浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 1369-1376.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.07.03
邹振浩1(
), 孙业良2, 赵玉宝2, 李鑫1, 张丽平1, 张兰1, 董春旺1, 付建玉1, 韩文炎1, 颜鹏1,*(
)
收稿日期:2021-09-24
出版日期:2022-07-25
发布日期:2022-07-26
作者简介:* 颜鹏,E-mail: yanpengzn@163.com通讯作者:
颜鹏
基金资助:
ZOU Zhenhao1(
), SUN Yeliang2, ZHAO Yubao2, LI Xin1, ZHANG Liping1, ZHANG Lan1, DONG Chunwang1, FU Jianyu1, HAN Wenyan1, YAN Peng1,*(
)
Received:2021-09-24
Online:2022-07-25
Published:2022-07-26
Contact:
YAN Peng
摘要:
茶树是以收获叶片为主的经济作物。生产上,茶树旺盛的生殖生长会消耗大量营养,影响茶叶的产量和品质。通过比较有无花芽和采摘花芽对春茶产量和品质的影响,为茶园管理提供理论依据和指导。以中茶108为材料,试验设3个处理:T1为有花芽未采摘,T2为采摘花芽,T3为无花芽。在春茶期,分别于3月15日、3月18日、3月22日和3月25日进行采样,测定产量和品质。结果表明,开花会显著降低春茶产量,与有花芽的T1相比,T3处理前3次采摘分别增加了114.3%、55.1%和76.5%。可采摘芽头数量也呈现相同的趋势,与T1相比,T3处理各个时期鲜叶芽头数分别增加了100%、55%、31.6%和9.9%。T2摘花处理也能够显著提高可采摘芽头数量。茶树开花与采摘花芽处理对春茶期间茶叶百芽重的影响主要表现在第1次采摘时,T1处理百芽重最低,T3处理的百芽重最高,达到3.1 g。对茶叶品质成分进行研究发现,无花芽的T3处理鲜叶氨基酸和茶多酚含量均显著高于有花芽的T1处理;与T1处理相比,摘去花芽后T2处理的鲜叶氨基酸和茶多酚含量均有不同程度增加。不同处理间鲜叶养分含量存在一定的差异,并且主要体现在磷(P)、钾(K)含量上。第3次采样时,T1的P含量最低,为5.0 mg·g-1,T2和T3处理P含量均为5.7 mg·g-1;第4次采样时,T1处理K含量最低,为17.0 mg·g-1;T2处理K含量提高到19.8 mg·g-1,T3处理的K含量为20.9 mg·g-1。茶树开花会造成春茶产量下降,尤其是前期春茶产量下降程度更严重。同时也会造成氨基酸和茶多酚含量的降低,进而影响茶叶品质。花芽长成初期,通过采摘花芽能够有效提高春茶产量和品质。因此,在实际生产中,需要探索通过合理的修剪和采摘、化学除花、合理密植和遮荫等措施来减少茶树开花,从而提高春茶产量和品质。
中图分类号:
邹振浩, 孙业良, 赵玉宝, 李鑫, 张丽平, 张兰, 董春旺, 付建玉, 韩文炎, 颜鹏. 采摘花芽对春茶产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(7): 1369-1376.
ZOU Zhenhao, SUN Yeliang, ZHAO Yubao, LI Xin, ZHANG Liping, ZHANG Lan, DONG Chunwang, FU Jianyu, HAN Wenyan, YAN Peng. Effects of picking flower buds on yield and quality of tea in spring[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(7): 1369-1376.
图1 不同处理对春茶产量的影响 柱上无相同小写字母表示各处理差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on yield of spring tea Data marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant differences at P<0.05. The same as below.
| 处理 Treatment | N | P | K | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03-15 | 03-18 | 03-22 | 03-25 | 03-15 | 03-18 | 03-22 | 03-25 | 03-15 | 03-28 | 03-22 | 03-25 | |
| T1 | 41.0 ±3.3a | 39.5 ±1.5a | 35.7 ±3.2a | 39.2 ±1.8 a | 5.1 ±0.2 a | 5.2 ±0.2 a | 5.0 ±0.7b | 5.3 ±0.9 a | 14.7 ±0.5 a | 16.3 ±0.9 a | 14.5 ±2.5 a | 17.0 ±0.1c |
| T2 | 45.7 ±4.1a | 39.5 ±06a | 35.9 ±3.9a | 41.0 ±1.3 a | 5.3 ±0.3 a | 5.3 ±0.1 a | 5.7 ±0.2 a | 5.2 ±0.1 a | 15.0 ±0.4 a | 15.9 ±0.1 a | 15.7 ±0.3 a | 19.8 ±1.2b |
| T3 | 43.1 ±1.1a | 37.1 ±1.8a | 37.0 ±3.6a | 41.4 ±1.5 a | 5.1 ±0.2 a | 5.4 ±0.1 a | 5.7 ±0.2 a | 5.1 ±0.1 a | 13.4 ±0.7 a | 15.9 ±0.2 a | 16.3 ±0.5 a | 20.9 ±0.8 a |
表1 不同处理对春茶N、P、K含量的影响
Table 1 Effects of different treatments on the contents of N, P and K in tea during spring tea mg·g-1
| 处理 Treatment | N | P | K | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03-15 | 03-18 | 03-22 | 03-25 | 03-15 | 03-18 | 03-22 | 03-25 | 03-15 | 03-28 | 03-22 | 03-25 | |
| T1 | 41.0 ±3.3a | 39.5 ±1.5a | 35.7 ±3.2a | 39.2 ±1.8 a | 5.1 ±0.2 a | 5.2 ±0.2 a | 5.0 ±0.7b | 5.3 ±0.9 a | 14.7 ±0.5 a | 16.3 ±0.9 a | 14.5 ±2.5 a | 17.0 ±0.1c |
| T2 | 45.7 ±4.1a | 39.5 ±06a | 35.9 ±3.9a | 41.0 ±1.3 a | 5.3 ±0.3 a | 5.3 ±0.1 a | 5.7 ±0.2 a | 5.2 ±0.1 a | 15.0 ±0.4 a | 15.9 ±0.1 a | 15.7 ±0.3 a | 19.8 ±1.2b |
| T3 | 43.1 ±1.1a | 37.1 ±1.8a | 37.0 ±3.6a | 41.4 ±1.5 a | 5.1 ±0.2 a | 5.4 ±0.1 a | 5.7 ±0.2 a | 5.1 ±0.1 a | 13.4 ±0.7 a | 15.9 ±0.2 a | 16.3 ±0.5 a | 20.9 ±0.8 a |
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