and analysis of biological information were carried out with its genomic DNA. As a result, the S-genotype of Jinzhuguo pear was identified as S3 S19. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Bioplex Cu on sow productivity, piglet growth performance and serum mineral contents XU Wen;DONG Qi-guo;WANG Gai-qin;LUO Lan;WANG Tian;* 2010, 22(4):  0-473.  Abstract ( 2430 )   PDF (953KB) ( 1401 )   A total of 72 sows (Landrace×Yorkshine) with similar parity were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatments. Three experimental diets including control, 30% Bioplex Cu diet and 100% Bioplex Cu diet were used to study the effects of feeding organic copper proteinate, partial or complete replacement of dietary inorganic CuSO4 to gestating sows from four weeks pre-partum and throughout lactation on sow productivity. The results showed that: (1) Supplementation of Bioplex Cu to sow diet could reduce sow body weight loss (P>0.05). The weaning weight of piglets from sow fed with 30% Bioplex Cu diet significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to the control and 100% Bioplex Cu groups. (2) Dietary Bioplex Cu was helpful to improve digestibility (P>0.05) of Cu and other minerals such as Zn, Fe and Mg and significantly improve dry matter digestibility (P<0.01). (3) The serum mineral contents of piglets from sows fed with 100% Bioplex Cu diet significantly increased on 14th and 21st day which confirmed that the bioavailability of Cu and other minerals including Zn, Fe and Mn were greatly improved. It was concluded that feeding organic Cu proteinate (Bioplex Cu) to sows could increase bioavailability of dietary copper and other minerals of their piglets, and maintain the serum mineral contents at a high level to sustain optimal growth and healthy status in their later growing stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of resistance resources to sheath blight in rice T-DNA mutant library WANG Yan-li;CHEN Tao;CHAI Rong-yao;ZHANG Zhen;WANG Jiao-yu;SUN Guo-chang* 2010, 22(4):  0-443.  Abstract ( 1229 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 1260 )   Isolated from Nipponbare T-DNA mutant library, 2 576 rice mutant lines were used to identify resistance resources to sheath blight (SB). Most of them were high-susceptible to rice SB by broadcasting the mixture of rice hulls and unhulled grains infested with the pathogen, and only 36 lines reached moderate resistant or resistant level, 180 lines were moderately susceptible. Further identification was carried out among 216 lines whose resistances were below the moderate level using insertion short toothpick infected with pathogen, the results showed there were 18 lines more resistant than the others among secondary screening lines. Final screening with micro-chamber inoculation to 18 lines in greenhouse was carried out and the results indicated there was no significant difference among different mutant lines, but there are 14 mutants whose resistant level were significantly higher than Nipponbare． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of pot cultivation on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in leaves of citrus XU Hong-xia;ZHANG Hui-qin;XIE Ming;*;CHEN Jun-wei;FANG Shun-min 2010, 22(4):  0-438.  Abstract ( 1296 )   PDF (1002KB) ( 1374 )   Under pot and field culture, the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of citrus plants (Tiancao) were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) remained unchanged in the plants grown in large pots as compared to those in field at different photosynthetic photo flux density. However, Pn, Gs and Tr of plants cultured in small pots significantly decreased, while Ci unchanged. The capacity for CO2 utilization reduced only at high concentration under large pot culture, but it significantly declined at all CO2 concentration under small pot culture in comparison with the control. Maximal efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry (Fv/Fm), effective PSⅡ quantum yield (ΦPSⅡ), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP) as well as non\|photochemical quenching (NPQ) of plants under large pot culture showed no significant difference as compared to that in the field except that excitation energy capture efficiency of PSⅡ reaction centers (Fv'/Fm') decreased prominently. However, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSⅡ and ETR markedly decreased and NPQ increased in the plants cultured in small pots, which was consistent with the analysis results of the distribution of excitation energy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Viscoelastic computation for creep test of paddy soil ZHAI Li-xin;JI Chang-ying*;DING Qi-shuo;IRSHAD Ali 2010, 22(4):  0-514.  Abstract ( 1322 )   PDF (1808KB) ( 1406 )   In order to apply the constitutive equations of paddy soil into numerical simulations, viscoelastic parameters of Burgers model was fitted here by Matlab software through analyzing data acquired in creep test of paddy soil. Based on the requirement of ANSYS software, an algorithm was deduced to transform the constitutive equations into Prony series. Based on the actual environment, the suitable FEM was built through the method of test. The data of simulations and experimental test was offered to evaluate the error percentage. As a result, the solution error using Prony series was no more than 1% compared with the experimental data. So, Prony series is simple and efficient． Related Articles | Metrics

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Resistance identification and genetic analysis of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) ZHENG Ji-rong;WANG Hui-li 2010, 22(4):  0-447.  Abstract ( 1303 )   PDF (1023KB) ( 1411 )   Parent P2 (161-2-3-3-5-2-2-10) resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) and parent P1 (9905-3-4-3-2-1-4-1-0) susceptible to TYLCV were selected as parent materials and P1, P2, F1 (P1×P2), F2, and BC1P1 (F1×P1) and BC1P2 (F1×P2) were obtained through sexual hybridization, self cross and backcross. In order to explore the regularity of inheritance of resistance to TYLCV of materials above, TYLCV were artificially inoculated to them and natural infection of TYLCV were identified in the field at the same time. The results showed that plants sensitive to TYLCV began to show typical symptoms 20 d after inoculation and the disease fully developed 30 d after inoculation. In the blooming and fruit setting period of plants,most flowers of plants sensitive to TYLCV was wilt and only few fruits were left. The resistant and susceptible plants of individual generation showed regular distribution. Chi-square test showed that the resistance of parent P2 (161-2-3-3-5-2-2-10) to TYLCV was determined only by one dominant gene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of salinity challenge on the immune factors of Scylla serrata MA Yue-chai;YANG Yu-jiao;WANG Guo-liang* 2010, 22(4):  0-484.  Abstract ( 1599 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 1527 )   In this study the changes of total haemocyte count(THC), phagocytic activity to Escherichia coil, and activities of lysozyme(LZM), superoxide dismutase activity(SOD), alkaline phosohatase(AKP), acidic phosohatase(ACP), peroxidase(POD), phenoloxidase(PO) and hemolysin in the serum of Scylla serrata were examined in the treatments of different salinity concentrations(5.0,10.0,17.5,25.0,35.0) after 0,12,24,48,72 and 96 h. The results showed that THC dramatically declined in different salinity treatments while other immune factors showed a peak value during 12 h to 24 h, and then tended to be stable. When Scylla serrata were exposed to salinity for 12 h, the phagocytic percentage (PP) and phagocytic index (PI) in the salinity treatments of 5.0 and 35.0 were higher than the control group. The activity of LZM and PO in the salinity treatments of 10.0 and 25.0 were significantly higher than the control group. The activities of ACK and APK were higher than the control group except in the salinity treatment of 5.0. The activity of POD and hemolysin in the salinity treatment of 10.0 and 25.0 increased with exposure time prolonging, and reached the highest values at 72 h and 24 h respectively, which were much higher than the control group while SOD showed no significant change. It was concluded that salinity was important to S. serrata immune response. The disease resistance of S. serrata could be enhanced when treated with lower concentration of salinity for a short period. However, when treated with higher salinity concentration for a long time, the disease resistance of S. serrata significantly decreased． Related Articles | Metrics

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The degradation of glufosinate in water and toxicity to aquatic organism NIU Li-zhi;GUI Wen-jun;ZHU Guo-nian* 2010, 22(4):  0-490.  Abstract ( 1543 )   PDF (1053KB) ( 1599 )   To evaluate the chemical behavior of glufosinate in water, as well as its toxicity to aquatic organism, the hydrolysis properties at different temperatures and different pH values, the photolysis characteristics in water under different light intensity and wavelength, and the acute toxicity to aquatic organism were investigated using UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the half life of glufosinate in three buffer solutions with pH values of 5.0, 6.9 and 9.3 was 433, 693 and 533 d, respectively. It was indicated that glufosinate was stable in slightly alkaline and acidic condition. The degradation of glufosinate was positively related to the temperature. The half lives of photolysis of glufosinate under 4 500 and 8 300 lx were 1 155 and 866 h respectively, while under 365 and 254 nm were 462 and 40 h, respectively. Light intensity and wavelength obviously affected the photolytic process. The EC50/LC50 values of algae (Chlorella vulgarrs), daphnia (Daphnia magna) and zabrafish (Brachydonio rerio) to glufosinate were all more than 100 mg·L-1, which were low toxic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and analysis of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ORF5 and ORF7 gene of NX-1 strain DU Ping;LIU Xue-rong;HUANG Yin-jun;He Yan-yu;MU Ke-bing;* 2010, 22(4):  0-453.  Abstract ( 1776 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 1202 )   In order to understand genetic characters of ORF5 and ORF7 gene of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV） at the molecular level, and provide information for genetic mutation and virus evolution research, PRRSV samples from Ningxia were collected and ORF5, ORF7 gene of PRRSV were cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\|PCR) method, then their homology alignments and evolution analysis were carried out using DNASTAR biology software. The homology analysis at the nucleotide and amino acid levels indicated that ORF5, ORF7 gene of PRRSV NX-1/2008 strain were highly homologous to the highly pathogenic PRRSV strain JXa-1/2007, especially ORF7 gene, whose homology was about 100%. The ORF5 gene of NX-1/2008 strain had a dot mutation with JXa-1/2007 in neutralization antibody determine site 196 amino acid. The space distance between NX-1/2008 strain and JXa-1/2007 was bigger than that between NX-1/2008 and HUB-1/2006, as well as NX-1/2008 and CH-1a/2001 strain, so this mutation did not occur among them. Compared with CH-1a/2001 strain, the immunogenic core B site of NX-1/2008 mutated at 39 amino acid, and the mutation was F to I. Meanwhile, the 33 amino acid, a glycosylation site played an important role in inducing neutralization antibody, mutated from N to S. In addition, the 32, 33 and 35 amino acids of deceit site A were also mutated. Sixty-nine percent of the mutation between NX-1 ORF7 gene and national low pathogenicity strains such as CH-1a/2001 was located in antigenic determinant sites and 56% of them were highly pathogenic strains mutated initiatively. These results indicated that there was larger difference in genome between highly and mildly pathogenic PRRSV strains and the variation might be located in immunodominant region． Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathology study on the natural infection by a variant strain of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus HE Yan-yu;SHANG You-jun;* 2010, 22(4):  0-457.  Abstract ( 1462 )   PDF (1845KB) ( 1277 )   In order to explore the pathological characters and pathogenesis of PRRSV variant strain, the microstructure and ultramicrostructure of lung, spleen, kidney and lymph node of piglets infected with PRRSV were studied. The results showed that the major pathological characters of PRRSV variant strain were interstitial pneumonia and adenolymphitis, accompanied by the degeneration and necrosis of liver, spleen, kidney, heart, stomach and intestine. Alveolar macrophages, lymph nodes and lymphocytes and plasma cells in spleen were infected with different degrees, where a large number of viral inclusion bodies were found. The results indicated that the tissue tropism of PRRSV variant strain, compared with the typical strain ch-1a in China, showed great changes and the infection could cause systemic immunosuppression． Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of Lingkun chicken based on microsatellite markers YUAN Qing-yan;YU De-bing;WU Chun-qin;LI Guo-qin;WANG De-qian;LU Li-zhi;* 2010, 22(4):  0-463.  Abstract ( 1315 )   PDF (951KB) ( 1300 )   In order to assess Lingkun chicken's genetic variation and population structure, 23 chicken-specific microsatellite loci were used to analyze the alleles for 30 individuals from natural population using PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of 174 alleles were detected across the 23 microsatellite loci. All the loci were polymorphic and the number of alleles varied from 3 to 12, and the mean number was 7.5 alleles per locus. The average heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 23 microsatellite loci were 0.758 and 0.723, respectively. The results indicated that there was high genetic diversity in the natural population of Lingkun chicken． Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of the cellulase-producing fungi and its enzyme-producing conditions in compost YANG You-kun;ZHU Feng-xiang;WANG Wei-ping;CHEN Xiao-yang;HONG Chun-lai;WU Chuan-zhen;XUE Zhi-yong;* 2010, 22(4):  0-468.  Abstract ( 1234 )   PDF (969KB) ( 1445 )   Cattle manure and its compost samples were selected to obtain an effective cellulose-decomposing microorganism, a fungi strain of F12 producing high level of cellulase was screened out by primary culture on plates of cellulose-Congo red medium and secondary fermentation in liquid medium. The strain was identified as Penicillium based on the morphologic taxonomy. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH of medium,inoculation quantity,culture temperature and time on cellulase activity produced by the strain were studied.The results indicated that the optimum conditions of producing cellulase were as follows: carbon source was bran and microcrystalline cellulose complex, nitrogen source was ammonium sulfate, initial pH value was 5-6,inoculation quantity was about 5%,culture temperature was 30-35℃,culture time was 120 h. Under these conditions,the activities of CMCase and FPA were 47.5 IU/mL and 11.1 IU/mL respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different levels of compound gastrointestinal microbial modulator on the growth performance and small intestinal structure of weaned pigs CAI Zhao-wei;LIU Xiao-feng;HUA Xu-chuan;HUA Wei-dong;ZHANG Jin-zhi;* 2010, 22(4):  0-478.  Abstract ( 1513 )   PDF (950KB) ( 1288 )   The effects of compound gastrointestinal microbial modulator(CGMM)on growth performance and small intestinal structure of weaned pigs were investigated. Eighty piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) weaned at 30th day were randomly divided into four groups, such as control group(CG), antibiotic group(AG), experimental group one(EG1), experimental group two(EG2). The experimental results showed that: ⑴ The average daily gain(ADG) of EG1, EG2 and AG were significantly higher than that of CG (P<0.05). (2)Serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, GPT showed no significant difference among four groups (P>0.05). The total protein (TP) of EG1, EG2 and AG was higher than that of CG, and the serum urea content was lower.(3)The villus height of duodenum in EG1 was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.01), so was the villus height of jejunum between each groups. The crypt depth of jejunum of EG1 was significantly shorter than that of other groups (P<0.01)． Related Articles | Metrics

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The generalization method of large scale digital topographic map LI Yan;OU Ming-hao* 2010, 22(4):  0-520.  Abstract ( 848 )   PDF (1737KB) ( 1908 )   Topographic map generalization is very systematic and normative. Smaller scale topographic maps are needed in macroeconomic management and planning of the city, such as 1∶2 000 or 1∶5 000. A re-survey method based on the 1∶500 topographic maps requires a lot of money and time. The methods of generalizing topographic map from large scale 1∶500 to 1∶2 000 was proposed, and the skills in treating essential elements of topographic map in key processes were elaborated in detail. This method could significantly improve the generalization efficiency and save a great deal of time and cost, therefore, it showed theoretical and practical importance on topographic map generalization． Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from persimmon leaves using response surface methodology DONG Jiang-tao*;LI Yan;XU Hui-qiang;JIANG Cheng-hua 2010, 22(4):  0-526.  Abstract ( 1184 )   PDF (2013KB) ( 1402 )   The primary goal of this research was to improve the ratio of total flavonoids extracted from persimmon leaves. The technique applied was referred to as response surface methodology which is a good experimental design method commonly used in the optimization of extraction technology. The method used in this study was microwave-assisted extraction. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of total flavonoids from persimmon leaves were as follows: microwave power 422.360 W; extraction time 20.970 min, and liquid-solid ratio 20.660∶1. In this case, the extraction rate could reach 6.15 %. From the experiments, it was concluded that response surface methodology was a good method for improving the ratio of total flavonoids extraction from persimmon leaves． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco from Shennongjia region of Hubei Province YU Jian-jun;LIU Qian;WANG Peng;SONG Wen-feng;MA Fei-yue 2010, 22(4):  0-494.  Abstract ( 1493 )   PDF (1251KB) ( 1391 )   The neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco samples from Shennongjia tobacco-growing region of Hubei Province were analyzed and compared with the high-quality tobacco samples from Zimbabwe. The results indicated that the neutral aroma component contents of flue-cured tobacco samples from Fangxian, Baokang and Xingshan regions basically reached or exceeded those from Zimbabwe, but there was more obvious difference between samples from Shennongjia region and Zimbabwe. The neutral aroma component contents of K326 were more than Yunyan87 in the ecological condition of Shennongjia region. Moreover, the contents of neutral aroma components showed difference in different leaf position, indicating the upper leaf (B2F) was the highest, the middle leaf (C3F) took the second place, and the lower leaf (X2F)was the lowest. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of N, P, K fertilizer efficiency on rapeseed yield and soil test value in main rapeseed production area of Zhejiang Province SHAN Ying-jie;JIANG Li-na;*;WANG Qiang;PAN Jian-qing;LI Jian-qiang 2010, 22(4):  0-501.  Abstract ( 1424 )   PDF (981KB) ( 1555 )   The results of experiment“3414”of rapeseed in soil-testing formulated fertilization during the period of 2006 to 2008 in Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The results indicated that the yield of rapeseed ranged from 1 665 kg·hm-2 to 3 200 kg·hm-2 in the optimum treatment (N2P2K2), and the yield was lower in soils with lower pH and available K. The average yield\|increasing rates under different fertilization conditions were 117.5% for N fertilizer, 45.1% for P fertilizer and 7.3% for K fertilizer, and the average increasing yield per unit of N, P2O5, K2O were 4.7, 7.0, 1.7 kg, respectively. There was great difference in ferti lizer efficiency among different soil types. The correlation analysis of relative yields in the treatments of nutrient-deficiency and soil testing values showed that the relative yields in the treatments of N-deficiency showed significant correlation with soil organic matter and total N contents, which could be used as the indicator of N fertilization recommendation. On the contrary, poor correlations were found between the relative yields in the treatments of P or K deficiency and soil available P or K, i.e. the significant correlations were only found in 50% investigated sites for P and 70% investigated sites for K, which implied that there were some limitations in soil P or K analysis methods when used for fertilization recommendation. Thus different indicator systems should be made according to different soil types. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on matter production characteristics under different nitrogen fertilizer amount and planting densities of super indica rice cv. Zhongjiazao 17 XU Chun-mei;ZHOU Chang-nan;ZHENG Gen-shen;WANG Dan-ying;Hu Pei-song;ZHANG Xiu-fu;* 2010, 22(4):  0-508.  Abstract ( 1379 )   PDF (1002KB) ( 1535 )   The indica super rice cv. Zhongjiazao17 was used to study the tiller dynamics, dry matter production characteristics, yield component characteristics and the effects of different amount of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on yield were investigated. The results showed that when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied from 0 to 195 kg·hm-2 and the planting density was from 24×104 to 30×104 hills·hm-2, the yield of rice increased with the increasing planting density. The yield was the highest when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 105 kg·hm-2 in high-density planting pattern, and the yield was the highest when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 150 kg·hm-2 in low-density planting pattern. The stem and sheath weight and the whole dry matter weight at heading stage increased under optimal nitrogen fertilizer application and planting density, which was beneficial to maintaining higher leaf SPAD value during late growth stage, delaying leaf senescence and enhancing the dry matter production after heading stage, thus the new assimilation products (direct supply quantity of assimilates) and apparent export percentage of leaf and stem and sheath increased after heading. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity could be improved under appropriate nitrogen application amount and planting density． Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on transmission mode of field information in precision agriculture QIAN Yan;YIN Wen-qing*;ZHANG Mei-na 2010, 22(4):  0-544.  Abstract ( 872 )   PDF (961KB) ( 1492 )   The progress in transmission mode of field information in precision agriculture was reviewed. Firstly, the importance of transmission mode of field information in precision agriculture was described. Secondly, the characters of wired and wireless transport medium and application fields and the developmental trends were introduced in detail. Thirdly, the comprehensive properties of different methods were compared. Finally, problems in nowadays and trends in future of transmission mode of field information in precision agriculture were proposed． Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in environmental quality assessment of grain crops producing areas BAI Yin-feng;ZHONG Fei;YU De-hong;ZHAO Yan-wen;* 2010, 22(4):  0-532.  Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (958KB) ( 1411 )   Environmental quality of major food crops (rice, wheat and corn) producing areas were analyzed in Huai'an City, including Chuzhou District (M1), Qingpu District (M2), Hongze County (M3) and other 3 districts (counties), using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg) in soil and irrigation water in these areas were selected as evaluation factors. The result showed that the evaluation grades were classified into classⅠ, indicating the environmental quality of the soil and irrigation water reached the level of cleanness, which was quite necessary for the development of green food in these areas. Considering the existence of differences among counties and districts, the development of appropriate food products needs further analysis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance of molecular marker and its application in rice bacterial blight resistance research ZHOU Guo-qiang;YAN Cheng-qi;YANG Yong;YU Chu-lang;WANG Xu-ming;CHEN Jian-ping;* 2010, 22(4):  0-538.  Abstract ( 982 )   PDF (967KB) ( 1306 )   Bacterial blight (BB) is one of the most serious diseases of rice (Oryza sativa),curbing the product of rice-planting zone. As the development of molecular marker technology, it becomes one of the most significant methods to investigate the disease at the molecular level. In this paper, we introduced and compared the common molecular markers developed in recent years. The application and prospects of this technology on genetic mapping and cloning of rice BB resistance genes, as well as molecular assisted breeding, were also reviewed here． Related Articles | Metrics