Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Breeding of rice lines with low glutelin content by molecular marker\|assisted selection#br#

CAI Jin\|yang， YANG Yao\|cheng， XU Wei\|dong， LI Bai， LI Jun*

2015, 27(9): 1505.

Abstract ( 486 )

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The rice low glutelin content gene Lgc1， carried by the donor parent 04DP， was introduced into the local japonica materials by hybridization， and 52 rice lines of F6 generation were obtained. Two pairs of molecular markers were designed according to the base deletion mutation in Lgc1 gene， then 320 plants from these 52 rice lines were detected by these molecular markers， the glutelin content was determined using Coomassie brilliant blue\|G250 method. Results showed that there were 37 homozygous with Lgc1 gene and glutelin contents of 245%-331%; 9 homozygous with normal glutelin gene and glutelin contents of 355%-476%. The molecular marker detection results were in agreement with the glutelin content. Thus， rice lines with low glutelin content were obtained and the Lgc1 gene marker could be used for marker assisted selection breeding.

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Analysis of yield and yield components of barley varieties （lines） in coastal area in Jiangsu during 2007 to 2014#br#

ZHANG Ying\|hu， CHEN He， CHEN Jian， TAO Hong， QIAO Hai\|long， ZANG Hui， LUAN Hai\|ye， SHEN Hui\|quan*

2015, 27(9): 1510.

Abstract ( 465 )

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In order to explore the relationship between yield and the three yield components of barley in Jiangsu coastal areas， 12-15 different barley varieties （lines） were used to analyze the correlation between yield and the three yield components during 2007 to 2014. The results showed that the yield of barley varieties （lines） in this experiment was high， and the highest one reached 8 5620 kg·hm-2. In different years， the correlation coefficient of effective panicles and yield， filled grain number per panicle and yield had negative and positive effect， while the correlation between 1 000 grain weight and yield was positive. The correlation coefficients of effective panicle number， filled grain number per panicle and 1 000 grain weight with yield were 009， 029 and 043 in combined different years data. In different years， the correlation coefficient of yield and three yield components were different among three control varieties， however the correlation coefficients of the effective panicle number and yield were all positive. The results indicated that the relationship of 1 000 grain weight and yield was the biggest among different varieties， and the relationship of effective panicle number and yield was most stable among different years for the same variety.

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Evaluation of fresh pork umami index and study on flavor nucleotides degradation process#br#

2015, 27(9): 1514.

Abstract ( 340 )

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In order to provide theoretical basis for evaluating pork freshness in preservation， fresh pork umami index was evaluated and flavor nucleotides degradation process was investigated in this paper using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The effects of refrigeration on keeping umami of duroc×landrace×Yorkshire commercial pork were investigated at 4℃， the contents of flavor nucleotides\|related compounds， such as inosine 5′\|monophosphate （IMP）， inosine （HxR） and hydroxypurine （Hx） in pork which stored at 4℃， were determined by HPLC at different postmortem time. The K values and the assessing index of umami were calculated. The results were summarized as follows: The investigated compounds including IMP， HxR and Hx showed good linearities in the range of 09-400 mg·mL-1. The average recoveries of IMP，Hx，HxR were 10061%， 9870% and 9911%， respectively， and their repeatability index RSD results of peak area were 101%， 055% and 030%， respectively. This method was accuracy， sensitivity and feasibility to analyze the nucleotides in pork. Meantime， IMP quality ratio remained at a high level during the first 48 h in preservation， increased slightly at postmortem 24 h. K value had no significant change within 24 h， but increased fastly after 24 h and reached to 2948% at postmortem 96 h. The minimum K value was 604 at postmortem 24 h， which indicated that fresh pork had the best umami index at postmortem 24 h at 4℃. The evaluation method of fresh pork umami index was established and optimized in this study.

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Genetic polymorphism of reproductive candidate gene in Erhualian pigs#br#

XU Xiao\|bo1， FENG Yu2， LU Zhi\|qiang2， HU Dong\|wei2， CHEN Zhe1

2015, 27(9): 1519.

Abstract ( 485 )

PDF (582KB) ( 1300 )

The follicle\|stimulating hormone β submit gene （FSHβ）， estrogen receptor gene （ESR） and prolactin receptor gene （PRLR） of Erhualian pigs were investigated using PCR and PCR\|RFLP. The results showed that only AA and AB genotypes were found for FSHβ gene， and AA， AB and BB genotypes were found for ESR and PRLR genes. Pigs with AA genotype for FSHβ had more total number born （TNB） and number born alive （NBA） than AB ones （P<005 or P<001）. Pigs with BB genotype for ESR had more TNB and NBA than AB （P<005） and AA ones （P<001）. Pigs with AA and AB genotypes for PRLR gene had more TNB and NBA than BB ones （P<001）. In the aspect of birth weight （BW） and weaning weight （WW） traits， pigs with AB genotype for FSHβ had higher BW and WW than AA ones （P>005） in the first and multiparity. Pigs with AA genotype for ESR had higher BW than AB and BB ones （P<005）， and had higher WW than BB ones （P<005） in the first and multiparity. Pigs with BB genotype for PRLR had higher WW than AA ones （P<005） in the first and multiparity. FSHβ， ESR and PRLR genes had certain effects on the reproductive traits of Erhualian pigs， so genetic polymorphism of these genes could be used as important genetic markers to study reproductive traits of Erhualian pigs.

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Influencing factors of sows gestation length#br#

2015, 27(9): 1524.

Abstract ( 481 )

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To further understand the reproduction traits of sows and provide reference for pig breeding， 9720 records of gestation length （GL） for Duroc， Landrace and Large White sows from a pig farm during 2005 to 2013 in Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The results indicated that variety， pedigree， farrowing season and year， fetal parity had highly significant effects on gestation length （P<001）. Among different varieties， Landrace had the longest average gestation length of 11653 d， followed by 11417 d in Yorkshire and 11352 d in Duroc. Sows which gave birth to piglets in warm temperature season from June to November had the shortest gestation length in Zhejiang Province. In the first three parities， sows had the longest gestation length at primiparity， and shortest at the second parity. The gestation length was significantly influenced by paternal pedigrees for 125 d difference in Duroc. In recent years， gestation length had a gradual shortening trend in Duroc， Landrace and Large White sows.

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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae selenium and Clostridium butyricum additive on growth， antioxidant ability and intestinal microflora#br#

LIU Hong\|lu， FAN Lei， DAI Xi\|xi， ZHANG Fei\|yan， PAN Kang\|cheng*

2015, 27(9): 1529.

Abstract ( 469 )

PDF (674KB) ( 1420 )

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae selenium and Clostridium butyricum on growth performance， antioxidant ability and intestinal microflora. One hundred and twenty 8\|day\|old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 10 chickens per replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet. The yeast selenium group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 025 mg·kg-1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae selenium. The Clostridium butyricum group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 01% Clostridium butyricum additive. The Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 01% Clostridium butyricum additive and 025 mg·kg-1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae selenium. The experiment lasted for 35 days， growth， antioxidant ability and intestinal microflora of the chickens were determined. The results showed that the average daily weight gain in yeast selenium group， Clostridium butyricum group and Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group were significantly higher than that of the control group （P<001）. The average daily weight gain of Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group was significantly higher than that of the yeast selenium group （P<005）. Feed\|gain ratio of Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group decreased by 446% compared with the control group （P<005）. The total antioxidant ability in serum of the yeast selenium group and Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group increased by 1459% and 1305%， and the total superoxide dismutase in serum increased by 2235% and 2563% （P＞005），respectively. The content of malondialdehyde in serum of Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group was significantly lower than that of the control group （P<001）. Clostridium butyricum could improve the number of Bifidobacterium spp. in jejunum and caecum （P<001） and decrease the number of Enterococcus spp. and E.coli in caecum of chickens （P<001）. The results indicated that the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae selenium and Clostridium butyricum additive could improve the antioxidant ability in serum and the structure of intestinal microflora， the chickens in Se\|riched Clostridium butyricum group had better growth performance in comparison with those in the separate application groups.

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Effects of glutamine on the growth， proliferation and expression of HSP70 in bovine mammary epithelial cells#br#

ZHANG Xiang\|ying1，2， SHI Hong\|xia1， DI He\|shuang2，WANG Gen\|lin1

2015, 27(9): 1535.

Abstract ( 347 )

PDF (902KB) ( 1326 )

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of glutamine on the growth， proliferation and expression of HSP70 gene in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Bovine mammary epithelial cells in logarithmic growth phase were used for test. The cells were cultured in DMEM with different concentrations （0， 05， 10， 20， 40， 80 and 160 mmol·L-1） of glutamine for 24 h， then cells and supernatant were collected. The cells were cultured in DMEM with 8 mmol·L-1 glutamine at 37℃ for 0， 3， 6， 12， 24， 48， 72 h，respectively， then cells and supernatant were collected. The survival rate of cells was detected by MTT assay， LDH activity was detected by colorimetric assay， and the expression levels of HSF\|1 and HSP70 were tested by SYBR GreenⅠFQ\|PCR. The results showed that glutamine promoted the growth and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells. The survival rate of cells was the highest at the glutamine concentration of 20 mmol·L-1， and it maintained higher level at the glutamine concentration of 40-80 mmol·L-1. The expression trend of HSP70 was the same with HSF\|1 and both reached the peak with the glutamine concentration of 80 mmol·L-1 at 24 h. Compared with the optimal dosage of 20 mmol·L-1， it was 849 (P<001） and 590 times （P<001）. These results suggested that glutamine could improve the growth and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro， and it could up\|regulate the expression of HSP70 through promoting the transcriptional activity of HSF\|1 mRNA.

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Effect of lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of water bamboo leaves silage#br#

QIAN Zhong\|cang， YANG Quan\|can*

2015, 27(9): 1541.

Abstract ( 443 )

PDF (436KB) ( 1340 )

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding lactic acid bacteria （LAB） on fermentation quality of water bamboo leaves silage. Water bamboo leaves were added with 0 （control group）， 1×106， 1×105 and 1×104 cfu·g-1 lactic acid bacteria based on fresh weight of water bamboo leaves， respectively. The results showed that adding LAB could significantly increase the contents of crude protein and lactic acid， and the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid， while the pH values and NH3\|N/TN were decreased sharply. Gas production， organic matter digestibility， NH3\|N and volatile fatty acids （VFAs） contents were significantly improved in LAB group based on an in vitro digestion model. Optimal addition of LAB for fermentation quality of water bamboo leaves was 1×105 cfu·g-1 based on fresh weight of water bamboo leaves.

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Change of phosphatases activity in different tissues of grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella） after exposing to Hg2+#br#

NIU Jing\|yan1，2， LIU Zhan\|cai 1，2，*， WANG Yu\|shui1， ZHANG An\|shi1

2015, 27(9): 1545.

Abstract ( 356 )

PDF (532KB) ( 1299 )

In this study， the experimental grass carps were placed in Hg2+ （05mg·L-1） for 24 h first and then in cultivated water. Afterwards， they were sampled at different recovering times （1， 5， 12， 21 d） to test the activity changes of the alkaline phosphates （AKP） and acid phosphates （ACP） in their plasma， gill， hepatopancreas， spleen and kidney. The results were as follows: compared with the control group， the AKP activity in plasma（1 d）， gill（1， 5， 12， 21 d）， hepatopancreas（21 d） and spleen（1 d） decreased significantly （P<005，P<001） and increased remarkably in hepatopancreas（12 d） and kidney（1 d）（P<005， P<001）， while there was no significant differences in plasma（5， 12， 21 d）， hepatopancreas（1，5 d）， spleen（5， 12， 21 d） and kidney（5， 12， 21 d）（P>005）. The ACP activity in gill（1， 5， 12， 21 d）and hepatopancreas（12， 21 d）, spleen （1，5 d） dropped remarkably （P<005， P<001）and rose remarkably in plasma（1， 5 d）， hepatopancreas（1， 5 d）, spleen （1，5 d） and kidney（1 d）（P<005， P<001 ） while there were no obvious changes in plasma（12， 21 d）， spleen（12，21 d） and kidney（5， 12， 21 d）（P>005）. This study indicated that the gill and hepatopancreas were more vulnerable to Hg2+ than plasma， spleen and kidney， and their AKP and ACP actirities were not restored in the trial period.

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Cloning of AtSb10 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and over\|expression of AtSb10 in Arabidopsis thaliana#br#

ZHAO Ying\|jie1，LIU Chun\|lin2，RUAN Ying1，*

2015, 27(9): 1550.

Abstract ( 421 )

PDF (992KB) ( 1529 )

Bioinformatic analysis suggested that AtSb10， whose function and expression profile were unknown， contained two consecutive MATH domain structures. In order to further explore the function of AtSb10 gene， RT\|PCR was used to investigate the expression profile of Atsb10 in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed AtSb10 gene was expressed only in roots， not in stems， leaves， flowers and siliques. Meanwhile， full\|length of AtSb10 was cloned into overexpression binary vector pCAMBIA1300 driven by the CaMV35S promoter. Then this expression vector was transformed into Columbia\|0 ecotype mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101. Ten over\|expression transgenic plants were obtained， which would provide good materials for further studying on the function of Atsb10.

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Effects of different containers on growth and development of summer cucumber under substrate culture in Ningxia#br#

MA Xiao\|yan， GAO Yan\|ming， LI Jian\|she*

2015, 27(9): 1555.

Abstract ( 407 )

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Taking the cucumber variety Jingfeng 298 as test material， we carried out benzene plate foam box， benzene plate foam box without lid， cultivation slot， cultivation bag as four different containers and investigated their effects on growth， photosynthesis and yield of cucumber under substrate culture. The results showed that， after transplanting for 40 days， the height and yield of cucumber cultivated in benzene plate foam box were significantly higher than the other 3 treatments. Diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves in different growth periods cultivated in different containers showed a bimodal curve shape. In the whole growth period of cucumber， changes of the temperature inside benzene plate foam box were more stable than the other 3 treatments. Moreover， single fruit weight in average and fruit diameter cultivated in different containers showed no significant difference， but there were significant differences in fruit length and yield. In conclusion， the benzene plate foam box was suitable for cucumber production under substrate culture in summer.

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Effect of spraying different concentrations of exogenous γ\|aminobutyric acid on growth and nitrogen metabolism of leek#br#

LI Jing\|rui， WANG Xiang， TIAN Zhen， GAO Hong\|bo*， WU Xiao\|lei

2015, 27(9): 1563.

Abstract ( 585 )

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Taking the medium culture leek as experimental material， we studied the effect of spraying different concentrations of gamma aminobutyric acid （GABA） on growth and inorganic nitrogen metabolism of leek under the condition of high nitrogen. The results showed that， the stem height， stem diameter， leaf width， fresh and dry weight of leek were higher in the treatments of 25-100 mmol·L-1 GABA than the control after 6 d， in which 75 mmol·L-1 GABA treatment was the most effective. Compared with the control， the content of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen reduced in the treatments of 25-75 mmol·L-1 GABA during 0-12 days after spraying， while the ammonium nitrogen content and the activity of nitrate reductase （NR）， nitrite reductase （NiR）， glutamic decarboxylase （GAD） increased. The effect of 75 mmol·L-1 GABA treatment was better than the other treatments， which got the most obvious effects on the 6th day. It indicated that GABA sprayed on the leaves of leek could be absorbed， which caused the decrease in nitrate content of leek by inducing the key enzyme activity of NR， NiR and other in inorganic nitrogen metabolism， and finally improved the yield and quality of leek.

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Analysis of dwarf\|related proteins in peach Yu dwarf rootstock No.1 by two\|dimensional gel electrophoresis#br#

FANG Qing1， DU Bao\|wei1， LI Cheng\|bin2， LI Jing3

2015, 27(9): 1569.

Abstract ( 336 )

PDF (1232KB) ( 1289 )

In order to study the dwarfing mechanism of Yu dwarf rootstock No.1， the leaves from Yu dwarf rootstock No.1 and Kansu peach at different growth stages in June， August and September were selected as materials， their differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by two\|dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results of 2\|DE maps showed that peach proteins could be effectively extracted by the lysis buffer containing thiourea with less background， clear protein pots and good repeatability when 90 μg protein was uploaded. The 2\|DE maps of Yu dwarf rootstock No.1 in June， August and September isolated 557， 554 and 441 protein spots， respectively， while 548， 529 and 427 protein spots were detected in Kansu peach at the same stages. Sixteen differentially expressed protein spots between Yu dwarf rootstock No.1 and Kansu peach were selected. Twelve proteins were specifically expressed in June and three proteins were specifically expressed in August in Yu dwarf rootstock No.1， while one protein were differentially expressed in both August and September between Yu dwarf rootstock No.1 and Kansu peach.

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Effects of cerium nitrate on seed germination and several physiological indexes of seedlings in balsam pear under low and sub\|low temperature#br#

SHU Ying\|jie1， ZHOU Yu\|li2， HU Neng\|bing1， SHI Xia\|qing1

2015, 27(9): 1575.

Abstract ( 369 )

PDF (695KB) ( 1344 )

In this study， several indexes of seed germination， seedling growth and physiological characters in balsam pear were investigated under low （13℃） and sub\|low （20℃） temperature with cerium nitrate treatment. The results showed that seed germination and seedling growth were inhibited under low and sub\|low temperature compared with normal temperature （30℃， control）. Germination potential， germination rate， vigor index and activities of dehydrogenase and α\|amylase were increased significantly when seed was soaked with 9214 mmol·L-1 Ce（NO3）3·6H2O under low and sub\|low temperature， meanwhile proline（Pro） content and soluble sugar content also were increased. On the contrary， membrane permeability and malonaldehyde （MDA） content were decreased remarkably. In conclusion， seed soaking with 9214 mmol·L-1 Ce（NO3）3·6H2O could promote seed germination and seedling growth under low and sub\|low temperature condition.

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Effects of Cucumber mosaic virus （CMV） on physiological and biochemical indexes of sweet peppers #br#

SONG Yun\|peng， ZHANG Li\|li， WANG Hong， GONG Fan\|rong*

2015, 27(9): 1580.

Abstract ( 540 )

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In order to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanism of sweet peppers infected by Cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）， two different disease\|resistant sweet peppers were used as materials. Firstly， we detected the inoculated virus types by one\|step RT\|PCR， and a 780 bp band was obtained. Then， we studied the changes of electrolytic leakage， malondialdehyde（MDA）content， soluble protein content， the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， catalase（CAT） and phenylalnine ammonialyase（PAL） during 15 days. The results showed that: after CMV inoculation， while the treating time was prolonged， electrolytic leakage and MDA content exhibited an increasing trend as a whole， and the increase in Shenjiaoyihao with stronger resistance was lower than that in P14004 with weaker resistance. The antioxidant enzyme activities of both test plants increased， except that the SOD activity decreased， and the POD and CAT activity in Shenjiaoyihao showed higher increase rate than P12004. The soluble protein content elevated at first and reduced at last， so did the PAL activity in the two sweet pepper varieties， and both of the two indexes showed higher level in Shenjiaoyihao than in P14004.

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AFLP analysis of different geographic populations of Sargassum horneri along the coast of Zhejiang Province #br#

2015, 27(9): 1586.

Abstract ( 308 )

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Sargassum horneri is one of the important brown algae in coastal waters of Zhejiang Province with high ecological value. Analysis into the genetic diversity of Sargassum horneri populations can provide theoretical reference for resource protection， artificial breeding， and ecological restoration， etc. In this study， the genetic diversity of 80 individuals from 4 populations of Sargassum horneri was analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） method. Twenty primer pairs were selected from 64 primer pairs for the AFLP experiment. It was shown that 407 band loci were detected， of which 270 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci （PPL） was 6634%. The percentage of polymorphic loci in each population varied from 3049% to 4654%， with an average of 3609%. Neis genetic diversity （H） was 0237 5， and Shannons information index （I） was 0374 1. The total genetic diversity for species （Ht） and the mean heterozygosity within populations （Hs） were 0314 2 and 0256 9， respectively. The total Gst was 0182 3， indicating that the major genetic variation was within populations， which accounted for 8177%， and the minor variation was among populations， which accounted for only 1823%. The gene flow within 4 populations was 1121 4， which reflected a certain amount of gene flow within the 4 populations in Zhejiang Province.

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Morphological and molecular study of Monostroma nitidum#br#

WANG Ding\|jing1， MA Jia\|hai1，*， DU Jing1， XIE En\|yi2， SHI Jian\|hua3

2015, 27(9): 1593.

Abstract ( 434 )

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Monostroma collected from Zhejiang Province and Guangdong Province was studied in this paper. Identification was conducted by combining morphological observation and molecular biological methods. At the morphological level， the thallis were soft and slimy， their cross sections were flake， membranous and had monolayer cells. At the molecular level， the result of ITS sequencing analysis showed that all collected samples belonged to the same phylogenetic group， and were identified as Monostroma nitidum. There were two growth ways in M.nitidum: one was asexual reproduction， the other was sexual reproduction. M.nitidum was of great economic value， and it had good prospects for the development and utilization.

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The relationship between Tomato spotted wilt virus disease occurrence and the numbers of Frankliniella occidentalis#br#

LIAO Qian1，2， ZHANG Zhi\|jun2， ZHANG Yu\|xiu2， LYU Yao\|bin1， 2，*

2015, 27(9): 1601.

Abstract ( 353 )

PDF (544KB) ( 1368 )

The invasive pest， Frankliniella occidentalis， was an advantage transmission vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus （TSWV）. To understand the relationship between TSWV occurrence and the numbers of F.occidentalis， the TSWV\|infectious rates of surrounding plants were compared by releasing different numbers of vectors successively， then analyzed the correlation between plant TSWV\|infectious rate and mean feeding scar number， and final number of F.occidentalis vectors. It was indicated that the more vector numbers， the higher TSWV incidence of healthy plants， which explained that TSWV vector F.occidentalis could obviously accelerate the speed of TSWV\|infectious rate. Meanwhile， transmission rate mediated by TSWV\|infectious vector was higher than that mediated by infectious host plant， and the speed of host plant infection rate had the same pattern， with the result of plant TSWV\|infectious final rate reached 833% after six weeks post\|treatment. In addition， there was significantly positive correlation between the plant TSWV\|infectious rate and the mean number of feeding scar （P<005）， but didnt show the same trend in final vectors number. In the end， controlling vectors number from the beginning could be an important strategy for decreasing TSWV disease occurrence.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of CCCSNs on several kinds of wood rotting fungi#br#

2015, 27(9): 1606.

Abstract ( 348 )

PDF (882KB) ( 1334 )

Wood/bamboo preservation technology is important for extending the outdoor timber life and wood application. Exploitation of energy\|saving and environment protective materials and technology are the key issues for the wood/bamboo preservation. A new type of carbon\|copper core\|shell nanoparticles （CCCSNs）， of which Cu are homogeneously embedded in carbon black as a composite material， was regarded as an environment\|friendly material. This paper investigated the effects of CCCSNs on antimicrobial activity of wood rotting fungi， and the activities of ligninolytic enzyme secreted by white rot fungi and cellulose secreted by brown rot fungi under CCCSNs treatments. We used PDA solid medium added with seven different mass concentrations of CCCSNs and calculated the antibacterial rate of four experimental strains. Moreover， we also detected activities of lignin peroxidase， laccase， manganese peroxidase and cellulose in nitrogen\|unlimited and nitrogen\|limited medium added with different mass concentrations of CCCSNs. The results showed that， when the concentration of CCCSNs was over or equal to 030 g·L-1， the growth of wood rotting fungi was inhibited stably. While the concentration of CCCSNs was 010 g·L-1 or above， it extremely decreased the activities of ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungi and cellulose of brown rot fungi. All the results showed that CCCSNs can effectively inhibit the growth of wood rotting fungi and induce the degrading enzymes， which was of great value in wood/bamboo preservation technology.

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Duplex PCR detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in soybean#br#

YANG Wan\|feng1， LIU Yan2， LIU Xiang1， SHAO Pei\|ze1， CHEN Yun\|qing1， ZHAO Wen\|jun3

2015, 27(9): 1612.

Abstract ( 439 )

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The objective of this study was to establish a duplex PCR method for simultaneous detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola（Psp） and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens（Cff）. Based on the argK gene of Psp in GenBank， the primers PSPF1/PSPR2 were designed. The duplex PCR assay was developed using the combining primers PSPF1/PSPR2 and CffF1/CffR2， which were specific primers for Cff gene. The reaction conditions were optimized and the specificity and sensitivity of the duplex PCR were tested. The expected DNA fragment was specifically amplified from the genomic DNA of Psp and Cff. Specificity was confirmed in the artificially inoculated soybean samples imported. Thus， the duplex PCR developed in this study could be used for the simultaneous detection of the two pathogens from imported soybean.

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Effects of fertilizer regulation on occurrence of leaffolder， Cnaphalocrocts medinalis and rice production#br#

2015, 27(9): 1619.

Abstract ( 517 )

PDF (666KB) ( 1341 )

Using rice cultivars Zhejing 88 and Yongyou 18 as materials， the effects of modified schedules of fertilizer application on the population of leaffolder and its natural enemies in rice field， and yields had been evaluated. Local farmers traditional fertilization in Yuyao and Linhai in Zhejiang province were used as control. Modified schedules of fertilizer application include reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer， postponing nitrogen technique， and NPK coordinated application. The results indicated that there were no significant difference on the rate of roll leaf， the population of main predators and parasitoids in the rice field at all growth period between modified fertilizer application schedule and control. However， the population of leaffolder larvae at tillering and panicle stage with modified fertilizer application schedule was significantly lower than those in control. Furthermore， nitrogen fertilizer usage， rice production and economic output in Zhejing 88 and Yongyou 18 followed with modified fertilizer application schedule were reduced by 2689% and 1268%， increased by 985% and 1258%， and increased 1551 Yuan·667m-2 and 2118 Yuan·667m-2than those in control， respectively. The fertilizer regulation scheme was presented in this paper can effectively reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage and relieve the larval population of rice leaffolder in paddy field. It is a useful tactic to control agricultural pollution and ensure food security in China.

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Selection and optimization of conditions for electric field strengthened microbial degradation of oil\|contaminated soil#br#

JIN Fen， SUN Xian\|feng

2015, 27(9): 1625.

Abstract ( 369 )

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In the present study， two oil degradation bacteria W\|1， W\|2 were isolated and used to optimize reaction conditions by single\|factor and orthogonal experiments on electric field， electrode materials and electric field strength. It was shown that as for W\|1， when the electric field was parallel grid， electrode material was graphite electrode， and the electric field strength was 150 V·m-1， the oil degradation rate was the highest. As for W\|2， when the electrode material was graphite， electric field was parallel\|plate， and electric field strength was 200 V·m-1， the oil degrading rate was the highest.

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The relationship between agricultural economic growth and environmental pollution in Western China#br#

MA Nai\|yi， LUO Jun\|ren*

2015, 27(9): 1631.

Abstract ( 424 )

PDF (1315KB) ( 1511 )

Based on the panel data of Western China region from 2000 to 2012， this article used the environmental Kuznets curve theory to establish the EKC panel data model and investigated the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental pollution. The results showed that relationship between emission of agricultural fertilizer as well as economic growth appeard U\|shape relation， while pesticides and plastic film emissions increased linearly along with the economy. Therefore the increase of agricultural economy exacerbated the emission of pollutants and had obvious negative impact on the environment. Under the pressures of fast economic growth， the environmental protection in Western China should alleviate the upward pressure from agricultural production and reduce its damage to the environment to the minimum， especially for the usage of fertilizer， pesticides and plastic film. Meanwhile， government should also put forward related policies， cooperating with the increase of peoples environmental awareness， to promote harmony agriculture.

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Screening and identification of a high pigment production Monascus strain and optimization of its solid fermentation conditions #br#

JIANG Dong\|hua， SUN Lei， CHEN Can， XIE Xiang\|cong， JI Hao

2015, 27(9): 1639.

Abstract ( 352 )

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One Monascus strain Mp\|41 with high pigment production ability was isolated from red kojic rice collected all over China. According to its morphology and ITS sequences， the strain Mp\|41 was identified as Monascus purpureu. The solid fermentation conditions of Mp\|41 were optimized by response surface method. It was shown that the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: long rice as substrate， initial moisture content of 4481%， initial pH of 60， culture temperature of 32℃， inoculation amount of 265 mL·30g-1， and fermentation time of 1019 d. Under this condition， the color value of red kojic rice after fermentation was the highest （5 3404 U·g-1）， which was 2-3 times as much as those sold in the market.

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Non\|destructive detection of blueberry hardness based on near\|infrared diffused spectroscope#br#

XUE Lu1，LIU Xiao\|lu1， LU Xiao\|xiang1，ZHANG Peng2，CHEN Shao\|hui2，LI Jiang\|kuo2

2015, 27(9): 1646.

Abstract ( 366 )

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In order to establish mathematical model between near infrared diffuse reflection （NIR） spectroscopy and hardness of blueberry， the hardness of TPA and puncture was detected by texture analyzer. After scanning the blueberry in the spectral region between 400-2 500 nm， the influence of different spectral preprocessing methods on the model was compared. Then 40 unknown samples were predicted by the optimal model， in order to verify the veracity and stability of the model. The results showed that the correlation coefficient of prediction（R2p）of TPA hardness was 0875 2， the root mean square error of prediction （SEP） was 0251 and relative percent deviation of prediction （RPD） was 282; correlation coefficient of prediction（R2p）of puncture hardness was 0717 8， the root mean square error of prediction （SEP） was 0024 and relative percent deviation of prediction （RPD） was 210. Therefore the model was stable， which could meet the requirements of practical application and indicated that the fast nondestructive measurement of blueberry hardness using NIR spectroscopy technique was feasible.

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Cluster analysis of cultivated land use efficiency based on Kohonen network and DEA cross evaluation#br#

LIU Xuan1， NIU Hai\|peng1， DONG Guo\|quan1， LIU Wen\|kai2

2015, 27(9): 1652.

Abstract ( 436 )

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In the present study， DEA intersection model was selected to evaluate cultivated land use efficiency based on social and economic data collected from the statistical yearbook， and the evaluation results were clustered with Kohonen neural network to analyze spatial distribution features of cultivated land use efficiency in Henan Province. It was shown that the DEA cross efficiency evaluation model could avoid spurious effective decision making units， and the evaluation value was relatively low， which indicated that the evaluation result was objective， accurate， and able to avoid the subjectivity of man\|made classification index weight. The increasing input level could promote the utilization efficiency of farmland， while the influence of utilization degree on cultivated land use efficiency was minor. The cultivated land use efficiency in Nanyang， Shangqiu， Puyang， Sanmenxia， Xuchang， Xinxiang， was relatively high and stable. Cluster analysis exhibited obvious regional differences in spatial distribution of cultivated land use efficiency in Henan Province. The cultivated land use efficiency in the northwest plain area was high， while the cultivated land use efficiency in the eastern and southern regions was relatively low.

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Quality assessment of wine grape merlot based on fuzzy system analysis in Hexi region#br#

2015, 27(9): 1659.

Abstract ( 411 )

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Investigation on the main factors that affect the quality of wine grape Merlot， could be used to improve the grape breeding and selection， and to provide the theoretical basis of wine grape industry upgrade in Hexi region. The nine evaluation indexes of the grape quality in Hexi region were analyzed and optimized with the fuzzy system analysis， so as to reveal the main factors which affected the Merlot grape quality， and its quality was graded in Hexi Region. The results showed that the main factors which affected the Merlot grape quality in Hexi region were titratable acid，phenol， tannins， anthocyanin， total sugar and soluble solids. Moreover， the nine evaluation index of the grape quality were optimized. According to the evaluation index vector， the result showed that more than 90% of Merlot grape quality was better than the second class in Hexi region. Thus， the six indexes of titratable acid，phenol， tannins， anthocyanin， total sugar， soluble solids can be used as the simple indicators to evaluate the quality of Merlot grape.

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Relationships between agricultural carbon emissions and economic growth: An empirical test by environmental Kuznets curve#br#

HONG Ye\|ying1，2

2015, 27(9): 1664.

Abstract ( 444 )

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In the present study， agricultural carbon emission in Tibet during 1998\|2012 was estimated by carbon conversion coefficient method， which was put forward by IPCC. The relationship of agricultural input， carbon emission per unit area of breeding and planting industry with economic growth was explored by econometrics analysis via SPSS 115， and the compliance of these relationships with environmental Kuznets Curve was verified. It was shown that agricultural input， carbon emission per unit area of breeding and planting industry exhibited a significant inverted “U” shape， which possessed the characteristics of EKC hypothesis graphic trend. The turning point emerged in the year of 2015， 2007 and 2003. Agricultural carbon emissions， especially the carbon emission intensity of agricultural input would rise over a period with the elevated agricultural economic development level.

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Farmers technical efficiency and its influencing factors under the constraints of low carbon: Based on the Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps#br#

YAN Lu1， LI Peng2

2015, 27(9): 1670.

Abstract ( 463 )

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Depending on the survey of 208 households in Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， we used DEA\|Tobit two stage analysis framework to study the farmers technical efficiency and its influencing factors under the constraints of low carbon. The results showed that: firstly， farmers technical efficiency was improved under the constraints of low carbon， and the efficiency of the wheat was generally higher than that of cotton. The technical efficiency of small\|scale farmers was improved， while the technical efficiency of large\|scale farmers was reduced. Secondly， the internal factors which lead to the farmers technical inefficiency was the input redundancy. Among them， the main investment redundancy of cotton were pesticides， plastic film， irrigation， agricultural machinery， the main investment redundancy of wheat were labor， pesticides， agricultural machinery. At the same time， we found that farmers age and educational level had positive impact on technology efficiency， households planting time had a negative impact on technical efficiency， the sizes of family and labor force had no significant impact on technical efficiency.

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Review of near infrared spectroscopy and mid\|infrared spectroscopy in the analysis and detection of inorganic metals

ZHU Xiang\|rong1，2，LI Gao\|yang1，2，SHAN Yang1，2，*

2015, 27(9): 1677.

Abstract ( 427 )

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Due to the advantage of rapid and non\|destructive, environment protecting determination,
near infrared spectroscopy （NIRS） and mid\|infrared spectroscopy （MIRS） are widely applied in the areas of environment， agriculture， food， biology， medicine and petrochemical， etc.
Theoretically， there is no absorption band for inorganic metal in the NIR and MIR region. However， the complex or chelation of inorganic components with organic matter， metal oxides and nonmetallic oxides are able to be reflected in the NIR spectra and MIR spectra， and thus makes relevant detection possible. This paper reviewed the quantitative and qualitative detection method and mechanism of inorganic metals in sediments， soil， compost， animals， plants， biological samples， and the enrichment methods combined with NIRS to achieve the detection of metal ions in aqueous solution were also discussed.

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