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25 August 2015, Volume 27 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Identification of indica\|japonica attribute and prediction of heterosis using InDel markers in rice#br# ZHAO Xiao\|yan1，2， YE Sheng\|hai2， LI Xiao\|hua2， ZHAI Rong\|rong2， YU Peng1，2， JIN Qing\|sheng2， ZHANG Xiao\|ming2，* 2015, 27(8):  1309.  Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (912KB) ( 1358 )   In this paper， indica\|japonica attribute of rice varieties including Zhejing 4A， 22 restorer lines and their combinations were analyzed by 21 pairs of insertion/deletion （InDel） molecular markers. The relationship between the parents genetic distances and heterosis was studied based on production traits of the combinations， and the feasibility for using InDel markers genetic distance to predict heterosis was also analyzed. Indica\|japonica attribute of each rice variety was identified by NTSYS clustering analysis with the polymorphism of the materials on the InDel site， and the results was basically identical with Wang Ming\|juns. The results showed that genetic distance had significantly positive correlation with total grains per panicle， grains per panicle， grain weight per plant， and the coefficients （R2） were 0627**， 0602**， 0712**， respectively， and had positive correlation with panicles per plant （R2=0426*）， but showed no significant positive correlation with seed setting rate and thousand seed weight， the coefficients （R2） were 0217 and 0004， respectively. This study indicated that the InDel markers could be used to identify indica\|japonica attribute and to predict the heterosis in rice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic analysis and mapping of a brassinosteroid insensitive and cleistogamy mutant in rice （Oryza sativa） WEI Xi\|juan1，2， ZHANG Xiao\|ming3， WANG Fang2， DENG Min\|juan2，*， YI Ke\|ke2 2015, 27(8):  1317.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (1694KB) ( 1545 )   Abstract: A cleistogamy mutant fod （floret opening defective） was isolated by ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS） from a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui09 （XS09）. Compared with the wild type XS09， the mutant fod showed reduced plant height， round seeds and closed spikelets. Physiological experiments showed that the mutant fod was insensitive to the exogenous brassinosteroid （BR）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. The Osfod gene was mapped on the chromosome 7 between the mark P8 and P9, which was 296 kb in length. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and sequence analysis of IGF\|I gene in Tibetan pig and Yanan pig#br# LI Wei1，#，Zhang Fei\|yan1，#，SONG Ting\|ting1，GU Xiao\|xiao1，LIU Hong\|lu1，PAN Da\|min1，HAN Shu\|bing1，PAN Kang\|cheng1，2，* 2015, 27(8):  1324.  Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (1746KB) ( 1349 )   To study the impact of IGF\|I gene on the growth of Tibetan pig and Yanan pig， a pair of primers was designed by sus scrofa IGF\|I gene sequence from GenBank（Accession number：DQ1211321），the total RNAs were extracted by using Trizol from the livers of Tibetan pig and Yanan pig and used as template to amplify IGF\|I gene by RT\|PCR，the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19\|T vector and the recombinant plasmids pMD19T\|IGF\|I were constructed and sequenced. The sequencing results indicated that the IGF\|I gene consisted of 612 nucleotides，containing a complete ORF of 462 bp ecoding 153 amino acids. The two IGF\|I gene sequences shared high homology with the porcine IGF\|I gene reported by Muller, et al.，which had an identity of 100% in Tibetan pig and 9961% in Yanan pig. It shared 9961% homology between the Tibetan pig and Yanan pig IGF\|I gene. An A→G mutation occurred in the 258 bp of Yanan pig， but the corresponding amino acid was not changed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of novel duck reovirus by qRT\|PCR#br# HAN Hong\|yu1，2，MA Xiu\|li2，HUANG Bing2，LI Jian\|liang1，ZHANG Yu\|yao1，YU Ke\|xiang2，*，CUI Yan\|shun1，* 2015, 27(8):  1331.  Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (1190KB) ( 1451 )    A pair of specific primers targeted to gene S1 of the novel duck reovirus （NDRV） was designed in this study， and a fluorescent quantitative RT\|PCR （qRT\|PCR） assay based on SYBR Green Ⅰ fluorescent was also developed for novel duck reovirus （NDRV） detection. The standard curve was plotted based on the linear relationship between the amount of plasmid DNA and the cycle threshold.The sensitivity test showed that the detection limit of qRT\|PCR was about 15 copies for the cDNA of target gene， and the minimum detectable amount of the virus was 05 TCID50. This method only detected NDRV， but not the duck tembusu virus （DTMUV）， A\|type duck hepatitis virus （DHV\|1）， C\|type duck hepatitis virus （DHV\|3）， muscovy duck reovirus （MDRV）， egg drop syndrome virus （EDSV）， duck Newcastle disease virus （NDV）， duck plague virus （DPV）， and Riemerella anatipestifer （RA）. The method had good repeatability with intra\|assay variation coefficients of 032%-091% and inter\|assay variation coefficients of 103%-151%. The feces of artificially infected ducks were detected by the method， it was found that 2-12 d after attack was the detoxification period， of which 3-6 d was the peak. It took only 4 hours from receiving the clinical samples to obtaining the detection results by this method， which was more sensitive than conventional RT\|PCR assay. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacological mechanism of “Compound Chai Qin Particles” in treating duck chronic poisoning of aflatoxin B1#br# LI Yang， GAO Zhu， RONG Qian， YANG Xiao\|min， ZHANG Rui， LI Ying\|lun* 2015, 27(8):  1337.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (1937KB) ( 1311 )   The aflatoxin B1（AFB1） chronic poisoning model of meat ducklings was set up， and the feeding treatments included the normal group， the model group， positive control group （sodium selenite feeding group）， “Compound Chai Qin Particles” groups with high， middle， low doses. Serum， liver and kidney were taken to detect the AFB1 content， blood biochemical and oxidative stress indexes to discuss the pharmacological mechanism of “Compound Chai Qin Particles” in treating duck chronic poisoning of AFB1. Compared with the model group， AFB1 content in liver and kidney decreased significantly in three dose “Compound Chai Qin Particles” groups （P<005）， AKP activity， GOT activity and GPT activity decreased significantly （P<005）， SOD activity increased significantly， but MDA content significantly decreased in serum of the three dose “Compound Chai Qin Particles” groups （P<005）. During 7 or 14 d， the indexes were closer to the normal ones in the middle\|dose of “Compound Chai Qin Particles” group. It was concluded that “Compound Chai Qin Particles” could effectively control ducks chronic poisoning of AFB1， reduce the degree of liver cell membrane damage or cell necrosis， inhibit lipid peroxidation， and increase the antioxidant abilityof liver. And middle\|dose group showed the best effect during the period of 7 d or 14 d after setting up model by AFB1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adjuvant effect of glycyrrhetinic acid liposome on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice#br# LU Yu1，ZHAO Xiao\|juan1，HUANG Ye\|e2，YU Yun2，WANG De\|yun2，* 2015, 27(8):  1345.  Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (586KB) ( 1318 )   In order to study the action mechanism of glycyrrhetinic acid liposome （GAL） ， 100 mice were vaccinated by ovalbumin along with glycyrrhetinic acid liposome （GAL）， glycyrrhetinic acid （GA）， liposome （BL） or oil （OIL） in four groups. Blood samples were collected to measure antibody titers， IL\|2 and IFN\|γ by ELISA assay; cell mediated immune response was detected by MTT assay. The results showed that GAL could improve the secretion of IgG， IL\|2 and IFN\|γ， and significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation in comparison with glycyrrhetinic acid， liposome and oil. The present study demonstrated that the activity of glycyrrhetinic acid encapsulated with liposome was enhanced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dietary VD3 on production performance， slaughter performance， immune function and meat quality of broilers#br# ZHANG Bian\|ying， HE Dong\|chang*， WANG Fang， ZHANG Hong\|gang， ZHANG Yuan\|qing， SHANGGUAN Ming\|jun， WU Xia， FAN Ai\|fang 2015, 27(8):  1350.  Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (546KB) ( 1301 )   To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation vitamin D3 on growth performance， slaughter performance， immune function and meat quality of broilers， 200 one\|day\|old Avian broiler chicks were randomly divided into two treatments with five replicates of 20 chicks. The chicks in the control group were fed with a corn\|soybean basal diet and the chicks in the experimental group were fed with a corn\|soybean basal diet supplemented with vitamin D3（2 000 IU·kg-1）. The trial period was 42 days， including 2 weeks of preliminary feeding period and 4 weeks of trial period. The results showed that there was no significant difference in broiler production performance between the control chicks and experimental chicks（P>005）. In comparison with the control group， dietary vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on slaughter weight， semi\|eviscerated weight， and eviscerated weight; the ratio of feed to weight increased by 3080% in the fourth week （P>005） ; the abdominal fat percentage was decreased by 2383%（P<005）. Moreover， the heart weight， liver weight， spleen index and bursa fabricius index in the experimental group were increased by 1093%， 2109%， 2705% and 4615%， respectively， compared with the control one， but there was no significant difference between two treatments（P>005）. Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on meat quality of broilers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of carbon sources on moenomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ghanaensis#br# CHE Yang， ZHAO Chun\|tian， QIU Juan\|ping 2015, 27(8):  1355.  Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (792KB) ( 1292 )   The effective carbon sources were screened by the growth curve of Streptomyces ghanaensis and the transcription analyses of moenomycin biosynthetic genes. The results indicated that residual sugar concentration in the fermentation medium reached the lowest level at 84 h. At the moment， the addition of glucose and sucrose with high concentrations could obviously inhibit the moenomycin biosynthesis. The RT\|PCR results showed that the transcription level of the moenomycin biosynthetic genes were promoted by the addition of sucrose. The final titer of moenomycin was improved by 143% with the addition of 05% sucrose. The addition of sucrose could promote the synthesis of related substrates involved in moenomycin biosynthesis. As a result， the moenomycin yield was improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and analysis of rDNA ITS sequences from Vanda plants#br# WANG Qiao\|ying， ZHANG Xue， ZUO Shi\|xuan， ZHENG Meng\|ru， ZHANG Meng\|qiong， ZHANG Yan\|ru， JIANG Ming* 2015, 27(8):  1362.  Abstract ( 478 )   PDF (1828KB) ( 1328 )   To provide evidences for molecular identification and genetic diversity studies， rDNA ITS sequences of 7 Vanda plants were isolated. ITS sequences were cloned by polymerase chain reaction using leaf genomic DNA as templates， and bioinformatic analysis was performed. Results indicated that the full length of ITS sequences ranged from 653 to 657 bp， and the sequences of 58S and ITS2 were conserved with an identical length of 163 and 260 bp， respectively; however， sequence length of ITS1 varied from 230-234 bp. The 58S sequences of 7 Vanda plants were identical， while some cases of transitions， transversion， and deletions/insertions were identified in both ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the average genetic distance of 7 Vanda plants was 0021， and they were divided into 3 groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and expression analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in tomato#br# ZHENG Qing\|song1， LI Hai\|dan2， FENG Kun1， Han Ying3， PANG Xin3， LIU Yun\|fei4 2015, 27(8):  1367.  Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 1338 )   Carotenoids， a group of high oxidation of fat\|soluble substances in photosynthetic tissues， are known to be abundance in tomato. Tomato is one of the important vegetables all over the world， including China. Research on genes involved in their biosynthesis can provide further information regarding the molecular mechanism in divergent tissues. In this study， identification and expression analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in tomato were performed by bioinformatics methods based on tomato whole genome sequencing information. Results showed that a total of 47 carotenoid biosynthesis genes were identified， which were distributed unevenly on all these chromosomes， other than chromosome 9. Identification， genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis would help revealing the potential mechanisms responsible for the evolution of genes within and among species. RNA\|Seq analysis showed that these genes were involved in different tissues of the cultivated tomato， including root， stem， leaf， flower and fruit， suggesting an important role in vegetative and reproductive growth in tomato. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on molecular regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry#br# MIAO Li\|xiang1， RONG Ning\|ning1，2， ZHANG Yu\|chao1， YANG Xiao\|fang1， ZHANG Qin3， JIANG Gui\|hua1，* 2015, 27(8):  1373.  Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (5747KB) ( 1358 )   In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry， the DNA and cDNA sequences of MYB10 and MYB1 gene were amplified from seven strawberry varieties （lines）， Akihime， Benihoppe， Toyonaka， Honghua， Yueli， Yuezhu and 10\|26\|77. The promoter sequences of MYB10 and MYB1 gene were also amplified from genomic DNA. The gene expression patterns and anthocyanin contents in different developmental stages of Akihime and 10\|26\|77 were screened using SYBR Green\|Ⅰ real\|time fluorescent quantitative PCR and HPLC， respectively. The results showed that there was no difference in MYB10 and MYB1 genes at cDNA level among strawberry varieties， but there were different SSR sites in DNA sequences. MYB10 played a major role in the regulation of flavonoid/phenylpropanoid metabolism during ripening of Fragaria ×ananassa fruits. And the anthocyanin contents were consistent with changes in the MYB10 gene expression in different fruit stages. The difference in promoter of MYB10 was the main cause of difference in gene expression， which led to the difference in the anthocyanin content and fruit color of strawberry cultivars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and optimization of the regeneration system for lettuce using TDZ#br# WANG Xing\|cui， LYU Jin\|fu， XUE Qi\|qin， YANG Tian\|hui， PEI Hua\|li， LI Mei\|qin* 2015, 27(8):  1381.  Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (706KB) ( 1297 )   Lettuce cultivar Hongkong glass lettuce was used as the test material to establish a high frequency regeneration and rapid propagation system. Effects of different sterilization methods on disinfection of seed, the growth of seedling， and the relationship between different hormones and medium on the induction callus of cotyledon， differentiation and rooting were studied. The results were as follows: When the lettuce seeds were treated for 60 s with 70% ethanol， followed by 2% NaClO for 10 min， the germination rate reached 98%， and the sterile seedlings grew well on MS medium. 3-5 d cotyledons should be selected as explants， and the optimal condition of adventitious buds was MS medium combined with 01 mg·L-1 TDZ and 01 mg·L-1 NAA while the differentiation rate reached 833% and differentiation index was 77. The medium of MS+ 03 mg·L-16\|BA+01 mg·L-1 NAA was optimal for the following generation and proliferation culture. The combination of NAA and IAA was beneficial for rooting， and the optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS medium with 005 mg·L-1 NAA and 05 mg·L-1 IAA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Difference of cadmium uptake and accumulation in vegetables under different planting patterns#br# GUO Xiao\|jing1，2， HU Cheng\|xiao1，2， ZHAO Xiao\|hu1，2，*， TAN Qi\|ling1，2， SUN Xue\|cheng1，2 2015, 27(8):  1387.  Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (633KB) ( 1281 )   To investigate the differences of cadmium uptake and accumulation in vegetables under different planting patterns， field experiment was carried out with Cd contaminated soil in Daye， Hubei Province. It was shown that Cd contents and accumulations in edible parts of vegetables under the planting pattern of “white turnip\|tomato\|green turnip” were lower than those in vegetable under other planting patterns. In addition， the yields and economic benefits of “white turnip\|tomato\|green turnip” pattern were the highest of all the planting patterns. Meanwhile， Cd accumulation in non\|edible parts of vegetables was higher than that under other planting patterns， except the planting pattern of “white radish\|cowpea\|water spinach\|flower Chinese cabbage”. For all planting patterns， Cd concentrations were higher in leaf vegetables than that in cowpea， tomato and flower Chinese cabbage. According to the above results， the planting pattern “white turnip\|tomato\|green turnip” was recommended for Cd polluted soil， and cowpea， tomato and flower Chinese cabbage were the recommend vegetables. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the CMS germplasm innovation of clubroot resistance in Brassica#br# HU Jing\|feng1，YANG Hong\|li1，XU Xue\|zhong1，HE Jiang\|ming1，*，ZHAO Ying2 2015, 27(8):  1394.  Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (791KB) ( 1305 )   In order to transfer the clubroot resistance genes on A group chromosome of Brassica campestris L.ssp. Pekinensis（Lour.）Olsson to Brassica Oleracea and Brassica napus， radish cabbage cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines C49\|141 with resistance to clubroot and cabbage inbred lines MWZS were used as female and male parents. The material of C49\|141“1/1”×MWZS“3/1” was successfully obtained on the culture medium of MS+100 mg·L-1 6\|BA+008 mg·L-1 NAA on 12 days after pollination by embryo rescue techniques. We used a series of methods to identify chromosome ploidy of plants， including micropropagation of plants，chromosome doubling， bacteria soil inoculation identification， as well as the morphological observation and identification of stomatal guard cell chloroplast number. Finally，We obtained the materials of Brassica napus ZZCZ13000， which was radish cytoplasmic male sterile and resistant to clubroot disease and had chromosome AACC; and interspecific hybridization materials ZZCZ13001， which had chromosome AC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of tissue culture conditions for Dendrobium candidum seeds#br# HU Jia\|li，QI Zheng\|hua，MA Mei\|lan，ZHANG Yue\|kai，ZHU Hong\|xian 2015, 27(8):  1399.  Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (519KB) ( 1349 )    The seed of Dendrobium candidum was used as test materials to compare the effects of seed disinfection methods， agar， organic compound and activated carbon on adventitious buds proliferation and shoots strengthening and roots induction in tissue culture，in order to optimize the preliminary system for the tissue culture of Dendrobium candidum. The results showed that the proliferation of protocorm\|like bodies was higher than multiple shoots. The disinfection method of 75% alcohol （for 30 s）+80% NaClO （for 8 min） was optimum for seeds，which could replace the traditional method of 01% HgCl2. The liquid medium was superior to semi liquid and solid culture medium. Addition of 10% banana juice and 05% activated carbon in culture medium could promote the growth of shoots and roots. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different concentrations of boron on photosynthetic gas exchange， chlorophyll fluorescence and growth in seedling leaves of Brassica rapa L.#br# HUANG Zong\|an1，2， SU Shi\|wen2， SHI Jian\|lei1，2， ZHOU You\|he2， HUANG Ying1，* 2015, 27(8):  1403.  Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (708KB) ( 1495 )   Seedlings of Brassica rapa L. were treated with different concentrations of boric acid （005， 060， 120， 240 mmol·L-1） supplemented in Hoagland solution for 25 d， then photosynthetic gas exchange， chlorophyll fluorescence and the plant growth parameters were characterized from the apically expanded leaves of these seedlings at five\|leaf and one heart stage. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the photosynthetic characteristics and growth parameters between 005 and 060 mmol·L-1 of boron\|treated plants. When the concentration of boron reached 120 mmol·L-1， there were marked decrease in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）， gas conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr）， while the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） was not affected. When the concentration of boron reached 240 mmol·L-1， Pn， Gs and Tr were decreased more sharply, and meanwhile Ci were decreased. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction center （Fv′/Fm′）， the effective quantum yield of PSⅡ （ΦPSⅡ）， photochemical quenching index （qP） and electron transport rate （ETR） decreased greatly， while non\|photochemical quenching coefficient （NPQ）， excess light energy （Ex） and heat dissipation （D=1-Fv′/Fm′） increased more than those in control. When plants were treated with 120 mmol·L-1 of boron， the biomass of shoots and roots were decreased， but the root\|shoot （R/T） ratio was not affected significantly; when plants were treated with 240 mmol·L-1 born， the biomass of shoots and roots were severely lowered， meanwhile， the R/T ratio were also significantly decreased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Waterfront landscape design of the Sun Moon Lake in Shangqiu based on territorial context#br# JIANG Yang1，XU Hong\|xin2，* 2015, 27(8):  1408.  Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (1736KB) ( 1368 )   In the present study， the national and historical culture of Shangqiu was analyzed in the territorial context. The local cultural characteristic of Sun Moon Lake waterfront landscape in Shangqiu was exhibited by means of metaphor and symbol， reference and reconstruction， comparison and fusion， and protection and reproduction. Meanwhile， the roles of historical humanism， landscape hydrophilicity and arrangement of landscape plants were discussed in the city waterfront landscape design， to provide basis for the city waterfront landscape design with territorial characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Variability of avirulence genes in Pyricularia isolates from different hosts#br# YU Huan1，2，JIANG Hua2，WANG Yan\|li2， SUN Guo\|chang2，* 2015, 27(8):  1414.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (880KB) ( 1272 )    Pyricularia fungi could infect not only rice， but also many other gramineous and cyperaceous plants. Many reports indicated that Pyricularia strains from grass around paddy field had relationships with the occurrence of rice blast， and avirulence （AVR） gene played an important role in rice\|blast interaction. AVR genes were often variable and could be used to study the diversity of genetic structure of Pyricularia strains.The present study constructed neighbor\|joining （NJ） trees to analyze 35 Pyricularia strains isolated from grass hosts. The results showed that the isolates were divided into two groups， isolates from Digitaria sanguinalis was a distinct phylogenetic group， and the other isolates from Eleusine indica and Setaria viridis were another phylogenetic group. Meanwhile， 27 pairs of primers were selected to amplify AVR genes from these isolates. The results indicated that the mutation types of AVR genes in these isolates included complete deletions， insertion， partial deletions and multiple fragments， and the main mutation type was complete deletion. We also carried out the statistics to analyze the amplification rate of AVR genes， which implied that none of these isolates contains all AVR genes， and AVR\|Pik/km/kp， PWL3 and PWL4 cannot be amplified in all strains. Moreover， ACE1， AVRPiz\|t， AVR\|Pita1 and PWL1 were not contained in isolates from Digitaria sanguinalis， and there was no AVR\|Pia， AVR\|Pita1， AVR\|Pita2 and PWL2 amplification in isolates from Eleusine indica， and no AVR\|Pii， AVR\|Pia， PWL1 and PWL2 amplifications in isolates from Setaria viridis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the antimicrobial cleansing methods for reducing microorganism in strawberry#br# LIU Yuan\|jing1，2， ZHOU Yu2， CHEN Wen\|xue1， WANG Wen2， WANG Qiang1，2，* 2015, 27(8):  1422.  Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (1142KB) ( 1329 )   In order to find new alternative sterilizing agents for reducing microorganism in strawberry， in this paper， strawberries were washed with tap water， 002% sodium hypochlorite， 20% lactic acid， 20% malic acid， 20% citric acid， 01% sodium chlorite and 01% acidified sodium chlorite （pH 23） for 2 and 10 min， respectively. And the inactivation effects of these disinfectants on removing the aerobic bacteria， Escherichia coli， yeast， filamentous fungi and Salmonella typhimurium in strawberries were investigated. Then the best cleaning method was obtained according to the inactivation effects. The results showed that washing with 01% acidified sodium chlorite for 2 min could achieve the most bacterial reduction， followed by washing with 20% lactic acid， 20% citric acid and 20% malic acid for 10 min. So 01% acidified sodium chlorite was potentially to be the best choice for strawberry cleaning， even for other fruits and vegetables. Related Articles | Metrics

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CLIMEX prediction and risk analysis on the potential distribution of Sitophilus granarius in China#br# XIE Xiao1，CHEN Wu\|jian1，LIN Xiao\|jia1，REN Jie1，LOU Bing\|gan2，* 2015, 27(8):  1428.  Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (3235KB) ( 1302 )    Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus is an important pest worldwide. At present， it only appears in a few areas in China， but it is necessary to predict its suitable living areas in China. According to the geographical distribution of S.granarius and the related climate parameter， we analyzed its adaptability in China using the CLIMEX （adaptability analysis software） and ArcGIS （geographic information system）. The results showed that under the current climate conditions， S.granarius has a broad spectrum of adaptability and a wide distribution， the geographical distribution approximately accounted for half of China， which was mainly concentrated in the southeast of China. Almost all the provinces were the adaptability areas of S.granarius except Xinjiang province. Therefore， we must enhance the quarantine strength of S.granarius in China\|imported grain and domestic grain transportation， take corresponding prevention and control measures to strictly prevent the invasion and spread of this pest. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dissipation dynamics of chlorfenapyr in broccoli flowers and leaves under greenhouse and open field conditions#br# XU Ming\|fei1，SUN Cai\|xia1，ZHANG Hu1，LIU Da\|qun2，ZHANG Qi1，YE Xue\|zhu1 2015, 27(8):  1435.  Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (550KB) ( 1249 )   In the present study， the initial deposition of chlorfenapyr in broccoli was set as 337 and 506 g·hm-2 to study the residues and dissipation dynamics of chlorfenapyr in broccoli flowers and leaves under both greenhouse and open field conditions. The result showed that the half life of chlorfenapyr in broccoli flowers was 77-173 d，and was 693 d in leaves. According to the maximum residue limits （MRLs） of China，EU and Japan， with the use dosage of 337-506 g·hm-2 and 1 time application，the pre\|harvest interval （PHI） of chlorfenapyr in broccoli flowers was suggested to be 14 d，in order to meet the standards of domestic consumption and exportation to EU. As the residue of chlorfenapyr in broccoli leaves was relatively high and hard to dissipate，broccoli leave was not suggested for consumption with this application dosage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of gall disease of Cryptomeria fortunei by fourier transform infrared spectra#br# LUO Jin\|yan1， YU Hui1， CHEN Lei1， WANG Li2， YANG Chun\|lan2， YANG Ying\|zi2， LI Bin2，* 2015, 27(8):  1440.  Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (451KB) ( 1264 )   Cryptomeria fortunei is one of the rare timber materials， with highly ornamental value. Unfortunately， its population in Linan city， Zhejiang Province， China， declined sharply recently， which was mainly due to gall disease. Our study may present a promising strategy to reduce the damage of gall disease by identifying this disease using fourier transform infrared （FTIR）. The result demonstrated that 2 85206 cm-1 was observed in FTIR of the infected trunk， but not in FTIR of uninfected trunk. In contrast， 3 74275，1 42555，1 26758，1 15993and 89875 cm-1 were specific to the uninfected trunk of C.fortunei. Furthermore， the peak at 2 85220 cm-1 appeared only in uninfected leaves of C.fortunei. Therefore， these differential peaks between infected and uninfected tissues could be used as the biomarker to identify the gall disease， which indicated that FTIR spectra may provide an alternative method for rapid identification of gall disease of C.fortunei. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial distribution and dominating factors analysis of ecological quality of cultivated land based on entropy\|weighting TOPSIS method： A case study of Xinzheng City， Henan Province#br# CHEN Ning\|li1， ZHANG Hong\|fang2， ZHANG He\|bing1，*， SI Zhao\|xia1 2015, 27(8):  1444.  Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 1275 )   Evaluation of ecological quality of cultivated land and analysis of its influence factors would be helpful for the sustainable utilization of cultivated land. In the present study， Xinzheng City in Henan Province was chosen as the study area， and an evaluation index system for cultivated land quality including 13 evaluation indices was constructed from the perspectives of natural resources， ecological stress and ecological benefits. The ecological quality of cultivated land in Xinzheng City was evaluated by entropy\|weighting TOPSIS method and GIS spatial analysis， and dominating factors influencing the ecological quality of cultivated land were explored via obstacle degree model. It was shown that the overall ecological quality of cultivated land in Xinzheng City was good. The cultivated land in the east， southwest and northwest of Xinzheng City exhibited a higher ecological quality， while that in the south and north around city showed a lower ecological quality. Proportions of 1st， 2nd， 3rd， 4th and 5th class cultivated land were 2544%， 4194%， 815%， 933% and 1514%， respectively. The dominating factors of the ecological quality of cultivated land in Xinzheng City were the forest network proportion， per capita grain yield， synthetic index of soil pollution， soil organic matter content and thickness of soil layer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of low\|molecular weight organic acids on dechlorination of 4\|ClBP by nanoscale zero\|valent iron#br# LIU Lin\|hao1，2， WANG Yu2， LI Guo\|hua1， FANG Guo\|dong2， WANG Lei3，4，* 2015, 27(8):  1451.  Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (552KB) ( 1285 )   Nanoscale zero\|valent iron （NZVI） has been used to reduce polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）. However， the effect of dissolved organic matter （DOM） on the dechlorination of PCBs was not well recognized. This study examined the effect of three low weight molecule organic acids， including salicylic acid （SA）， tannic acid （TA） and gallic acid （GA）， which are widely present in soil， on the dechlorination and removal efficiency of 4\|ClBP by NZVI. After 96 h reaction， the dechlorination efficiency of 4\|ClBP by NZVI was 650%， and the removal efficiency was 740%. The dechlorination and removal efficiency of 4\|ClBP were 540% and 699% with SA， 612% and 708% with TA， and 546% and 695% with GA， respectively. The addition of SA inhibited the reduction of 4\|ClBP by NZVI. And in these four reaction system， pH increased rapidly firstly and then reached equilibrium quickly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different corn straw returning modes on quality of flue\|cured tobacco leaves and soil fertility#br# AO Jin\|cheng1， LUO Hua\|yuan2， ZHANG Xiao\|long1， CHEN Chu2， MAO Chun\|tang1， LYU Kai1， LI Wei\|bao3， ZI Wen\|hua1，* 2015, 27(8):  1456.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (660KB) ( 1434 )    In order to explore suitable corn straw returning modes to promote the sustainable development of modern tobacco agriculture， effects of different corn straw returning modes on dry matter accumulation， economic traits， internal quality of flue\|cured tobacco and soil fertility were determined in 2012-2013. It was shown that comparing with non\|straw returning， corn straw returning significantly increased tobacco dry matter accumulation. The yield of flue\|cured tobacco with corn straw returning increased by 39%-48%， and the output growth increased by 51%-79% compared with the control. Besides， corn straw returning effectively improved physical properties， chemical composition and taste of tobacco leaves and increased soil fertility. Among all the tested corn straw returning modes， corn straw returning with decomposition maturing agent exhibited better effects on increasing biomass yield， soil microorganism quantity， and improving economic traits of tobacco leaves， while the mode of corn straw returning directly showed better effects on improving the internal quality of flue\|cured tobacco. Related Articles | Metrics

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Grade division and fertility spatial distribution of cultivated land in Yuhang District#br# ZHU Zhen\|ling1，2， MA Wan\|zhu2， REN Zhou\|qiao2， SHEN Jian\|guo3， LONG Wen\|li2， LYU Xiao\|nan1，2，* 2015, 27(8):  1462.  Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (2071KB) ( 1334 )   Based on 2 814 survey sample data of cultivated land， comprehensive evaluation and classification for 37 7723 hm2 cultivated land in Yuhang District was conducted by ArcGIS technologies. It was shown that the overall quality of cultivated land were good， and the proportion of first to fifth class cultivated land was 10%， 396%， 441%, 131% and 22%， respectively. The first and second class farmland were mainly distributed in the plains and along the river valley. The third and fourth class farmland were mainly distributed in the transition zone of the plains to the mountains in hilly area. The fifth class farmland were mainly distributed in the mountainous area in the northwest and southwest. There were huge differences of soil nutrients in hilly areas， while there was smaller variation of soil nutrients in plains. The total nitrogen and organic matter content of soil were abundant in arable land， while available phosphorus was relatively deficient. And the variation of available potassium content in Yuhang District was relatively stable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative discrimination of fruit quality of cherry during storage period by near infrared spectroscopy#br# LUO Feng1，ZHANG Peng2，CHEN Shao\|hui2，LI Jiang\|kuo2，LU Xiao\|xiang1，* 2015, 27(8):  1468.  Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (766KB) ( 1343 )   The near infrared spectroscopy was used in qualitative discrimination of fruit quality of cherry during storage period. The experiment was carried out under different pretreatments and different spectral band conditions， the model of qualitative discrimination was constructed in the spectral range between 4088 nm to 2 4928 nm（near infrared wavelength range 780-2 526 nm）， using the first order differential method combined with SNV & D spectral pretreatment method. The identification rate of the model was 997%， and predict accuracy was 889% to 990%， which indicated that near infrared spectroscopy could make good qualitative discrimination on fruit quality of cherry， thereby realizing the rapid evaluation for the fruit internal quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of microwave solid\|state synthesis for acete peptide chelating calcium with response surface method#br# CHEN Xin\|feng1，2， ZHANG Zhi\|guo2， WANG Jun\|hong2， ZHOU Li\|gen2，* 2015, 27(8):  1473.  Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (699KB) ( 1230 )   The primary goal of this research was to optimize microwave solid\|state synthesis by which the acete peptide chelating calcium was prepared with response surface analysis. The results showed that the best optimal condition was as follows: the mass ratio of acete peptide and calcium lactate was 25∶1， microwave power 420 W， chelation time 73 s， in which the chelation percent of Ca2+ was about 8209%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid detection of soybean mixture in tea by loop\|mediated isothermal amplification method#br# YU Shu\|qiong， ZHANg Ji\|hong， CUI Jun\|xia， ZHANG Hui\|li， NI Jian\|bo 2015, 27(8):  1479.  Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 1284 )    In the present study， a rapid and simple method to detect soybean mixture in tea by loop\|mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） was established. On the basis of the endogenous gene lectin of soybean， six primers were designed and characteristic waterfall\|like bands by LAMP were acquired. Specificity tests showed that the primers were specific for soybean detection. Sensitivity test showed that LAMP was 10 times higher sensitive than fluorescence PCR. According to the optimized temperature， concentration of betaine， Mg2+， and dNTP， the entire testing cycle was about 1 h. Besides， it was convenient to observe the results by using SYBR green I. Thus， the established LAMP method could be useful for soybean component detection from tea samples in the near future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inactivation kinetics model of Escherichia coli by pulsed electric field derived from Weibull model#br# ZHANG Juan， YUAN Xia\|bing， CHEN Yan\|hua， YANG Yong， YING Nan\|jiao* 2015, 27(8):  1484.  Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (696KB) ( 1444 )   The aims of this study were to study the inactivation kinetic model of Escherichia coli in orange juice by pulsed electric field （PEF） treatment. The lethal effects of various PEF processing parameters （electric field intensity， treatment time， initial temperature） were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of PEF on the inactivation of Escherichia coli which was common in orange juice. The results from field emission scanning eleciron microscope （FESEM） imaging of Escherichia coli indicated that the PEF treatment induced the destruction of cell membrane structures. The inactivation kinetic model of Escherichia coli was obtained by fitting with Weibull model， and the model was validated by bias factor and accuracy factor. This research suggested that the Weibull model was suitable for predicting the survival ratio of Escherichia coli in orange juice treated by PEF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on illumination distribution and uniformity for LED plant light source array#br# ZHU Zhou1，YING Sheng\|sheng2，HU Hong\|jun1，TONG Xiang\|ya1,ZHENG Shu\|he1，* 2015, 27(8):  1489.  Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (790KB) ( 1514 )   According to uneven illumination distribution in plant cultivation， the light distribution model and illumination uniformity model of LED plant light source array with alternating distribution of the red and blue LEDs were established. Taking LJZWD plant light source array as an example， the light distribution and the change of illumination uniformity were investigated by the means of numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that it could obtain better illumination uniformity when lighting installation height was 143 cm than others， and the illumination uniformity could reach more than 09 if the lighting area decreased to 81% of the light source arrays. It has a guiding significance for the installation of the light source and the selection of plant cultivation area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical study on factors influencing farmers willingness to cropland abandonment in Hunan Province#br# LUO Hu\|ping1，2， TANG Yu1，2， KANG Hong\|jun1，3， ZENG Zheng1，2 2015, 27(8):  1494.  Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (646KB) ( 1266 )   From the perspective of farmers， a Logistic model was adopted to analysis factors influencing farmers willingness to cropland abandonment in nine villages in Hunan Province. It was shown that the distance of farmers home to cropland and farmers education level were positively related， while the harvest times in a year and farmers satisfaction of income from farming were negatively related to the results of the model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analysis of the residentialization willingness of local and nonlocal migrant workers in Wenzhou#br# GAO Guang\|zhao*，CHEN Guo\|sheng 2015, 27(8):  1499.  Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (630KB) ( 1250 )   Based on the investigation data of Wenzhou local and nonlocal rural migrant workers， the binary logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the tendency of residentialization willingness of local and nonlocal migrant workers in Wenzhou， and to compare the differences and determine influencing factors. The results showed that the residentializaition willingness of local migrant workers was stronger than that of nonlocal migrant workers. Factors such as age， life satisfaction and the domicile of elder family members， exhibited a higher influence on local migrant workers than nonlocal migrant workers， while factors such as occupation， monthly income， area of contracted land in hometowns exhibited basically the same influence on local and nonlocal migrant workers. Suggestions were proposed to promote residentialization of nonlocal migrant workers. For instance， rural migrant workers should enjoy equalsocial public services as citizens， education and training of rural migrant workers should be strengthened， and the rural pension system should be perfected. Related Articles | Metrics