浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 841-850.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.21
收稿日期:2021-03-16
出版日期:2022-04-25
发布日期:2022-04-28
作者简介:*徐梦洁,E-mail: xmj@njau.edu.cn通讯作者:
徐梦洁
基金资助:
WANG Lijuan1(
), CHEN Yangfen2, XU Mengjie3,*(
)
Received:2021-03-16
Online:2022-04-25
Published:2022-04-28
Contact:
XU Mengjie
摘要:
农业跨区域投资对于促进区域优势互补,实现乡村产业振兴具有重要意义。基于浙江省跨区域农业投资项目库,运用计量经济模型从宏观上解析农业跨区域投资的区位影响因素,结合微观调查法从投资主体视角分析其区位决策机制。研究表明:浙江农业跨区域投资总体上呈现东高西低、由东部向西部递减的区位特征,且主要集中在周边省(市)和农业大省;耕地资源条件、农业发展基础、与产业类型相匹配的自然环境条件以及与产品消费市场之间的距离是农业跨区域投资区位选择的主要影响因素;在跨区域投资区位决策中,农业投资者除了关注土地、劳动力、农业基础设施条件、交通运输条件、优惠政策等经济因素外,还较关注社会治安、民风状况、政府部门工作效率、领导重视程度等社会政治因素。据此,提出了农业“精准招商”策略和优化营商环境的建议。
中图分类号:
王丽娟, 陈秧分, 徐梦洁. 乡村振兴视域下农业跨区域投资区位及其决策机制——以浙江省为例[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 841-850.
WANG Lijuan, CHEN Yangfen, XU Mengjie. Study on agricultural cross-regional investment location and its decision-making mechanism from perspective of rural revitalization: a case study of Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 841-850.
| 因素Factor | 指标Index | 计算方法The method of calculation |
|---|---|---|
| 农业发展基础 Foundation of agricultural development | 单位面积农业总产值 Total agricultural output value per unit area(X1) | 农林牧渔业总产值/耕地面积 Total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery/Cultivated land area |
| 农业自然资源条件 Agricultural natural resource conditions | 耕地资源丰裕程度 Cultivated land resources abundance(X2) | 耕地资源面积/土地总面积 Cultivated land resource area/Total land area |
| 水资源丰裕程度 Water resources abundance(X3) | 水资源总量/土地总面积 Total water resources/Total land area | |
| 劳动力资源条件 Labor resource conditions | 农业劳动力平均工资 Average wage of agricultural labor force(X4) | 农林牧渔业职工平均工资 Average wage of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery workers |
| 农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity(X5) | 农林牧渔业总产值/农林牧渔业就业人口 Total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery/Employed population in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery | |
| 农业基础设施与装备 Agricultural infrastructure and equipment | 有效灌溉率 Effective irrigation rate(X6) | 有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 Effective irrigated area/Cultivated land area |
| 单位面积农机总动力 Total power of agricultural machinery per unit area(X7) | 农业机械总动力/耕地面积 Total power of agricultural machinery/Cultivated land area | |
| 财政支农情况 Financial support for agriculture | 单位面积财政投入 Financial investment per unit area(X8) | 财政支农支出/耕地面积 Financial expenditure for agriculture/Cultivated land area |
| 农业灾害情况 Agricultural disasters | 农业受灾率 Agricultural disaster rate(X9) | 受灾面积/耕地面积 Disaster area/Cultivated land area |
| 地理区位条件 Geographical location conditions | 地缘因素 Geographical factors(X10) | 东部邻省赋值4;其他东部省份赋值3;中部省份和东北省份赋值2;西部省份赋值1 The eastern neighboring province is assigned 4; Other eastern province is assigned 3; Central and northeast province is assigned 2; Western province is assigned 1 |
| 与投资初始地的距离 Distance from the origin of investment(X11) | 某省与浙江省地理中心的距离 Distance between a province and the geographical center of Zhejiang Province |
表1 农业跨区域投资的区位影响因素
Table 1 The location influencing factors of agricultural cross-regional investment
| 因素Factor | 指标Index | 计算方法The method of calculation |
|---|---|---|
| 农业发展基础 Foundation of agricultural development | 单位面积农业总产值 Total agricultural output value per unit area(X1) | 农林牧渔业总产值/耕地面积 Total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery/Cultivated land area |
| 农业自然资源条件 Agricultural natural resource conditions | 耕地资源丰裕程度 Cultivated land resources abundance(X2) | 耕地资源面积/土地总面积 Cultivated land resource area/Total land area |
| 水资源丰裕程度 Water resources abundance(X3) | 水资源总量/土地总面积 Total water resources/Total land area | |
| 劳动力资源条件 Labor resource conditions | 农业劳动力平均工资 Average wage of agricultural labor force(X4) | 农林牧渔业职工平均工资 Average wage of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery workers |
| 农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity(X5) | 农林牧渔业总产值/农林牧渔业就业人口 Total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery/Employed population in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery | |
| 农业基础设施与装备 Agricultural infrastructure and equipment | 有效灌溉率 Effective irrigation rate(X6) | 有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 Effective irrigated area/Cultivated land area |
| 单位面积农机总动力 Total power of agricultural machinery per unit area(X7) | 农业机械总动力/耕地面积 Total power of agricultural machinery/Cultivated land area | |
| 财政支农情况 Financial support for agriculture | 单位面积财政投入 Financial investment per unit area(X8) | 财政支农支出/耕地面积 Financial expenditure for agriculture/Cultivated land area |
| 农业灾害情况 Agricultural disasters | 农业受灾率 Agricultural disaster rate(X9) | 受灾面积/耕地面积 Disaster area/Cultivated land area |
| 地理区位条件 Geographical location conditions | 地缘因素 Geographical factors(X10) | 东部邻省赋值4;其他东部省份赋值3;中部省份和东北省份赋值2;西部省份赋值1 The eastern neighboring province is assigned 4; Other eastern province is assigned 3; Central and northeast province is assigned 2; Western province is assigned 1 |
| 与投资初始地的距离 Distance from the origin of investment(X11) | 某省与浙江省地理中心的距离 Distance between a province and the geographical center of Zhejiang Province |
图1 浙江农业跨区域投资项目区位分布图 基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)1823号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。
Fig.1 The distribution of Zhejiang’s agricultural cross-regional investment Based on the standard map GS (2019) No. 1823 of the standard map service website of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the base map boundary was not modified.
| 自变量 Independent variable | 未标准化系数 Unstandardized coefficient | 标准化分数 Standardized score | 显著性 Statistical significance | 共线性统计量 Collinearity statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 标准误Standard error | Beta | t | 允差Tolerance | VIF | ||
| lnX1 | 1.285 | 0.439 | 0.325 | 2.926 | 0.007 | 0.528 | 1.893 |
| lnX2 | 1.330 | 0.229 | 0.583 | 5.819 | 0 | 0.649 | 1.540 |
| lnX7 | -1.550 | 0.498 | -0.298 | -3.115 | 0.005 | 0.711 | 1.406 |
| lnX11 | -1.201 | 0.516 | -0.282 | -2.326 | 0.028 | 0.443 | 2.257 |
表2 系数
Table 2 Coefficients
| 自变量 Independent variable | 未标准化系数 Unstandardized coefficient | 标准化分数 Standardized score | 显著性 Statistical significance | 共线性统计量 Collinearity statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 标准误Standard error | Beta | t | 允差Tolerance | VIF | ||
| lnX1 | 1.285 | 0.439 | 0.325 | 2.926 | 0.007 | 0.528 | 1.893 |
| lnX2 | 1.330 | 0.229 | 0.583 | 5.819 | 0 | 0.649 | 1.540 |
| lnX7 | -1.550 | 0.498 | -0.298 | -3.115 | 0.005 | 0.711 | 1.406 |
| lnX11 | -1.201 | 0.516 | -0.282 | -2.326 | 0.028 | 0.443 | 2.257 |
| 产业 Industry | 数量 Number | 比例 Proportion/% |
|---|---|---|
| 水产Aquatic products | 140 | 23.6 |
| 果品Fruit | 92 | 15.5 |
| 茶叶Tea | 82 | 13.8 |
| 蔬菜Vegetables | 65 | 11.0 |
| 畜牧Animal husbandry | 46 | 7.8 |
| 花卉苗木Flowers and nursery stock | 33 | 5.6 |
| 竹木Bamboo | 31 | 5.2 |
| 食用菌Edible fungi | 14 | 2.4 |
| 中药材Chinese traditional medicinal crops | 13 | 2.2 |
| 蚕桑Sericulture | 12 | 2.0 |
| 其他Others | 65 | 11.0 |
| 合计Total | 593 | 100.0 |
表3 浙江农业跨区域投资项目的产业类型
Table 3 The industrial types of cross-regional agricultural investment projects of Zhejiang Province
| 产业 Industry | 数量 Number | 比例 Proportion/% |
|---|---|---|
| 水产Aquatic products | 140 | 23.6 |
| 果品Fruit | 92 | 15.5 |
| 茶叶Tea | 82 | 13.8 |
| 蔬菜Vegetables | 65 | 11.0 |
| 畜牧Animal husbandry | 46 | 7.8 |
| 花卉苗木Flowers and nursery stock | 33 | 5.6 |
| 竹木Bamboo | 31 | 5.2 |
| 食用菌Edible fungi | 14 | 2.4 |
| 中药材Chinese traditional medicinal crops | 13 | 2.2 |
| 蚕桑Sericulture | 12 | 2.0 |
| 其他Others | 65 | 11.0 |
| 合计Total | 593 | 100.0 |
| 动因 Agent | 选择主体数 Number of selectedentities | 比例 Proportion/% |
|---|---|---|
| 规模扩张受土地资源制约Scale expansion is restricted by land resources | 99 | 57.6 |
| 降低生产经营成本Reduce production and operation costs | 90 | 52.3 |
| 寻找新的原料基地Looking for new raw material bases | 63 | 36.6 |
| 新品种种植的气候条件不适宜Unsuitable climate conditions for planting new varieties | 47 | 27.3 |
| 配合产品进入新的市场Cooperate with products to enter new markets | 39 | 22.7 |
| 其他Others | 12 | 7.0 |
表4 浙江省农业跨区域投资的动机
Table 4 The motivation of agricultural cross-regional investment of Zhejiang Province
| 动因 Agent | 选择主体数 Number of selectedentities | 比例 Proportion/% |
|---|---|---|
| 规模扩张受土地资源制约Scale expansion is restricted by land resources | 99 | 57.6 |
| 降低生产经营成本Reduce production and operation costs | 90 | 52.3 |
| 寻找新的原料基地Looking for new raw material bases | 63 | 36.6 |
| 新品种种植的气候条件不适宜Unsuitable climate conditions for planting new varieties | 47 | 27.3 |
| 配合产品进入新的市场Cooperate with products to enter new markets | 39 | 22.7 |
| 其他Others | 12 | 7.0 |
| 重要性程度 Degree of importance | 序号 Serial number | 区位因素 Location factors | 平均得分 Average score(S) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 先决因素Prerequisites | 1 | 自然条件有利生产Physical conditions favorable for production | 4.8 |
| 2 | 生产环境没有污染No pollution in the production environment | 4.7 | |
| 重要因素Important factors | 3 | 土地容易获得Easy access to land | 4.4 |
| 4 | 农业基础设施好Good agricultural infrastructure | 4.2 | |
| 5 | 土地价格便宜Cheap land | 4.2 | |
| 6 | 社会治安好Good social security | 4.2 | |
| 7 | 交通便捷Convenient transportation | 4.2 | |
| 8 | 劳动力价格便宜Cheap labor | 4.2 | |
| 9 | 靠近产品消费市场Close to product consumption market | 4.1 | |
| 次重要因素 | 10 | 优惠的政策条件Preferential policy conditions | 4.0 |
| Secondary important factors | 11 | 民风好Good folk custom | 4.0 |
| 12 | 产业基础好Good industrial foundation | 4.0 | |
| 13 | 领导重视Leadership attention | 4.0 | |
| 14 | 政府部门效率高High efficiency of government departments | 3.9 | |
| 15 | 熟练劳动力多More skilled labor | 3.8 | |
| 一般因素General factors | 16 | 具有相近的文化Have similar cultures | 3.1 |
| 17 | 离原所在地较近Close to the original location | 3.0 |
表5 农业跨区域投资区位影响因素得分
Table 5 The score of influencing factors of agricultural cross-regional investment location
| 重要性程度 Degree of importance | 序号 Serial number | 区位因素 Location factors | 平均得分 Average score(S) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 先决因素Prerequisites | 1 | 自然条件有利生产Physical conditions favorable for production | 4.8 |
| 2 | 生产环境没有污染No pollution in the production environment | 4.7 | |
| 重要因素Important factors | 3 | 土地容易获得Easy access to land | 4.4 |
| 4 | 农业基础设施好Good agricultural infrastructure | 4.2 | |
| 5 | 土地价格便宜Cheap land | 4.2 | |
| 6 | 社会治安好Good social security | 4.2 | |
| 7 | 交通便捷Convenient transportation | 4.2 | |
| 8 | 劳动力价格便宜Cheap labor | 4.2 | |
| 9 | 靠近产品消费市场Close to product consumption market | 4.1 | |
| 次重要因素 | 10 | 优惠的政策条件Preferential policy conditions | 4.0 |
| Secondary important factors | 11 | 民风好Good folk custom | 4.0 |
| 12 | 产业基础好Good industrial foundation | 4.0 | |
| 13 | 领导重视Leadership attention | 4.0 | |
| 14 | 政府部门效率高High efficiency of government departments | 3.9 | |
| 15 | 熟练劳动力多More skilled labor | 3.8 | |
| 一般因素General factors | 16 | 具有相近的文化Have similar cultures | 3.1 |
| 17 | 离原所在地较近Close to the original location | 3.0 |
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