灌水量与氮素形态对西兰花生产和氮代谢的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 308-315.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.02.14

灌水量与氮素形态对西兰花生产和氮代谢的影响

张辉(), 车旭升, 吕剑, 缑兆辉, 秦启杰, 罗建, 张国斌^*()

甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州 730030

收稿日期:2020-06-08 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-25
通讯作者: 张国斌
作者简介:*张国斌,E-mail: zhanggb@gsau.edu.cn
张辉(1995—),女,甘肃白银人,硕士研究生,主要研究蔬菜栽培生理。E-mail: 2621961241@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-C-07);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201205);甘肃省科技重大专项计划(17ZD2NA015)

Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen forms on production and nitrogen metabolism of broccoli

ZHANG Hui(), CHE Xusheng, LYU Jian, GOU Zhaohui, QIN Qijie, LUO Jian, ZHANG Guobin^*()

College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730030, China

Received:2020-06-08 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-25
Contact: ZHANG Guobin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以西兰花品种碧绿为试材,采用双因素交互试验设计,设置3个灌水量水平——W1(田间最大持水量的80%)、W2(田间最大持水量的60%)、W3(田间最大持水量的40%)和3种氮素形态——N1(全硝态氮)、N2(硝态氮与铵态氮的比例为7∶3)、N3(硝态氮与铵态氮的比例为5∶5),研究不同灌水量与氮素形态对西兰花干物质积累(干重)、产量、水氮利用效率和氮代谢的影响。结果表明:总的来看,在相同氮素形态下,西兰花干重、产量、氮肥偏生产力随着灌水量的减少呈现先升高后降低的趋势;在相同的灌水量下,西兰花的谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶活性和叶片可溶性蛋白含量随着铵态氮比例的增加而升高,而硝酸还原酶活性的变化与此正好相反。综合来看,本试验条件下,当灌水量为田间最大持水量的60%、硝态氮与铵态氮的比例为5∶5时,西兰花的产量、水氮利用效率、干重等性状均表现较优,是适宜当地西兰花生产的水氮组合。

关键词: 西兰花, 水分利用效率, 氮素利用效率, 水肥管理

Abstract:

In the present study, broccoli cv. Bilyu was selected as experimental material, and a two-factor interactive experimental design was adopted. Three irrigation amounts, namely, W1 (80% of the maximum field capacity), W2 (60% of the maximum field capacity), W3 (40% of the maximum field capacity) and 3 nitrogen forms, namely, N1 (pure$NO^{-}_{3}-N$), N2 (proportion of $NO^{-}_{3}-N$ to $NH^{+}_{4}-N$ was 7∶3), N3 (proportion of $NO^{-}_{3}-N$ to $NH^{+}_{4}-N$ was 5∶5) were set. The effects of different irrigation amounts and nitrogen forms on dry matter accumulation (dry weight), yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen metabolism of broccoli were studied. It was shown that under the same nitrogen form, the dry weight, yield, and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen of broccoli exhibited a trend of increase first and decrease later with the decreasing irrigation amount. Under the same irrigation amount, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity and soluble protein content of broccoli increased with the elevated proportion of $NH^{+}_{4}-N$, while the changes of nitrate reductase (NR) activity was the opposite. All in all, under the experiment condition, the performance of yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, dry weight of broccoli was the best under W2N3 treatment. In other words, it was a suitable combination for local broccoli production when the irrigation amount was 60% of the maximum field capacity, and the proportion of $NO^{-}_{3}-N$ to $NH^{+}_{4}-N$ was 5∶5.

Key words: broccoli, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, water and fertilizer management

中图分类号:

S635.1

张辉, 车旭升, 吕剑, 缑兆辉, 秦启杰, 罗建, 张国斌. 灌水量与氮素形态对西兰花生产和氮代谢的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(2): 308-315.

ZHANG Hui, CHE Xusheng, LYU Jian, GOU Zhaohui, QIN Qijie, LUO Jian, ZHANG Guobin. Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen forms on production and nitrogen metabolism of broccoli[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(2): 308-315.

图/表 5

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氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	莲座期 Rosette stage		结球期 Heading stage		采收期 Harvest stage
氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	地上部Shoot	地下部Root	地上部Shoot	地下部Root	地上部Shoot	地下部Root
N1	W1	28.25±0.65 e	2.54±0.03 de	59.36±0.45 c	5.98±0.38 c	157.89±5.01 b	8.70±1.26 bc
	W2	33.33±0.67 cd	2.59±0.02 cde	62.88±1.53 bc	6.63±0.36 bc	178.92±4.84 a	12.07±0.51 a
	W3	32.31±1.09 cd	2.34±0.04 e	60.92±5.24 c	6.33±0.05 bc	154.23±4.70 bc	11.33±0.40 a
N2	W1	30.62±1.03 de	2.72±0.06 bcd	61.96±1.28 bc	6.34±0.42 bc	132.21±5.62 d	8.16±0.73 c
	W2	33.57±1.45 cd	2.82±0.20 bc	67.08±1.45 abc	7.22±0.28 ab	140.72±10.39 bcd	10.76±0.72 ab
	W3	32.91±1.05 cd	2.56±0.07 de	69.99±3.79 ab	6.53±0.25 bc	136.27±3.41 cd	10.61±0.73 abc
N3	W1	37.83±0.94 b	2.85±0.03 b	64.15±1.76 bc	6.35±0.15 bc	145.98±3.19 bcd	8.01±0.75 c
	W2	46.25±0.46 a	3.22±0.05 a	72.83±1.89 a	7.59±0.26 a	186.22±6.68 a	10.34±0.41 abc
	W3	34.34±0.75 c	2.74±0.03 bcd	65.90±2.36 abc	6.90±0.24 abc	144.90±4.36 bcd	10.28±1.10 abc

氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	莲座期 Rosette stage		结球期 Heading stage		采收期 Harvest stage
氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	地上部Shoot	地下部Root	地上部Shoot	地下部Root	地上部Shoot	地下部Root
N1	W1	28.25±0.65 e	2.54±0.03 de	59.36±0.45 c	5.98±0.38 c	157.89±5.01 b	8.70±1.26 bc
	W2	33.33±0.67 cd	2.59±0.02 cde	62.88±1.53 bc	6.63±0.36 bc	178.92±4.84 a	12.07±0.51 a
	W3	32.31±1.09 cd	2.34±0.04 e	60.92±5.24 c	6.33±0.05 bc	154.23±4.70 bc	11.33±0.40 a
N2	W1	30.62±1.03 de	2.72±0.06 bcd	61.96±1.28 bc	6.34±0.42 bc	132.21±5.62 d	8.16±0.73 c
	W2	33.57±1.45 cd	2.82±0.20 bc	67.08±1.45 abc	7.22±0.28 ab	140.72±10.39 bcd	10.76±0.72 ab
	W3	32.91±1.05 cd	2.56±0.07 de	69.99±3.79 ab	6.53±0.25 bc	136.27±3.41 cd	10.61±0.73 abc
N3	W1	37.83±0.94 b	2.85±0.03 b	64.15±1.76 bc	6.35±0.15 bc	145.98±3.19 bcd	8.01±0.75 c
	W2	46.25±0.46 a	3.22±0.05 a	72.83±1.89 a	7.59±0.26 a	186.22±6.68 a	10.34±0.41 abc
	W3	34.34±0.75 c	2.74±0.03 bcd	65.90±2.36 abc	6.90±0.24 abc	144.90±4.36 bcd	10.28±1.10 abc

氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单个花球质量 Single flower ball weight/kg	经济产量 Economic yield/ (t·hm^-2)	WUE/(kg·m^-3)	PFP/(kg·kg^-1)
N1	W1	0.88±0.02 c	22.05±0.52 c	7.00±0.55 c	98.00±0.20 c
	W2	0.98±0.03 ab	24.55±0.67 ab	9.89±0.34 ab	109.11±0.17 ab
	W3	0.78±0.08 d	18.97±0.44 d	9.80±0.22 ab	84.31±0.11 d
N2	W1	0.92±0.02 bc	23.61±0.59 bc	7.50±0.33 c	104.93±0.15 bc
	W2	0.96±0.03 ab	24.04±0.32 ab	9.68±0.23 ab	106.84±0.10 ab
	W3	0.76±0.02 d	18.46±0.57 d	9.53±0.24 b	82.04±0.06 d
N3	W1	0.93±0.03 bc	23.67±0.84 bc	7.52±0.32 c	105.20±0.16 bc
	W2	1.02±0.02 a	25.43±0.44 a	10.24±0.27 a	113.02±0.17 a
	W3	0.78±0.02 d	19.27±0.44 d	9.95±0.61 ab	85.64±0.09 d

氮素形态 Nitrogen form	灌水量 Irrigation amount	单个花球质量 Single flower ball weight/kg	经济产量 Economic yield/ (t·hm^-2)	WUE/(kg·m^-3)	PFP/(kg·kg^-1)
N1	W1	0.88±0.02 c	22.05±0.52 c	7.00±0.55 c	98.00±0.20 c
	W2	0.98±0.03 ab	24.55±0.67 ab	9.89±0.34 ab	109.11±0.17 ab
	W3	0.78±0.08 d	18.97±0.44 d	9.80±0.22 ab	84.31±0.11 d
N2	W1	0.92±0.02 bc	23.61±0.59 bc	7.50±0.33 c	104.93±0.15 bc
	W2	0.96±0.03 ab	24.04±0.32 ab	9.68±0.23 ab	106.84±0.10 ab
	W3	0.76±0.02 d	18.46±0.57 d	9.53±0.24 b	82.04±0.06 d
N3	W1	0.93±0.03 bc	23.67±0.84 bc	7.52±0.32 c	105.20±0.16 bc
	W2	1.02±0.02 a	25.43±0.44 a	10.24±0.27 a	113.02±0.17 a
	W3	0.78±0.02 d	19.27±0.44 d	9.95±0.61 ab	85.64±0.09 d

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灌水量与氮素形态对西兰花生产和氮代谢的影响

Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen forms on production and nitrogen metabolism of broccoli

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