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Grain filling characteristics of glabrous japonica rice Jia 58#br# CAI Zhi\|jun1， ZHOU De\|yin2， GAO Rong\|cun1， FU Hao\|wei1， LI Jin\|jun1，* 2015, 27(7):  1117.  Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (613KB) ( 1357 )   Three japonica rice varieties， including glabrous japonica rice Jia 58， hairy\|leaved japonica rice Jia 33 and Xiushui 134， were used in this paper to analyze the filling characteristics of differently\|positioned grains within a panicle by fitting Richards growth equation. It was found that the initial grain filling rate （R0）， max grain filling rate （Gmax）and mean grain filling rate （Gmean） of the same\|positioned grains had shown significant differences between glabrous and hairy\|leaved japonica rice， and the days holding the max filling rate （tmaxG） and active period （D） of Jia 58 got shorter than those of hairy\|leaved japonica rice Jia 33 and Xiushui 134. Meanwhile， the grain filling rate of superior grains， medium grains and inferior grains from Jia 58 were higher than those from Jia 33 and Xiushui 134. In addition， there was no significant difference in the parameters of grain\|filling characteristics among superior， medium and inferior grains from Jia 58 during early filling stage， but that from Jia 33 and Xiushui 134 showed significant differences. The results could be used to explain the physiological mechanism of that Jia 58 represented faster maturity， better plumpness and higher seed setting rate than Jia 33 as well as Xiushui 134. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic analysis and assessment of corn\|husk traits of fresh\|eating waxy corn#br# LYU Gui\|hua1， CHEN Jian\|jian1， XU Xiu\|hong2， GUO Guo\|jin1，* 2015, 27(7):  1122.  Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (437KB) ( 1466 )   In this experiment， 10 fresh\|eating waxy maize inbred lines were used as parents materials to study genetic analysis of corn bract and combining ability of F1 bract by complete diallel cross design. The results showed that variance analysis of general combining ability of bract thickness， the outermost bract length （width）， the longest bract length （width）， the innermost bract length （width）， bract number， bract fresh weight and bract dry weight reached an extremely significant level. Moreover， special combing ability of the above， except the longest bract length （width）， achieved an extremely significant level. There was no difference between GCA and SCA of parents. The longest bract length， bract number， bract fresh weight and bract dry weight were controlled by additive gene effects; Bract thickness， the outermost bract length （width）， the longest bract width and the innermost bract length （width） were controlled by dominant and epistatic effects， including additive gene effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome\|wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of HSP70 genes in foxtail millet#br# ZHANG Gu\|wen1，2， LIU Li\|li1， WANG Xian\|rui1， CHAI Xiao\|jiao1， LI Shu\|tian1，* 2015, 27(7):  1127.  Abstract ( 522 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 1617 )    Heat shock proteins are a kind of molecular chaperones， of which structure are highly conserved， and play essential roles in regulating various metabolic processes and molecular signal transduction in animals and plants. In the present study， the HSP70 gene family was investigated based on the results of foxtail millet whole genome sequencing. The conservation of the sequence， distribution of conserved motifs， structure of introns and exons， distribution of family members in chromosome were analyzed as well as their phylogenetic relationships. It was shown that there were at least 25 gene members existed in the foxtail millet genome with protein sequence length varying from 295 to 851 aa. Sequence alignment showed that there were 10 conserved motifs existed in foxtail millet genome with a range of 17 to 50 aa， indicating that these genes were highly conserved. Genes structure analysis showed that the number of introns among these genes ranged from 0 to 8， and half of family members contained 3’ and 5’ UTR. Moreover， these HSP70 gene family members distributed in chromosome 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7 and 9 in foxtail millet unequally. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there were high degrees of variation among these family members. This study not only will help us understand the origin and evolution of this gene family， but also lay the foundation for function analysis of the gene family members. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of ADD1 gene expression in tissues and among breeds of Guizhou native goat#br# YANG Jia\|da 2015, 27(7):  1134.  Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 1278 )    Expression levels of ADD1 gene in livers， kidneys， hearts， lungs， longissimus muscle， semimembranosus muscle and subcutaneous fat of Qiandongnan small Xiang goat， Guizhou white goat， Guizhou black goat， Qianbei Ma goat and Nanjiang yellow goat were detected by real\|time fluorescence quantitative RT\|PCR. The results showed that， there were no differences of the expression levels in tissues of Qiandongnan small Xiang goat（P＞005）. High expression levels were observed in longissimus muscle， heart and semimembranosus muscle of Guizhou white goat（P＜005）， liver of Guizhou black goat， kidney of Qianbei Ma goat， and heart of Nanjiang yellow goat. In hearts and semimembranosus muscle， there were no differences of expression levels of ADD1 gene among breeds（P＞005）. But， in livers， kidneys， lungs， longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat， significant differences of ADD1 expression level were detected（P＜005）. The results suggested that the tissue expression patterns and levels of ADD1 gene in Guizhou native goat breeds were different. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism analysis of chicken PRLR genes and their association with laying performances#br# HUANG Sun\|ping1，2， CHEN Li2， DAI Li\|he2， HUANG Ai\|xia2， TIAN Yong2， LI Guo\|qin2， HE Hua\|quan3， QIANG Wen\|jun3， LU Li\|zhi2，* 2015, 27(7):  1141.  Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 1289 )    Prolactin receptor （PRLR） gene was selected as a candidate gene for chicken laying performances in this study. Ligase detection reaction was used to detect 4 polymorphic sites in PRLR gene of 378 chickens of Siming Xiang chicken B strain， namely SNP1 （C11390G）， SNP2 （A14952G）， SNP3 （A14969C） and SNP4 （A14984G）. Associations between these SNP polymorphisms and egg production within 65 weeks and 300 d， body weights at 134 d and 65 weeks， were analyzed by the least square analysis. As for single site analysis， results showed that SNP2/SNP3/SNP4 was significantly （P<005） associated with egg production within 300 d， and egg production within 300 d of genotype G/A/G was significantly （P<005） higher than that of A/C/A with 7 eggs， while SNP1 （C11390G） had no significance on the all traits detected. As for haplotype analysis， results showed that 3 haplotype for 4 SNPs of PRLR gene was detected， which were H1（CACA）， H2（GACA） and H3（CGAG）， and different haplotype had significant （P<005） differences on egg production within 300 d. The predominant haplotype was H3（CGAG）>H2（GACA）>H1（CACA） successively， in which hens of haplotype H3（CGAG） had 733 eggs more than that of H1（CACA）. It indicated that H3（CGAG） of chicken PRLR gene was the best haplotype for egg production， which was the potential marker for laying performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mixed gene plus polygenes inheritance analysis for interior quality of chicken eggs at the age of 40 weeks#br# MA Meng1， WANG Ke\|hua1，*， QU Liang1，2， DOU Tao\|cun1，2， SHEN Man\|man1， GUO Jun1， LU Jian1，2， HU Yu\|ping1，2 2015, 27(7):  1148.  Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (510KB) ( 1315 )    In the present study， black feather pure lines of green\|eggshell and white leghorn were selected as parents to construct resource population. The traits of albumen height， yolk weight， yolk color and Haugh unit of eggs laid by P1 and P2 parents as well as their F1 and F2 offsprings at 40 weeks were measured. SEA\|G4F2 software was used for the mixed gene plus polygenes inheritance analysis. It was shown that the model of Haugh unit at 40 weeks age was E， namely two pairs of additive\|dominance\|epistatic major\|gene plus additive\|dominance\|epistatic polygene mixed genetic model， in which the heritability of major\|gene was 1471%. The optimal models of albumen height， yolk weight and yolk color were model E\|1， namely two pairs of additive\|dominance\|epistatic major\|gene plus additive\|dominance polygene mixed genetic model， in which their heritability of major\|gene were 1932%， 358% and 2105%， respectively. The heritability of polygene for each trait was 0. Related Articles | Metrics

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Germplasm structure analysis and comparison of conservation population of Chunan spotted pigs#br# ZHANG Xue\|dong1，*， LI Qing\|hai1， TONG Xun\|quan2， WANG Huan\|huan1， LOU Li\|feng1， ZHANG Lei1， LIU Rong\|ping2， ZHU Rong2 2015, 27(7):  1154.  Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1297 )   Germplasm structure analysis and comparison of conservation population of Chunan spotted pigs Related Articles | Metrics

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Proteome analysis of silkworm haemolymph under heat stress#br# #br# XIA Ai\|hua1， LI Na1， JIA Man\|li1， MAO Xiao\|xia2， LI Ji\|sheng1，3，YANG Gui\|ming1，* 2015, 27(7):  1160.  Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (2115KB) ( 1292 )   High temperature is the main reason responsible for the reduction of silkworm production in summer or autumn. In order to observe the proteome change of silkworm haemolymph under long time heat treatment， two\|dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry technologies were employed in the present study. The results showed that a total of 8779%， 673% and 549% protein spots showed additivity， over\|dominance and under\|dominance patterns， respectively. Twenty\|eight differentially expressed protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among these， 5 spots including heat shock cognate protein （h2）， aminoacylase （h9）， hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein （h14）， hydroxypyruvate isomerase （h23） and time interval measuring enzyme\|esterase A4 （h24）， were differentially expressed in hybrid and its parents. All of these illustrated that hybrid might directly produce high expression of heat shock cognate protein to resist high temperature stress， and accelerate the step of energy metabolism and growth and development to avoid high temperature damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A （H7N9） virus in China#br# CAI Chun\|sheng， GAO Yong\|qing*， HE Chun\|mei， CHU Da\|ke，HUANG Ying\|si 2015, 27(7):  1168.  Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (718KB) ( 1350 )    To further understand the epidemiological characteristics of human infection with avian influenza A （H7N9） virus in mainland China， a descriptive analysis was conducted according to the information on human H7N9 cases reported by national， provincial （municipal） department of health and China News via the Internet. Age， sex， occupation characteristics of human infections with influenza （H7N9） virus were analyzed. Meanwhile， comparative analyses were performed among the outbreak situations of different regione and time periods， and the migration time and routes of migratory birds. A total of 397 human H7N9 cases were reported from February 1， 2013 to May 12， 2014 by Chinese provincial （municipal） health service administrations websites. Among these cases， 261 were male patients， accounting for 671%， and 128 were women， accounting for 329%. The median age of infected people was 59 years old and they were mainly farmers and retirees. The middle aged and aged people were high risk groups for infection with H7N9 avian influenza. The eastern coast and southeastern coast areas in China were the key monitoring areas of avian influenza （H7N9）， where surveillance for migrant birds should be strengthened. Related Articles | Metrics

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Induction of Renanthera Tom Thumb “Qilin” protocorm\|like bodies using leaves and roots as explants#br# LUO Jian\|piao1，2，WU Kun\|lin3，WENG Shu\|fei2，* 2015, 27(7):  1173.  Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (675KB) ( 1436 )   In order to establish the high efficient regeneration system of Renanthera Tom Thumb “Qilin”， its leaves and roots were used as explants to investigate the effects of different growth regulators combinations and different treatments of roots on protocorm\|like bodies（PLBs）formation. The results showed that leaves of Renanthera Tom Thumb “Qilin” cultivated in different combinations of concentrations of 6\|BA and NAA could induce PLBs easily. The highest induction rate reached 6333% and the best culture medium was 1/2 MS+015 g · L-1 citric acid+6 mg · L-1 6\|BA+02 mg · L-1 NAA. While on the other hand， it was difficult for roots to induce PLBs. It was indicated that leaves were more suitable for rapid propagation in vitro as explants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of light quality on the growth， micro\|rhizome induction and quality of in vitro ginger#br# WANG Xing\|cui1，2 2015, 27(7):  1178.  Abstract ( 571 )   PDF (713KB) ( 1273 )   In order to improve the efficiency of micropropagation of ginger， the effects of different light quality on the growth and micro\|rhizome induction of in vitro ginger were studied. The results showed that compared with white light， plant height of in vitro ginger increased under green and red lights. The propagation coefficients were significantly reduced under green light， but were just opposite under blue light， and yellow light had a little effect on the growth of in vitro ginger. The net photosynthetic rate of ginger leaves was the lowest under green light， but higher under blue and red light， and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher under blue and yellow light， but lower under red and green light. The time of micro\|rhizome formation of in vitro ginger under green， blue and red lights were earlier than that under white light， but later under yellow light. Moreover， the micro\|rhizome fresh weight of in vitro ginger under green light was higher， which increased by over 60% compared with that under white light. Otherwise the dry mass content， starch and crude cellulose of micro\|rhizome under green light were the lowest， but the highest under blue light. Soluble sugar content was higher under red and yellow light， while lower under green and blue light， but contrary results were observed in soluble protein content. Taken together， green light helps to increase fresh weight of micro ginger， but blue light is more conducive to improve the efficiency of tissue culture and micro ginger in large quantities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities in Citrus paradisi cv. Changshan Huyou during development#br# ZHENG Xue\|liang1，LIU Chun\|rong1，*，WANG Deng\|liang1，BI Xu\|can2，YANG Bo2，SUN Chong\|de3 2015, 27(7):  1185.  Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (1492KB) ( 1481 )   Abstract: Citrus paradisi cv. Changshan Huyou and Fructus aurantii were used as materials， flavonoids contents were determineds by HPLC and antioxidant activitie were evaluated by methods of FRAP and DPPH. Huyou fruits has a higher content of total flavonoids， the contents in five periods of Huyou fruits were 17386， 15006， 13443， 6533 and 7660 mg·g-1; meanwhile， the content of total flavonoids in Fructus aurantii was 8565 mg·g-1. Flavanone glycosides are the main flavonoids in fruits of Fructus aurantii and Huyou， the main flavonoids were naringin and hesperidin， followed by neohesperidin， narirutin， neoericitrin， ericitrin， hexaMF， heptaMF and tangeretin ect. The antioxidant activities of Huyou was significantly higher than that of Fructus aurantii， and the fruits of Huyou on June 11th had the highest antioxidant activities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Landscape evaluation of old trees in the West Lake Scenic Area#br# LAN Yue1，YU Wei2， DU Hong\|yu3， BAO Zhi\|yi1，* 2015, 27(7):  1192.  Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (917KB) ( 1545 )   In the present study， the landscape of old trees with surroundings in the West Lake Scenic Area in Hangzhou was evaluated based on SBE method， and an evaluation model constructed by multivariate linear regression and SD landscape element separation method. The results showed that old trees alone exhibited the highest ornamental value， followed by combinations with other landscape elements. Old trees shape， growth vigor and seasonal changes were the main influencing factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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PCR detection of the number of Drosophila melanogaster preyed by tarantula#br# WANG Bo1， KE Zi\|jun1， WANG Xin\|lei1， LI Yan1， YAN Heng\|mei1，2，* 2015, 27(7):  1198.  Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (647KB) ( 1414 )   In order to study the predation capacity of tarantula to Drosophila melanogaster， the genomic DNA of tarantulas which had been fed with 1， 2， 3， 4， 5 and 6 Drosophila melanogasters were used as templates， and PCR amplifications were carried out by utilizing the universal primers for mitochondrial synthetic gene COI of Drosophila melanogaster as the specific primers. Results showed that the PCR amplifications were influenced by the content of templates， a linear positive correlation was found between feeding amount and PCR products， and the linear equation was E（y）=-29111+18212x， P=001， R2=095. Thus， DNA residues of Drosophila melanogaster in tarantula increased with the addiation of predation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens using nested PCR#br# YANG Wan\|feng1， LIU Yan2， LIU Xiang1， SHAO Pei\|ze1， CHEN Yun\|qing1， ZHAO Wen\|jun3 2015, 27(7):  1202.  Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (892KB) ( 1304 )   With the purpose of fast detecting of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in imported soybean， we established nested PCR with the reported primer CffFOR and the primer CffF11 based on the REP\|PCR sequenced results of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens and testified its specificity and sensitivity. In specificity assays， only the samples of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens were positive， while the other pathogens were negative. The detecting sensitivity of the bacterial suspension using nested PCR was 31×103 cfu·mL-1 which was 1 000 times higher than normal PCR. Moreover， it could detect the pathogen in the soybean sample with 05% infected rate within 1 h， which significantly shortened the testing time. One hundred imported samples in the lab were detected by nested PCR， the specific DNA band could be amplified only from one sample， and the sequence results showed that the soybean sample was indeed infected by C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. The nested PCR established in this study has properties of strong specificity， high sensitivity， shorter testing time and accurate result， it can be used in detecting C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens for imported soybean. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of self\|interaction functional domain of cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein#br# CHEN Ying， TU Yi\|fei， DU Zhi\|you* 2015, 27(7):  1208.  Abstract ( 480 )   PDF (874KB) ( 1274 )   Cucumber mosaic virus（CMV） has a very wide host range and a world\|wide distribution; it can cause significant economic losses in many vegetables and horticultural crops. CMV strains or isolates could be classified into subgroups IA， IB and II. CMV 2b protein was an important virulence factor and one of the firstly identified RNA\|silencing suppressors， and the 2b proteins encoded by subgroup I CMV strains could interact itself in planta. However， it remains unknown whether the 2b proteins encoded by subgroup II strains could interact itself in planta. Results from the bi\|molecular fluorescence complement （BiFC） experiments showed that 2b protein encoded by subgroup II strain LS did not interact itself. Subsequently， we exchanged sequences between Fny2b and LS2b， then found that the N\|terminal 13\|37amino\|acid sequence of CMV 2b was the key functional domain， which was associated with the self\|interaction of CMV 2b protein. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of two kinds of controlled\|release coated urea on rice grain yield and soil properties#br# LIU Yi\|xi1， YUAN Ling1，*， WU Shao\|fu2， MA Xian\|fa3， ZHANG Zhi\|cheng1， WU Liang\|huan4，5，*， LI Jin\|xian6 2015, 27(7):  1213.  Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (1853KB) ( 1477 )   In order to clarify the effects of controlled\|release fertilizer on rice， prilled urea was adopted as control reagents， and sulfur\|polyester resin\|coated urea （SPCU）， polyester resin coated urea （PCU） were chosen to explore their effects on nitrogen use efficiency as well as soil physicochemical properties via a long term field experiment from 2008 to 2013. It was shown that coated urea improved rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency significantly compared to PU in conventional fertilizer application amount. When N application amount was reduced to 70% of the conventional fertilization， coated urea treatments still exhibited higher yield compared to PU with conventional application amount， which indicated that coated urea could increase grain yield while reduce N input. Under the same N application rate， coated urea significantly improved rice fertile panicle and filled grain numbers. After 6 years of continuous experiment， under conventional N application amount， soil effective sulfur content with SPCU was 705% and 516% higher than that with PCU and PU， respectively. In conclusion， nitrogen use efficiency of controlled\|release fertilizer was higher than prilled urea. Between the two kinds of controlled\|release fertilizer， PCU was more effective to increase N use efficiency and yield than SPCU. Considering the sulfur accumulation caused by SPCU， PCU was the better choice for long term application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil respiration feature of 4 types of grassland in growing season in Hulun Lake， Inner Mongolia#br# MA Shuai1， FENG Jin\|chao1，*， GONG Ting\|ting1， WU Li\|ji2， Li Yu\|xian1， FENG Ya\|lei1， ZHAO Hui\|qing3 2015, 27(7):  1221.  Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (528KB) ( 1257 )   The present experiment was conducted in Hulun Lake， Inner Mongolia in June and August， 2014. Soil respiration of 4 kinds of typical grassland （dominant species were Stipa capillata， Leymus chinensis， Phragmites australis and Carex duriuscula） had been measured using LI\|6400 gas exchange system and Li\|6400\|09. It was shown that the diurnal variety of soil respiration of Stipa capillata， Leymus chinensis and Carex duriuscula land was a one peak curve both in June and August， while Phragmites australis land exhibited a steady line. Soil respiration of Stipa capillata， Leymus chinensis， Phragmites australis land in August was higher than that in June. Comparing with the mean value in June， soil respiration of Stipa capillata， Leymus chinensis， Phragmites australis land increased 6281%， 7926%， 23369%， respectively. But， soil respiration of Carex duriuscula land remained the same in June and August. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of soaking conditions of soaking\|free soybean specific for making instant soy milk#br# YANG Dao\|qiang1， XING Jian\|rong2， LU Sheng\|min2，*， YANG Ying2 2015, 27(7):  1226.  Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 1382 )    The traditional soymilk\|making method costs a relatively long time， and the protein of soy milk made from soybean without soaking was low in content and hard to absorb. The development of soaking\|free soybean can solve these problems. To get high quality soaking\|free soybean， the pretreatment process of soybean and the effects of soaking time， temperature and solution concentration on the protein content and stability of soy milk and the aerobic plate count of soybean were studied. Single\|factor experiments and orthogonal experiment were carried on and the results were analyzed by multi\|index integrated assessment method. It was shown that ClO2 solution was the best choice for soybean pre\|cleaning， and NaHCO3 was the best choice for soaking. Soaking time， temperature and solution concentration all had significant influence on the integrated assessment. The best soaking process conditions were as follows: soaking time 12 h， soaking temperature 15℃ and NaHCO3 solution concentration 05%. Under the optimal conditions， the logarithmic aerobic plate count of soybean was 471， the protein content was up to 268 g·100 mL-1， and the stability of soy milk was 0786. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of microwave\|assisted extraction technology for flavonoids from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. seeds by quadratic regression orthogonal rotary#br# ZHANG Lu\|jie， LI Rong， JIANG Zi\|tao* 2015, 27(7):  1233.  Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (604KB) ( 1265 )   In order to obtain the optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. seeds， the factors affecting the extraction rate of total flavonoids were evaluated by single factor experiment firstly and three main factors including the ethanol concentration， the ratio of solvent to sample and the microwave\|assisted extraction temperature were selected. Further， these factors were optimized using quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: the microwave\|assisted extraction temperature 72℃， the ethanol concentration 68%， and the ratio of solvent to sample 25:1. Under the optimal extraction conditions， the predicted extraction rate of total flavonoids was 329%， the measured value was 315%， and the standard deviation was -0042 5. The result indicated that the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. seeds could be optimized by the quadratic regression orthogonal rotary method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of textural properities of Cyprinus carpio during ice\|temperature storage#br# LIU Li\|rong， CHAI Chun\|xiang*， LU Xiao\|xiang 2015, 27(7):  1239.  Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (618KB) ( 1287 )   The changes of textural properties of Cyprinus carpio were studied during ice\|temperature storage， and the changes of TVBN， pH， drip loss were determined and sensory scores were evaluated. The results suggested that the TVBN， drip loss increased during storage. The pH value declined first， and then went up. The hardness， flexibility and chewiness showed the trend of decline after rising first. The glue viscosity decreased.When the hardness value， glue viscosity and chewiness were less than 225 g， 1541 g and 801， respectively， TVBN value reached upper limitation of the national standard. According to the present study， the textural properties could reflect the quality changes of Cyprinus carpio. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical characterization of DNA sequences based on multisets of pseudo amino acids and its applications#br# LI Chun， CHU Wei\|wei， LIU Huan， FEI Wen\|chao， HAN Miao\|miao 2015, 27(7):  1244.  Abstract ( 596 )   PDF (632KB) ( 1303 )   According to a mapping of codons and amino acids and stop signal， the sequence of pseudo amino acid for DNA sequence was proposed. Then， by means of the multiset， a 21\|dimensional numerical vector of a DNA sequence was constructed. On the basis of the vector， the similarity distance between any two DNA sequences can be calculated. The phylogenetic analysis on three datasets （S segment of hantaviruses， complete genome sequences of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and complete genome sequences of human rhinovirus） demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Forecasting of vegetable daily price based on general regression neural network#br# CHEN Fang1，LOU Wen\|gao1，2 2015, 27(7):  1253.  Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (582KB) ( 1437 )   Accurate forecasting of vegetable daily price is difficult. In the present study， the daily price of green vegetables in market from December 13， 2010 to April 18， 2014 （total 799 samples） were collected， and a GRNN model was established to predict market price of green vegetables from April 7， 2014 to April 18， 2014. The results showed that the absolute value of average relative error was 312%， and the maximal absolute error was 024 yuan， which was small. Thus， the estimated model for daily price forecasting of market vegetables exhibited good generalization ability， and was an appropriate neural network model. Related Articles | Metrics

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The choice of cooperation mechanism between leading enterprises and family farms： The empirical analysis based on the enterprise level YU Yin\|quan，WANG Shu\|jin 2015, 27(7):  1259.  Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (807KB) ( 1281 )   Based on the survey sample data of 100 agricultural production and processing enterprises in Jiangsu Province， the choice of cooperation mechanism and its influencing factors between production and processing of agricultural enterprises and family farm were empirically analyzed by the methods of multiple logistic regression model. The empirical results showed that the establishment age of enterprises， enterprises scale， the degree of price volatility of agricultural products， sales target market of agricultural products had a significant negative impact on the leading enterprises chosen for close cooperative mechanism （orders+service， integrated type）; however， the total assets of enterprise， the degree of processing of agricultural products and the quality requirements of agricultural products had no impact on the choice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical analyses on influence factors of farmers migration intention to town：Based on 1 523 questionnaires in Sichuan Province WU Yi， LIU Hou\|ping 2015, 27(7):  1266.  Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (680KB) ( 1307 )   The objective of this paper was to illustrate and examine the influence factors of farmers migration intention to town by PROBIT regression model. It was shown that the non-economic factors， such as urban basic living conditions， urban life adaptability， skill acquisition， spiritual satisfaction and worries about the future， had significant influence on farmers decision. The role of non-economic factors depended on different personality characteristics of rural households， including rural family income level， education condition of the main labor force in family， average age and current occupation. The present study revealed the key factors influencing farmers migrant intention， and thus would provide reference for government policy formulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The location choice and development strategy of taiwan farmers entrepreneurial park in mainland#br# SUN Yan\|xiang1，2， XIAO Wen1 2015, 27(7):  1272.  Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (1494KB) ( 1299 )    The direct investment on mainland agriculture from Taiwan firms has experienced a breakthrough since the signing of ECFA. The article took the perspective of agriculture FDI， analyzed the location choice of 38 Taiwan farmers entrepreneurial parks in Mainland， summarized the location choice preference of Taiwan businessmen and put forward difference on attracting agriculture FDI among different areas。The results showed that the main influencing factors of location choice preference include Taiwan businessmens characteristics， transaction cost and market factor， etc. Thus strategic recommendations were suggested on Taiwan farmers entrepreneurial park. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perception features of farmers land circulation in Three Gorges Reservoir area#br# HU Chen\|cheng， YU Yang 2015, 27(7):  1280.  Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 1309 )   Through participatory rural appraisal method， 172 households in 3 towns were investigated and sampled in Yunyang County， Chongqing City. This paper firstly designated an index system appraising land circulation （LC） perception for sampled farmers， and calculated LC of the farmers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area， and analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of LC using factor analysis method. It was shown that the total LC perception value of farmers in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was 321. The participation of LC got the lowest score， while necessity of LC got the highest score. The factors influencing the LC necessity dimension basically were the age of the head of the household， the householders educational level， the non\|farm income and the number of family labors. The factors influencing the LC attention dimension basically were the age of the head of the household， the householders educational level， the non\|farm income， the number of family labors and the health of family labors. The factors influencing the farmland quality dimension basically were the householders educational level， the number of family labors and the health of family labors. The factors influencing the LC participation dimension basically were the age of the head of the household， the householders educational level， the non\|farm income， the number of family labors， the health of family labors and the grain subsidy income. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical study on the relationship between investment plan in agricultural science and technology and agricultural economic growth： Taking Qingdao City as an example LI Jing\|suoa， WANG Xiao\|leib， MU Shao\|yana,* 2015, 27(7):  1288.  Abstract ( 462 )   PDF (620KB) ( 1317 )   Agricultural science and technology investment plan is an important driving force to improve the science and technology innovation ability and promote economic growth in agricultural field. In the present paper， empirical study was conducted to explore the relationship between investment plan in agricultural science and technology and agricultural economic growth in Qingdao City by VAR model. It was shown that there was a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between agricultural science and technology investment and agricultural economic growth in Qingdao City. Agricultural science and technology investment plan was the granger cause of agricultural economy growth， which always played a positive role after generating short-term negative effects at the beginning. While the agricultural economy， which always produced negative influence on the investment in agricultural science and technology, was not the granger cause of agricultural science and technology investment plan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of disease\|related genes in rice lesion mimic mutants CHENG Chen1，2， WANG Jing1，2， YUAN Wen\|xia1，2， LI Dong\|yue1，2，YANG Yong1，2，YAN Cheng\|qi1，2， CHEN Jian\|ping1，2，* 2015, 27(7):  1294.  Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (678KB) ( 1427 )    Rice lesion mimic mutant is a kind of rice mutant which spontaneously forms lesion mimic phenotype on the rice leaf surface， and some of them will show enhanced resistance to the infection of rice pathogen， but the lesion mimic gene which controls the phenotype seems to be involved in different defense\|related pathway. This thesis mainly summarized the discovery and excavation of rice lesion mimic mutant， carried out functional analysis in terms of lesion mimic gene cloning， and made an expectation on its application in disease resistance research of rice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses of the endangered medicinal plant Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg#br# QIAN Li\|hua1， DAI Dan\|li2， JIANG Hui\|yan1， LIN Wei\|hong3 2015, 27(7):  1301.  Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 1548 )    Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is one of Chinese characteristics plants which has important medical value. Modern pharmacological studies had shown that it had good antitumor activity， and flavonoids were the major and functional components of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum. This paper provided a detailed description of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg from botany， chemical composition， toxicology and pharmacology， clinical applications， artificial cultivation and biotechnology， the future research directions of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg were also discussed， which could offer scientific references for its rational utilization as medicine and appropriate protection as endangered plant. Related Articles | Metrics