一株假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其在青海地区堆肥中的应用潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 343-351.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.02.16

一株假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其在青海地区堆肥中的应用潜力

张鑫鹏(), 王信, 孙健, 伊国云, 李松龄^*()

青海大学农林科学院, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-02
通讯作者: 李松龄
作者简介:李松龄,E-mail: 465883114@qq.com
张鑫鹏(1997—),女,河北廊坊人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业废弃物资源化利用。E-mail: 532076662@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省重大科技专项(2019-NK-A11);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(2021ZY016)

Isolation and identification of a Pseudomonas strain and its application potential in rape straw composting in Qinghai, China

ZHANG Xinpeng(), WANG Xin, SUN Jian, YI Guoyun, LI Songling^*()

Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received:2021-05-06 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-02
Contact: LI Songling

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了筛选出适用于青海地区油菜秸秆纤维素降解的菌株,提高当地油菜秸秆堆肥的效果,从青海省西宁市北山土壤中分离得到1株纤维素降解菌,经鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),其羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶活为25.35 U·mL^-1,外切-β-葡聚糖酶活为22.33 U·mL^-1,滤纸酶活为20.58 U·mL^-1。将该菌株制成微生物液体菌剂,按10 mL·kg^-1的比例接种于堆肥试验中作为试验组,与不添加菌剂的对照组相比,试验组堆体升温快,高温持续时间长。堆肥结束时,试验组堆肥的pH值和电导率均在合理范围内,种子发芽指数为90%,达到腐熟标准,堆体含水率下降至30%以下,全氮含量为1.39%,有机质含量为49.16%。结果说明,筛选出的菌株可应用于青海地区的油菜秸秆堆肥,能够加快堆肥腐熟,并提高堆肥质量。

关键词: 纤维素降解菌, 微生物菌剂, 堆肥

Abstract:

In order to accelerate the cellulose degradation of rape straw and improve the composting quality in Qinghai, China, a cellulose degrading strain was isolated from the soil of Beishan, Xining City, Qinghai Province, and was classified as the genus of Pseudomonas sp. Its carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) activity, exo-β-glucanases activity, and filter paper activity (FPA) were 25.35, 22.33, 20.58 U·mL ^-1, respectively. The strain was made into a liquid microbial inoculum and applied in a composting test at the rate of 10 mL·kg^-1 as the experiment group. Compared with the control group without application of microbial inoculum, the stack of the experiment group heated up quickly and the high temperature lasted longer. At the end of composting, the pH value and electrical conductivity of the experiment group were within a reasonable range, the seed germination index of the experiment group was 90%, which met the maturity standard, the moisture content of the stack dropped to 30% below, and the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter were 1.39% and 49.16%, respectively. Therefore, the isolated strain could be used in the rape straw composting, which could both accelerate the rate and improve the quality of composting in Qinghai.

Key words: cellulose-degrading strain, microbial inoculum, composting

中图分类号:

S154.39

张鑫鹏, 王信, 孙健, 伊国云, 李松龄. 一株假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其在青海地区堆肥中的应用潜力[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(2): 343-351.

ZHANG Xinpeng, WANG Xin, SUN Jian, YI Guoyun, LI Songling. Isolation and identification of a Pseudomonas strain and its application potential in rape straw composting in Qinghai, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(2): 343-351.

图/表 11

表1 堆肥原料的部分理化性质

Table 1 Physiochemical properties of composting materials

原料 Raw material	pH	含水率 Moisture content/%	有机质 Organic matter/%	全氮 Total N/%	全磷 Total P/%	全钾 Total K/%	C/N
猪粪 Pig manure	7.57	65.59	72.41	1.850	2.100	1.170	22.7∶1
油菜秸秆Rape straw	—	8.86	67.69	0.755	0.095	1.074	52.0∶1

表2 供试菌株的透明圈直径(D)与菌落直径(d)

Table 2 Diameters of transparent circles (D) and colonies (d) of test strains

菌株Strain	D/cm	d/cm	D/d
HK-15-4	0.69±0.04	0.42±0.03	1.64±0.16
HK-15-5	0.59±0.04	0.38±0.03	1.57±0.07
HK-15-6	2.01±0.04	0.42±0.02	4.72±0.20
HK-15-7	1.27±0.04	0.60±0.02	2.11±0.03
HK-15-8	0.56±0.03	0.32±0.01	1.77±0.04

表3 部分供试菌株的纤维素酶活性

Table 3 Cellulase activities of test strains U·mL-1

菌株 Strain	CMC酶活 CMC activity	滤纸酶活 FPA activity	外切-β-葡聚糖酶活 Exo-β-glucanases activity
HK-15-6	25.35±0.98	20.58±1.29	22.33±1.14
HK-15-7	16.22±1.12	15.81±1.34	17.36±1.17
HK-15-8	15.83±1.32	14.96±1.55	16.46±2.13

图1 菌株HK-15-6的系统发育树

Fig.1 Phylogenetic tree of strain HK-15-6

图2 堆肥过程中的温度变化

Fig.2 Dynamics of temperature during composting

图3 堆肥过程中pH值的变化点上无相同小写字母的表示同一测定时间不同处理下差异显著(P<0.05),无相同大写字母的表示同一组不同测定时间下差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.3 Dynamics of pH value during composting Dots marked without the same lowercase letters indicated significant difference between treatments at the same time at P<0.05. Dots marked without the same uppercase letters indicated significant difference within different time at P<0.05 for the same treatment. The same as below.

图4 堆肥过程中电导率(EC)的变化

Fig.4 Dynamics of electrical conductivity (EC) during composting

图5 堆肥过程中种子发芽指数(GI)的变化

Fig.5 Dynamics of germination index (GI) during composting

图6 堆肥过程中含水率的变化

Fig.6 Dynamics of moisture content during composting

图7 堆肥过程中降解率的变化

Fig.7 Dynamics of degradation rate during composting

表4 堆肥过程中全氮和有机质含量的变化

Table 4 Changes of contents of total nitrogen and organic matter during composting %

处理 Treatment	全氮Total nitrogen		有机质Organic matter
处理 Treatment	堆肥前 Before composting	堆肥后 After composting	堆肥前 Before composting	堆肥后 After composting
试验组Experiment group	1.36±0.09 aA	1.39±0.01 aA	68.05±1.61 aA	49.16±0.77 bB
对照组Control group	1.32±0.02 aA	1.29±0.04 aB	68.03±1.98 aA	55.53±0.65 bA

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一株假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其在青海地区堆肥中的应用潜力

Isolation and identification of a Pseudomonas strain and its application potential in rape straw composting in Qinghai, China

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