危害茶树菇新害虫——Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960(Diptera: Sciaridae)的生物学特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.15

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 884-892.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.15

危害茶树菇新害虫——Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960(Diptera: Sciaridae)的生物学特性

王赟萍¹(), 贺佩珊², 马吉平¹, 钟国祥¹, 王素贞¹, 肖银润¹, 熊小文¹, 张诚¹^,^*()

1.江西省农业科学院农业应用微生物研究所,江西南昌 330200
2.江西农业工程职业学院,江西宜春 331200

收稿日期:2022-01-24 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-05-05
作者简介:王赟萍(1995—),女,江西九江人,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向为食用菌病虫害防治。E-mail:13611505911@163.com
通讯作者: ^*张诚,E-mail: 693871908@qq.com
基金资助:
江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201803-02);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX201702-07);江西省食用菌产业技术体系(JXARS-20);江西省重点研发计划项目(20202BBFL63005)

Biological characteristization of a new pest attacking Agrocybe aegerita: Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae)

WANG Yunping¹(), HE Peishan², MA Jiping¹, ZHONG Guoxiang¹, WANG Suzhen¹, XIAO Yinrun¹, XIONG Xiaowen¹, ZHANG Cheng¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Applied Agricultural Micro-Organisms,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
2. Jiangxi Agricultural Engineering College, Yichun 331200, Jiangxi, China

Received:2022-01-24 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年在江西省农业科学院栽培茶树菇的过程中,发现了一种危害茶树菇的蕈蚊。通过扩增线粒体COI基因、序列比对进行分子鉴定,并构建系统发育树。同时对该蕈蚊进行制片和拍照,描述了其卵、幼虫、成虫的主要形态特征;另外,通过在培养箱中饲养该蕈蚊,观察、记录其生物学特征。结果表明,危害茶树菇的蕈蚊为Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960,为江西省新纪录种,与Bradysia peraffinis COⅠ序列(登录号:JQ613799)的相似度达到99.85%。该蕈蚊以幼虫危害菌丝和子实体,研究发现,老熟幼虫爬至培养料口化蛹,羽化后飞出菌袋。其成虫活泼善飞,具有趋光性,生活史约20~29 d,年发生多代,世代重叠明显。研究结果,为深入研究该蕈蚊发生规律和防控技术奠定了理论基础。

关键词: Bradysia peraffinis, 分子鉴定, 形态特征, 生物学, 江西

Abstract:

In recent years, we discovered a species of insects that harmed the Agrocybe aegerita during its cultivation in Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Samples of adults were collected from the culture materials of Agrocybe aegerita, and molecular identification was carried out by amplifying the mitochondrial COⅠ gene and sequence comparison. The neighbor-joining method was used to construct phylogenetic trees. At the same time, we filmed and photographed the insect and described the main morphological characteristics of its eggs, larvae and adults. In addition, their biological characteristics were observed and recorded by raising them in an incubator. The results showed that the insect that harmed Agrocybe aegerita was Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960, a new record species in Jiangxi, the similarity with Bradysia peraffinis COⅠ sequence (accession number: JQ613799) reached 99.85%. The larvae of this insect harm hyphae and fruit bodies. And we found the mature larvae crawled to the mouth of the culture bag and pupated, and flew out of the bag after eclosion. Adults were good at flying, with phototaxis. In laboratory tests, their generation period was about 20-29 days in the incubator. It had sevaral generations a year and the generations overlap. This article laid the foundation for the in-depth study of its occurrence and prevention and control techniques in the future.

Key words: Bradysia peraffinis, molecular identification, morphological characteristics, biology, Jiangxi

中图分类号:

S436.462

王赟萍, 贺佩珊, 马吉平, 钟国祥, 王素贞, 肖银润, 熊小文, 张诚. 危害茶树菇新害虫——Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960(Diptera: Sciaridae)的生物学特性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(4): 884-892.

WANG Yunping, HE Peishan, MA Jiping, ZHONG Guoxiang, WANG Suzhen, XIAO Yinrun, XIONG Xiaowen, ZHANG Cheng. Biological characteristization of a new pest attacking Agrocybe aegerita: Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae)[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 884-892.

图/表 10

图1 COⅠ基因扩增结果 1,眼蕈蚊样品;2,阴性对照;M,DL5000 DNA marker。

Fig.1 PCR amplification of the COⅠ gene 1, Sample of Sciaridae; 2, Negative control; M, DL5000 DNA marker.

表1 十六个迟眼蕈蚊COⅠ基因序列的种内与种间的遗传距离

Table 1 Intra-and inter-specific genetic distances of 16 Bradysia species based on the sequence of mitochondrial COⅠ genes

编号 Number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1
2	0.002
3	0.003	0.002
4	0.191	0.189	0.191
5	0.179	0.182	0.184	0.176
6	0.191	0.189	0.191	0.156	0.162
7	0.179	0.177	0.179	0.164	0.188	0.148
8	0.184	0.181	0.184	0.160	0.175	0.177	0.148
9	0.162	0.160	0.162	0.156	0.183	0.145	0.156	0.176
10	0.189	0.187	0.189	0.166	0.200	0.142	0.176	0.160	0.174
11	0.191	0.189	0.191	0.188	0.199	0.175	0.177	0.201	0.194	0.174
12	0.198	0.196	0.198	0.156	0.190	0.146	0.142	0.162	0.164	0.156	0.162
13	0.168	0.166	0.168	0.142	0.162	0.158	0.162	0.158	0.164	0.146	0.169	0.158
14	0.195	0.193	0.195	0.208	0.191	0.199	0.195	0.201	0.176	0.216	0.199	0.183	0.190
15	0.185	0.183	0.185	0.185	0.179	0.160	0.150	0.183	0.152	0.158	0.177	0.166	0.152	0.188
16	0.194	0.192	0.194	0.178	0.199	0.180	0.164	0.160	0.162	0.130	0.177	0.144	0.150	0.229	0.158

图2 运用邻接法构建16个迟眼蕈蚊昆虫COⅠ基因序列的系统发育树 ☆,江西采集的样本。

Fig.2 NJ trees based on the analysis of 16 Bradysia species COⅠ gene sequences ☆, The specimen collected in Jiangxi province.

图3 Bradysia peraffinis的卵和幼虫 A,卵块;B,卵粒;C,幼虫;D,幼虫吐丝。

Fig.3 Larvae and eggs of the Bradysia peraffinis A, Egg mass; B, Eggs; C, Larve; D, Spin.

表2 Bradysia peraffinis各虫态体长

Table 2 Body length of Bradysia peraffinis

虫态 Stage	样本量 Number	体长 Body length/mm	平均体长 The average body length/mm
雌虫Female	108	2.08~3.02	2.54
雄虫Male	98	1.70~2.54	2.08
卵Egg	207	0.18~0.22	0.2
老熟幼虫Larva	153	5.03~5.54	5.43
蛹Pupa	92	2.01~2.74	2.29

图4 Bradysia peraffinis的蛹 A,化蛹前;B,蛹,腹面观,C,蛹,侧面观;D,羽化前。

Fig.4 Pupas of the Bradysia peraffinis A, Before pupation; B, Pupa, ventral view; C, Pupa, lateral view; D, Before eclosion.

图5 Bradysia peraffinis的成虫 A,雌虫,背面观;B,雌虫,侧面观; C,雄虫,背面观;D,雄虫,侧面观;E,交配。

Fig.5 Adults of the Bradysia peraffinis A, Female, dorsal view; B, Female, lateral view; C, Male, dorsal view; D, Male, lateral view; E, Mating.

图6 Bradysia peraffinis的主要形态特征 A,第4鞭节;B,下颚须;C,前足胫节;D,雄性尾器腹面观;E,雌性翅脉。

Fig.6 Morphological characteristics of the Bradysia peraffinis A, The 4th flagellomere; B, Palpus; C, Fore tibiae; D, Hypopygium, male, ventral view; E, Wing vein, female.

表3 四种虫态历期

Table 3 The development time of 4 stages

虫态 Stage	样本量 Number	历期 Duration/d	平均历期 The average duration/d
卵Egg	233	3~5	3.9
幼虫Larva	136	10~17	13.63
蛹Pupa	65	3~7	4.52
成虫Adult	109	1~5	3.86

图7 危害症状图 A,袋内危害的幼虫;B,危害后菌丝退化(左)与正常菌袋(右)对比。

Fig.7 Damage characteristics A, Larvae in the fungus bag; B, Damaged bag (left) and normal bag (right).

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危害茶树菇新害虫——Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960(Diptera: Sciaridae)的生物学特性

Biological characteristization of a new pest attacking Agrocybe aegerita: Bradysia peraffinis Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae)

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