浙江省早籼稻种质资源的表型多样性分析与评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1571-1581.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.01

浙江省早籼稻种质资源的表型多样性分析与评价

杨海龙¹(), 王晖¹, 雷锦超², 蔡金洋¹^,^*()

1.嘉兴市农业科学研究院,浙江嘉兴 314016
2.浙江省龙泉市农业农村局,浙江龙泉 323700

收稿日期:2021-09-22 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
通讯作者: 蔡金洋
作者简介:*蔡金洋,E-mail: cjyjiaxing@163.com
杨海龙(1991—),男,江苏南通人,硕士,农艺师,研究方向为水稻遗传育种。E-mail: 774795537@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省常规早籼稻新品种选育(2021C02063-4);2016年浙江省水稻种质资源收集

Analysis and evaluation of phenotypic diversities of early indica rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province

YANG Hailong¹(), WANG Hui¹, LEI Jinchao², CAI Jinyang¹^,^*()

1. Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, Zhejiang, China
2. Longquan Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau, Longquan 323700, Zhejiang, China

Received:2021-09-22 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
Contact: CAI Jinyang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究浙江省早籼稻种质资源遗传多样性,提高早籼稻育种中亲本选择的利用效率,通过变异系数、遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、二维排序分析、逐步回归分析和聚类分析等方法对100份早籼稻种质资源的14个主要表型性状的多样性水平进行分析。结果表明:14个表型性状的变异系数在0.96%(生育期)~41.07%(每穗瘪谷数);14个表型性状的遗传多样性指数在5.50(每穗瘪谷数)~5.61(生育期);基于主成分二维排序分析筛选到单穗重大、每穗瘪谷数少、长宽比小、倒二叶长度和生育期适中、穗长长且单株有效穗多的种质资源,根据二维排序结果,早籼稻材料4128、4209、4225和4278是在二维排序重叠种质,可以作为育种亲本或者中间材料。主成分分析和综合评价表明,100份早籼稻种质资源中材料4021综合性状排名第1,筛选到每穗实粒数、每穗瘪谷数、结实率、单株有效穗、谷粒长和谷粒宽这6个表型性状可以作为早籼稻资源综合评价的关键指标;同时基于离差平方和法进行层次聚类,将100份早籼稻材料分为4类,各类表型性状差异明显。

关键词: 早籼稻, 种质资源, 表型多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to clarify the genetic diversity of early indica rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province and improve the utilization efficiency of parental selection in early indica rice breeding, the diversity levels of 14 main phenotypic characters of 100 early indica rice germplasm resources were analyzed by means of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, principal component analysis, two-dimensional ranking analysis, stepwise regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 14 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.96% (growth period) to 41.07% (shriveld grains per panicle). The genetic diversity index of 14 phenotypic traits ranged from 5.50 (shriveld grains per panicle) to 5.61 (growth period). Based on the two-dimensional sorting analysis of principal components, the germplasm resources with large panicles, small number of shriveled grains per panicle, small length-width ratio, moderate length of the second leaf and moderate growth period, long panicles and more effective panicles per plant were screened. According to the two-dimensional sorting results, early indica rice materials 4128, 4209, 4225 and 4278 were overlapping germplasms in two-dimensional sorting, which could be used as breeding parents or intermediate materials. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation showed that the comprehensive traits of material 4021 ranked first among 100 early indica rice germplasm resources. At the same time, six phenotypic traits, such as filled grain number per panicle, shriveled grain number per panicle, seed setting rate, effective panicle per plant, grain length and grain width, could be selected as key indicators for comprehensive evaluation of early indica rice resources. At the same time, the hierarchical clustering was conducted based on the sum of squares of deviations, and 100 early indica rice materials were divided into four categories, with significant differences in various phenotypic traits.

Key words: early indica rice, germplasm resources, phenotypic diversity, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S511

杨海龙, 王晖, 雷锦超, 蔡金洋. 浙江省早籼稻种质资源的表型多样性分析与评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(8): 1571-1581.

YANG Hailong, WANG Hui, LEI Jinchao, CAI Jinyang. Analysis and evaluation of phenotypic diversities of early indica rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(8): 1571-1581.

图/表 9

参考文献 19

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编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination
1	嘉育89 Jiayu 89		26	4093	绍籼16-3/IIG17-12 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-12	51	4241		76	4347	甬籼738/C18-63 Yongxian 738/C18-63
2	嘉育938 Jiayu 938		27	4100	浙直/IIG17-56 Zhezhi/IIG17-56	52	4242		77	4349
3	嘉育25 Jiayu 25		28	4112	浙直/IIG17-27 Zhezhi/IIG17-27	53	4246	C18-4/舜达95 C18-4/Shuanda 95	78	4353
4	中早39 Zhongzao 39		29	4115		54	4256	C18-4/C18-70	79	4365
5	中早35 Zhongzao 35		30	4116	浙直/IIG17-54 Zhezhi/IIG17-54	55	4259		80	4366	甬籼738/C18-63 Yongxian 738/C18-63
6	嘉育293 Jiayu 293		31	4117		56	4266	嘉育25/IIG17-18 Jiayu 25/IIG17-18	81	4370
7	甬籼634 Yongxian 634		32	4119	中组21/IIG17-54 Zhongzu 21/IIG17-54	57	4274	嘉育25/C18-11 Jiayu 25/C18-11	82	4380
8	中组100 Zhongzu 100		33	4122	中组21/C18-24 Zhongzu 21/C18-24	58	4276		83	4383
9	中组53 Zhongzu 53		34	4128		59	4278	嘉育25/金早239 Jiayu 25/Jinzao 239	84	4387	甬籼738/C18-75 Yongxian 738/C18-75
10	中组18 Zhongzu 18		35	4129	中组21/C18-85 Zhongzu 21/C18-85	60	4279		85	4400	甬籼738/C18-79 Yongxian 738/C18-79
11	4017	中组23/G17-20 Zhongzu 23/G17-20	36	4132		61	4281	嘉育25/C18-32 Jiayu 25/C18-32	86	4401
12	4018		37	4153	甬籼738/嘉育253 Yongxian 738/Jiayu 253	62	4292	嘉育25/C18-56 Jiayu 25/C18-56	87	4402	绍籼17-20/C18-88 Shaoxian 17-20/C18-88
13	4021		38	4154		63	4295		88	4403
14	4024		39	4158	甬籼738/嘉育64 Yongxian 738/Jiayu 64	64	4297		89	4410
15	4026	中组23/IIG17-10 Zhongzu 23/IIG17-10	40	4166	甬籼738/C18-70 Yongxian 738/C18-70	65	4299		90	4412
16	4028		41	4194	C18-4/甬籼738 C18-4/Yongxian 738	66	4300	嘉育25/舜达95 Jiayu 25/Shunda 95	91	4416
17	4041	中组23/IIG17-49 Zhongzu 23/IIG17-49	42	4192		67	4303		92	4417	嘉育25/C18-78 Jiayu 25/C18-78
18	4046		43	4197	C18-4/IIG17-18	68	4306	嘉育25/C18-70 Jiayu 25/C18-70	93	4418
19	4054	绍籼16-3/G17-3 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-3	44	4203	C18-4/C18-11	69	4309		94	4420
20	4056		45	4209		70	4316		95	4435	嘉育25/温926 Jiayu 25/Wen 926
21	4057	绍籼16-3/G17-9 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-9	46	4221	C18-4/金早239 C18-4/Jinzao 239	71	4331	甬籼738/C18-58 Yongxian 738/C18-58	96	4442
22	4059	绍籼16-3/G17-15 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-15	47	4223	C18-4/C18-32	72	4332		97	4443
23	4078	绍籼16-3/IIG17-6 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-6	48	4225		73	4337		98	4446	C18-10/C18-11
24	4086	绍籼16-3/IIG17-9 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-9	49	4233	C18-4/C18-56	74	4338		99	4448
25	4091	绍籼16-3/IIG17-10 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-10	50	4237		75	4342		100	4472	C18-10/C18-18

编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination	编号 Number	资源 Resource	组合 Combination
1	嘉育89 Jiayu 89		26	4093	绍籼16-3/IIG17-12 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-12	51	4241		76	4347	甬籼738/C18-63 Yongxian 738/C18-63
2	嘉育938 Jiayu 938		27	4100	浙直/IIG17-56 Zhezhi/IIG17-56	52	4242		77	4349
3	嘉育25 Jiayu 25		28	4112	浙直/IIG17-27 Zhezhi/IIG17-27	53	4246	C18-4/舜达95 C18-4/Shuanda 95	78	4353
4	中早39 Zhongzao 39		29	4115		54	4256	C18-4/C18-70	79	4365
5	中早35 Zhongzao 35		30	4116	浙直/IIG17-54 Zhezhi/IIG17-54	55	4259		80	4366	甬籼738/C18-63 Yongxian 738/C18-63
6	嘉育293 Jiayu 293		31	4117		56	4266	嘉育25/IIG17-18 Jiayu 25/IIG17-18	81	4370
7	甬籼634 Yongxian 634		32	4119	中组21/IIG17-54 Zhongzu 21/IIG17-54	57	4274	嘉育25/C18-11 Jiayu 25/C18-11	82	4380
8	中组100 Zhongzu 100		33	4122	中组21/C18-24 Zhongzu 21/C18-24	58	4276		83	4383
9	中组53 Zhongzu 53		34	4128		59	4278	嘉育25/金早239 Jiayu 25/Jinzao 239	84	4387	甬籼738/C18-75 Yongxian 738/C18-75
10	中组18 Zhongzu 18		35	4129	中组21/C18-85 Zhongzu 21/C18-85	60	4279		85	4400	甬籼738/C18-79 Yongxian 738/C18-79
11	4017	中组23/G17-20 Zhongzu 23/G17-20	36	4132		61	4281	嘉育25/C18-32 Jiayu 25/C18-32	86	4401
12	4018		37	4153	甬籼738/嘉育253 Yongxian 738/Jiayu 253	62	4292	嘉育25/C18-56 Jiayu 25/C18-56	87	4402	绍籼17-20/C18-88 Shaoxian 17-20/C18-88
13	4021		38	4154		63	4295		88	4403
14	4024		39	4158	甬籼738/嘉育64 Yongxian 738/Jiayu 64	64	4297		89	4410
15	4026	中组23/IIG17-10 Zhongzu 23/IIG17-10	40	4166	甬籼738/C18-70 Yongxian 738/C18-70	65	4299		90	4412
16	4028		41	4194	C18-4/甬籼738 C18-4/Yongxian 738	66	4300	嘉育25/舜达95 Jiayu 25/Shunda 95	91	4416
17	4041	中组23/IIG17-49 Zhongzu 23/IIG17-49	42	4192		67	4303		92	4417	嘉育25/C18-78 Jiayu 25/C18-78
18	4046		43	4197	C18-4/IIG17-18	68	4306	嘉育25/C18-70 Jiayu 25/C18-70	93	4418
19	4054	绍籼16-3/G17-3 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-3	44	4203	C18-4/C18-11	69	4309		94	4420
20	4056		45	4209		70	4316		95	4435	嘉育25/温926 Jiayu 25/Wen 926
21	4057	绍籼16-3/G17-9 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-9	46	4221	C18-4/金早239 C18-4/Jinzao 239	71	4331	甬籼738/C18-58 Yongxian 738/C18-58	96	4442
22	4059	绍籼16-3/G17-15 Shaoxian 16-3/G17-15	47	4223	C18-4/C18-32	72	4332		97	4443
23	4078	绍籼16-3/IIG17-6 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-6	48	4225		73	4337		98	4446	C18-10/C18-11
24	4086	绍籼16-3/IIG17-9 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-9	49	4233	C18-4/C18-56	74	4338		99	4448
25	4091	绍籼16-3/IIG17-10 Shaoxian 16-3/IIG17-10	50	4237		75	4342		100	4472	C18-10/C18-18

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	变异范围 Variation range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
生育期 Growth period/d	111.0~117.0	114.43	1.10	1.21	0.96
株高 Plant height/cm	75.00~100.00	87.89	5.71	32.64	6.50
剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm	23.33~29.83	29.70	2.60	6.77	8.76
倒二叶长 Length of second leaf/cm	20.75~41.50	32.59	2.49	6.19	7.64
穗长 Panicle length/cm	17.6~26.5	21.41	1.69	2.85	7.88
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle	84.50~199.50	141.31	23.31	543.18	16.49
每穗瘪谷数Shriveled grains per panicle	4.00~49.44	23.89	9.81	96.23	41.07
结实率 Seed setting rate/%	73.54~96.00	0.86	0.05	0	5.66
单株有效穗 Effective panicle per plant	4~15	6.66	2.04	4.16	30.64
千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	23.0~29.8	26.00	1.40	1.97	5.40
单穗重Single spike weight/g	2.78~8.21	4.70	0.91	0.83	19.35
谷粒长 Grain length	0.63~0.89	0.76	0.06	0	8.40
谷粒宽 Grain width	0.30~0.43	0.33	0.03	0	9.03
谷粒长宽比 Length-width ratio	1.63~2.83	2.30	0.24	0.06	10.41

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	变异范围 Variation range	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
生育期 Growth period/d	111.0~117.0	114.43	1.10	1.21	0.96
株高 Plant height/cm	75.00~100.00	87.89	5.71	32.64	6.50
剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm	23.33~29.83	29.70	2.60	6.77	8.76
倒二叶长 Length of second leaf/cm	20.75~41.50	32.59	2.49	6.19	7.64
穗长 Panicle length/cm	17.6~26.5	21.41	1.69	2.85	7.88
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle	84.50~199.50	141.31	23.31	543.18	16.49
每穗瘪谷数Shriveled grains per panicle	4.00~49.44	23.89	9.81	96.23	41.07
结实率 Seed setting rate/%	73.54~96.00	0.86	0.05	0	5.66
单株有效穗 Effective panicle per plant	4~15	6.66	2.04	4.16	30.64
千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	23.0~29.8	26.00	1.40	1.97	5.40
单穗重Single spike weight/g	2.78~8.21	4.70	0.91	0.83	19.35
谷粒长 Grain length	0.63~0.89	0.76	0.06	0	8.40
谷粒宽 Grain width	0.30~0.43	0.33	0.03	0	9.03
谷粒长宽比 Length-width ratio	1.63~2.83	2.30	0.24	0.06	10.41

项目 Item	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄
生育期 Growth period	0.12	-0.16	0.10	0.45	-0.19	0.48	0.15	-0.10	0.48	0.42	0.05	0.00	0.02	0.00
株高 Plant height	-0.17	0.28	-0.12	-0.04	0.57	-0.16	-0.19	0.26	0.44	0.43	-0.21	-0.02	-0.02	0.00
剑叶长 Flag leaf length	0.09	0.24	-0.23	0.35	-0.27	-0.47	0.28	0.18	-0.33	0.43	0.31	0.04	0.05	-0.01
倒二叶长 Length of second leaf	0.13	0.26	-0.24	0.47	-0.07	-0.22	0.11	0.09	0.39	-0.62	-0.18	-0.05	-0.10	0.00
穗长 Panicle length	-0.06	-0.06	-0.07	0.33	0.58	0.46	0.32	0.28	-0.38	-0.15	0.06	0.02	0.01	0.00
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle	0.34	0.41	0.06	-0.04	0.24	0.09	0.05	-0.46	0.01	-0.03	0.15	-0.06	0.45	-0.46
每穗瘪谷数shriveled grains per panicle	-0.23	0.51	0.19	0.09	-0.17	0.21	-0.20	0.04	-0.10	-0.05	0.00	0.08	0.41	0.59
结实率 Seed setting rate	0.36	-0.35	-0.19	-0.11	0.28	-0.20	0.25	-0.24	0.15	0.00	0.04	0.09	0.28	0.59
单株有效穗 Effective panicle per plant	-0.36	0.18	0.19	-0.27	0.05	-0.02	0.48	-0.07	0.31	-0.12	0.56	-0.09	-0.22	0.08
千粒重 1 000-grain weight	0.38	-0.12	0.17	-0.09	-0.01	0.01	-0.30	0.61	0.18	-0.14	0.48	-0.01	0.21	-0.06
单穗重Single spike weight	0.48	0.30	0.09	0.02	0.13	0.13	-0.24	-0.18	-0.13	0.07	0.14	0.02	-0.67	0.26
谷粒长 Grain length	0.25	0.07	0.54	-0.06	-0.02	-0.13	0.35	0.21	-0.07	0.07	-0.39	-0.54	0.02	0.07
谷粒宽 Grain width	0.25	0.26	-0.19	-0.43	-0.21	0.23	0.38	0.29	0.05	0.04	-0.27	0.50	-0.03	-0.07
谷粒长宽比 Length-width ratio	-0.04	-0.09	0.62	0.24	0.16	-0.29	0.04	-0.06	0.02	-0.04	-0.06	0.66	-0.04	-0.08
特征值 Eigenvalues	2.78	2.49	1.99	1.49	1.10	1.02	0.81	0.76	0.62	0.48	0.39	0.05	0.01	0.01
贡献率Contribution rate/%	19.89	17.76	14.22	10.63	7.84	7.27	5.78	5.46	4.45	3.40	2.79	0.34	0.10	0.07
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	19.89	37.65	51.86	62.50	70.34	77.61	83.39	88.85	93.30	96.70	99.49	99.83	99.93	100.00

浙江省早籼稻种质资源的表型多样性分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of phenotypic diversities of early indica rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province

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参考文献 19

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排名 Ranking	D值 D-value	编号 Number	排名 Ranking	D值 D-value	编号 Number	排名 Ranking	D值 D-value	编号 Number	排名 Ranking	D值 D-value	编号 Number
1	1.76	13	26	0.44	97	51	-0.04	80	76	-0.43	59
2	1.32	25	27	0.38	89	52	-0.04	43	77	-0.43	9
3	1.19	11	28	0.37	62	53	-0.07	32	78	-0.49	57
4	0.99	26	29	0.36	40	54	-0.07	49	79	-0.50	91
5	0.95	5	30	0.34	29	55	-0.07	44	80	-0.51	46
6	0.95	24	31	0.33	39	56	-0.11	36	81	-0.51	50
7	0.91	30	32	0.32	2	57	-0.12	48	82	-0.51	23
8	0.87	12	33	0.32	31	58	-0.15	33	83	-0.52	52
9	0.85	92	34	0.29	7	59	-0.16	93	84	-0.53	38
10	0.82	72	35	0.20	69	60	-0.19	34	85	-0.53	86
11	0.77	42	36	0.19	19	61	-0.21	83	86	-0.56	65
12	0.77	3	37	0.19	1	62	-0.22	45	87	-0.56	68
13	0.75	18	38	0.18	90	63	-0.24	63	88	-0.64	37
14	0.74	51	39	0.17	79	64	-0.25	41	89	-0.64	6
15	0.73	14	40	0.15	55	65	-0.26	15	90	-0.76	54
16	0.70	74	41	0.13	75	66	-0.26	70	91	-0.83	21
17	0.67	100	42	0.12	77	67	-0.28	81	92	-0.86	85
18	0.60	95	43	0.08	27	68	-0.31	4	93	-0.87	98
19	0.60	73	44	0.06	8	69	-0.34	67	94	-0.90	84
20	0.58	22	45	0.00	87	70	-0.37	35	95	-1.08	88
21	0.57	17	46	-0.01	64	71	-0.40	71	96	-1.11	10
22	0.54	56	47	-0.02	66	72	-0.41	53	97	-1.14	99
23	0.53	20	48	-0.03	82	73	-0.42	94	98	-1.14	76
24	0.49	16	49	-0.03	60	74	-0.43	58	99	-1.34	78
25	0.45	28	50	-0.04	47	75	-0.43	96	100	-1.37	61

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	相关系数 Similarity coefficient
生育期 Growth period	0.229^*
株高 Plant height	0.029
剑叶长 Flag leaf length	0.128
倒二叶长 Length of second leaf	0.214^*
穗长 Panicle length	0.335^**
每穗实粒数 Flling particles per panicle	0.804^**
每穗瘪谷数shriveled grains per panicle	0.319^**
结实率 Seed setting rate	-0.009
单株有效穗 Effective panicle per plant	-0.154
千粒重 1 000-grain weight	0.350^**
单穗重Single spike weight	0.847^**
谷粒长 Grain length	0.618^**
谷粒宽 Grain width	0.286^**
谷粒长宽比 Length-width ratio	0.288^**

类群Number	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
生育期 Growth period/d	112.86	114.28	114.39	114.82
株高 Plant height/cm	96.93	86.70	87.22	87.45
剑叶长 Flag leaf length/cm	30.34	30.87	29.84	28.91
倒二叶长 Length of second leaf/cm	32.11	32.94	32.99	32.14
穗长 Panicle length/cm	21.18	20.43	21.25	22.06
每穗实粒数 Filled grains per panicle	145.21	170.11	133.04	134.94
每穗瘪谷数Shriveled grains per panicle	36.94	26.83	17.72	25.88
结实率 Seed setting rate/%	79.89	86.44	88.41	83.99
单株有效穗 Effective panicle per plant	10.86	5.67	6.03	6.95
千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	24.21	27.11	25.79	26.01
单穗重Single spike weight/g	3.94	6.06	4.40	4.49
谷粒长 Grain length/cm	0.75	0.81	0.72	0.78
谷粒宽 Grain width/cm	0.32	0.35	0.34	0.32
谷粒长宽比 Length-width ratio	2.50	2.31	2.11	2.44

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