温州海域水产品的重金属分布特征与健康风险评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240939

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2354-2363.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240939

温州海域水产品的重金属分布特征与健康风险评价

陈星星¹^,²^,³(), 虞雯煊⁴, 薛峰¹^,²^,³, 吴越¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州 325005
2.全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,浙江温州 325005
3.温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室,浙江温州 325005
4.福建农林大学海洋学院,福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2024-11-04 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:陈星星(1988—),男,浙江三门人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为水产品质检与营养分析。E-mail:363316091@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*吴越,E-mail:476281577@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省科技厅项目(LGN19C030001);温州市基础性公益科研项目(S2023042)

Characteristics of heavy metals distribution and health risk evaluation of marine products in the sea areas of Wenzhou, China

CHEN Xingxing¹^,²^,³(), YU Wenxuan⁴, XUE Feng¹^,²^,³, WU Yue¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
3. Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China
4. College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2024-11-04 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明温州海域水产品中铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)7种重金属元素的分布特征,利用高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子体质谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱技术对从温州海域采集的11种海洋生物样品中的重金属含量进行测定,综合采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数和食用安全性评估等方法全面评价样品的重金属污染程度及其健康风险。结果表明:样品中Hg、As(以无机砷计)、Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn含量的平均值分别为0.015、0.035、0.17、0.14、0.23、4.38、12.13 mg·kg^-1。对照GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》,样品中Cr、Cd、Hg、As、Pb含量的平均值均未超标。单因子污染指数评价的结果显示,三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的重金属污染情况相对严重,Cu、Cd、Pb为轻度污染,Zn为中度污染。此外,三疣梭子蟹的综合污染指数值也最高,为0.46。食用安全性评估结果显示,供试样品的健康风险较低。供试样品的目标危险系数(THQ)和危害指数(HI)值均低于1,表明其食用安全性较高。总体来看,本次检测的温州海域水产品的重金属安全风险较低,但三疣梭子蟹和厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)的HI值分别达到0.680和0.526,须对其加强风险监测。

关键词: 水产品, 重金属, 分布特征, 风险评估

Abstract:

In order to characterize the distribution of seven heavy metal elements, namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), in marine products in the sea area of Wenzhou, China, high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques were utilized to determine the heavy metals contents in 11 marine biological samples. The single factor pollution index, comprehensive pollution index and food safety assessment method were used to comprehensively evaluate the heavy metals pollution level and their health risk of these samples. It was shown that the average contents of Hg, inorganic As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn were 0.015, 0.035, 0.17, 0.14, 0.23, 4.38, 12.13 mg·kg^-1, respectively. According to the National Food Safety Standard Contamination Limit in Food (GB 2762—2022), the average contents of Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Pb in these samples were below the limit. Based on the the single factor pollution index, the heavy metals pollution level of Portunus trituberculatus was relatively higher, with mild pollution of Cd, Cd, Pb and moderate pollution of Zn. Besides, the comprehensive pollution index value of P. trituberculatus was also high, which reached 0.46. In terms of food safety assessment, all the samples showed low risk. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values of all the samples were smaller than 1. Therefore, the collected samples all showed low ecological and health risk, indicating high safety for consumption. In general, this survey exhibited low heavy metals pollution risk in the marine products in the sea area of Wenzhou. However, the HI value of P. trituberculatus and Mytilus coruscus reached 0.680 and 0.526, respectively, which called for more attention on the risk monitoring and assessment.

Key words: aquatic product, heavy metal, distribution characteristic, risk assessment

中图分类号:

S931.3

陈星星, 虞雯煊, 薛峰, 吴越. 温州海域水产品的重金属分布特征与健康风险评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2354-2363.

CHEN Xingxing, YU Wenxuan, XUE Feng, WU Yue. Characteristics of heavy metals distribution and health risk evaluation of marine products in the sea areas of Wenzhou, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2354-2363.

图/表 6

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元素 Element	限量值Limit value/(mg·kg^-1)			PTWI/(mg·kg^-1)	RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
元素 Element	软体动物Molluscs	鱼类Fishes	甲壳类Crustaceans	PTWI/(mg·kg^-1)	RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
Cr	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.006 7	1.5
Cu	50.0	50.0	50.0	3.5	0.04
Zn	40.0	40.0	40.0	7.0	0.3
As	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.015	0.000 3
Cd	2.0	0.1	0.5/3.0	0.007	0.001
Hg	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.000 7	0.000 5
Pb	1.0/1.5	0.5	0.5	0.025	0.003 5

元素 Element	限量值Limit value/(mg·kg^-1)			PTWI/(mg·kg^-1)	RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
元素 Element	软体动物Molluscs	鱼类Fishes	甲壳类Crustaceans	PTWI/(mg·kg^-1)	RfD/(mg·kg^-1·d^-1)
Cr	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.006 7	1.5
Cu	50.0	50.0	50.0	3.5	0.04
Zn	40.0	40.0	40.0	7.0	0.3
As	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.015	0.000 3
Cd	2.0	0.1	0.5/3.0	0.007	0.001
Hg	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.000 7	0.000 5
Pb	1.0/1.5	0.5	0.5	0.025	0.003 5

类别 Category	物种 Species	Cr含量 Cr content	Cu含量 Cu content	Zn含量 Zn content	As含量 As content	Cd含量 Cd content	Hg含量 Hg content	Pb含量 Pb content
软体动物 Molluscs	曼氏无针乌贼 Sepiella maindroni	0.12~0.12 (0.12)	2.42~2.45 (2.44)	15.46~15.55 (15.49)	7.70~7.74 (7.72)	0.049~0.050 (0.050)	0.015~0.018 (0.016)	0.16~0.17 (0.16)
	de Rochebrune
	长蛸 Octopus minor	0.10~0.12 (0.11)	9.08~9.95 (9.51)	17.38~18.97 (18.14)	7.83~8.56 (8.18)	0.046~0.050 (0.048)	0.006 2~0.007 2 (0.006 6)	0.17~0.19 (0.18)
	厚壳贻贝 Mytilus coruscus	0.21~0.23 (0.22)	0.59~0.64 (0.62)	6.56~7.01 (6.83)	0.68~0.73 (0.71)	0.77~0.81 (0.79)	0.004 3~0.004 4 (0.004 4)	0.18~0.19 (0.19)
	管角螺 Hemifusus tuba	0.070~0.076 (0.072)	7.93~8.55 (8.15)	20.68~22.31 (21.29)	21.51~23.15 (22.19)	0.076~0.082 (0.078)	0.016~0.018 (0.017)	0.067~0.074 (0.070)
鱼类 Fishes	棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus	0.076~2.900 (1.460)	0.21~0.26 (0.24)	4.13~4.86 (4.39)	1.00~1.92 (1.42)	0.004 8~0.023 0 (0.014 0)	0.011~0.021 (0.016)	0.058~0.140 (0.100)
	拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼 Odontamblyopus	0.072~0.094 (0.083)	0.35~0.69 (0.51)	3.35~6.80 (5.02)	0.71~1.12 (0.91)	0.008 0~0.029 0 (0.018 0)	0.007 4~0.013 0 (0.010 0)	0.11~0.21 (0.16)
	lacepedii
	凤鲚 Coilia mystus	0.081~0.140 (0.110)	0.20~0.39 (0.29)	4.57~6.65 (5.51)	1.17~1.64 (1.42)	0.006 1~0.012 0 (0.009 2)	0.015~0.016 (0.016)	0.049~0.090 (0.068)
	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus	0.082~0.083 (0.082)	0.14~0.15 (0.15)	2.82~2.91 (2.88)	0.47~0.49 (0.48)	0.013~0.014 (0.014)	0.004 1~0.004 7 (0.004 4)	0.21~0.22 (0.22)
	鳓 Ilisha elongata	0.077~0.078 (0.078)	0.22~0.22 (0.22)	5.19~5.23 (5.21)	0.71~0.72 (0.71)	0.009 4~0.010 0 (0.010 0)	0.026~0.027 (0.027)	0.085~0.087 (0.086)
甲壳类 Crustaceans	三疣梭子蟹 Portunus	0.093~0.110 (0.098)	15.95~17.67 (16.53)	30.44~33.59 (31.55)	8.08~8.96 (8.38)	0.69~0.76 (0.71)	0.041~0.045 (0.043)	0.15~0.18 (0.16)
	trituberculatus
	脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon	0.091~0.11 (0.10)	8.82~10.19 (9.48)	16.06~18.37 (17.13)	5.93~6.78 (6.33)	0.084~0.096 (0.090)	0.007 9~0.009 2 (0.008 5)	0.16~0.19 (0.18)
	carinicauda

类别 Category	物种 Species	Cr含量 Cr content	Cu含量 Cu content	Zn含量 Zn content	As含量 As content	Cd含量 Cd content	Hg含量 Hg content	Pb含量 Pb content
软体动物 Molluscs	曼氏无针乌贼 Sepiella maindroni	0.12~0.12 (0.12)	2.42~2.45 (2.44)	15.46~15.55 (15.49)	7.70~7.74 (7.72)	0.049~0.050 (0.050)	0.015~0.018 (0.016)	0.16~0.17 (0.16)
	de Rochebrune
	长蛸 Octopus minor	0.10~0.12 (0.11)	9.08~9.95 (9.51)	17.38~18.97 (18.14)	7.83~8.56 (8.18)	0.046~0.050 (0.048)	0.006 2~0.007 2 (0.006 6)	0.17~0.19 (0.18)
	厚壳贻贝 Mytilus coruscus	0.21~0.23 (0.22)	0.59~0.64 (0.62)	6.56~7.01 (6.83)	0.68~0.73 (0.71)	0.77~0.81 (0.79)	0.004 3~0.004 4 (0.004 4)	0.18~0.19 (0.19)
	管角螺 Hemifusus tuba	0.070~0.076 (0.072)	7.93~8.55 (8.15)	20.68~22.31 (21.29)	21.51~23.15 (22.19)	0.076~0.082 (0.078)	0.016~0.018 (0.017)	0.067~0.074 (0.070)
鱼类 Fishes	棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus	0.076~2.900 (1.460)	0.21~0.26 (0.24)	4.13~4.86 (4.39)	1.00~1.92 (1.42)	0.004 8~0.023 0 (0.014 0)	0.011~0.021 (0.016)	0.058~0.140 (0.100)
	拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼 Odontamblyopus	0.072~0.094 (0.083)	0.35~0.69 (0.51)	3.35~6.80 (5.02)	0.71~1.12 (0.91)	0.008 0~0.029 0 (0.018 0)	0.007 4~0.013 0 (0.010 0)	0.11~0.21 (0.16)
	lacepedii
	凤鲚 Coilia mystus	0.081~0.140 (0.110)	0.20~0.39 (0.29)	4.57~6.65 (5.51)	1.17~1.64 (1.42)	0.006 1~0.012 0 (0.009 2)	0.015~0.016 (0.016)	0.049~0.090 (0.068)
	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus	0.082~0.083 (0.082)	0.14~0.15 (0.15)	2.82~2.91 (2.88)	0.47~0.49 (0.48)	0.013~0.014 (0.014)	0.004 1~0.004 7 (0.004 4)	0.21~0.22 (0.22)
	鳓 Ilisha elongata	0.077~0.078 (0.078)	0.22~0.22 (0.22)	5.19~5.23 (5.21)	0.71~0.72 (0.71)	0.009 4~0.010 0 (0.010 0)	0.026~0.027 (0.027)	0.085~0.087 (0.086)
甲壳类 Crustaceans	三疣梭子蟹 Portunus	0.093~0.110 (0.098)	15.95~17.67 (16.53)	30.44~33.59 (31.55)	8.08~8.96 (8.38)	0.69~0.76 (0.71)	0.041~0.045 (0.043)	0.15~0.18 (0.16)
	trituberculatus
	脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon	0.091~0.11 (0.10)	8.82~10.19 (9.48)	16.06~18.37 (17.13)	5.93~6.78 (6.33)	0.084~0.096 (0.090)	0.007 9~0.009 2 (0.008 5)	0.16~0.19 (0.18)
	carinicauda

物种 Species	各形态砷的平均含量Mean contents of As in various species
物种 Species	AsC	AsB	AsⅢ	AsⅤ	DMA	MMA
曼氏无针乌贼 Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune	ND	10.74 (100%)	ND	ND	ND	ND
长蛸 Octopus minor	ND	8.41 (100%)	ND	ND	ND	ND
厚壳贻贝 Mytilus coruscus	0.006 9 (1.40%)	0.41 (83.01%)	ND	0.061 (12.35%)	0.016 (3.24%)	ND
管角螺 Hemifusus tuba	ND	19.02 (100%)	ND	ND	ND	ND
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidus	0.012 (0.88%)	1.29 (94.57%)	0.017 (1.25%)	0.045 (3.30%)	ND	ND
拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼 Odontamblyopus lacepedii	0.017 (1.77%)	0.89 (92.62%)	0.007 9 (0.82%)	0.046 (4.79%)	ND	ND
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	0.012 (0.79%)	1.43 (94.48%)	ND	0.065 (4.29%)	0.006 6 (0.44%)	ND
龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus	0.027 (6.40%)	0.37 (87.64%)	ND	0.012 (2.84%)	0.007 1 (1.68%)	0.006 1 (1.44%)
鳓 Ilisha elongata	0.021 (2.94%)	0.64 (89.57%)	ND	0.040 (5.60%)	0.007 2 (1.01%)	0.006 3 (0.88%)
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus	ND	8.15 (99.79%)	ND	0.017 (0.21%)	ND	ND
脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda	0.26 (3.46%)	7.26 (96.54%)	ND	ND	ND	ND

温州海域水产品的重金属分布特征与健康风险评价

Characteristics of heavy metals distribution and health risk evaluation of marine products in the sea areas of Wenzhou, China

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物种 Species	重金属元素的单因子污染指数Single factor pollution index of heavy metals (P_i)							P
物种 Species	Cr	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Hg	Pb	P
曼氏无针乌贼Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune	0.06	0.05	0.39	0	0.03	0.03	0.16	0
长蛸Octopus minor	0.06	0.19	0.45	0	0.02	0.01	0.18	0
厚壳贻贝Mytilus coruscus	0.11	0.01	0.17	0.12	0.40	0.01	0.13	0.23
管角螺Hemifusus tuba	0.04	0.16	0.53	0	0.04	0.04	0.07	0
棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus	0 . 73	0.01	0.11	0 . 62	0.14	0.02	0.20	0.15
拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼Odontamblyopus lacepedii	0.04	0.01	0.13	0.54	0.18	0.01	0.32	0.12
凤鲚Coilia mystus	0.05	0.01	0.14	0 . 65	0.10	0.02	0.14	0.11
龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus	0.04	0.01	0.07	0.12	0.14	0.01	0.43	0.07
鳓Ilisha elongata	0.04	0.01	0.13	0.40	0.10	0.03	0.17	0.10
三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus	0.05	0.33	0 . 79	0.03	0.24	0.09	0.32	0.46
脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda	0.05	0.19	0.43	0	0.18	0.02	0.35	0

物种 Species	重金属元素的目标危险系数(THQ) Target hazard quotient of heavy metals (THQ)							危害指数(HI) Hazard index (HI)
物种 Species	Cr	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Hg	Pb	危害指数(HI) Hazard index (HI)
曼氏无针乌贼Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune	<0.001	0.029	0.025	0.000	0.024	0.015	0.022	0.115
长蛸Octopus minor	<0.001	0.110	0.029	0.000	0.023	0.006	0.024	0.192
厚壳贻贝Mytilus coruscus	<0.001	0.007	0.011	0.097	0.380	0.004	0.026	0.526
管角螺Hemifusus tuba	<0.001	0.098	0.034	0.000	0.037	0.017	0.010	0.196
棘头梅童鱼Collichthys lucidus	<0.001	0.003	0.007	0.099	0.007	0.016	0.014	0.146
拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼Odontamblyopus lacepedii	<0.001	0.006	0.008	0.085	0.009	0.010	0.022	0.140
凤鲚Coilia mystus	<0.001	0.004	0.009	0.100	0.004	0.015	0.009	0.141
龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus	<0.001	0.002	0.005	0.019	0.007	0.004	0.029	0.065
鳓Ilisha elongata	<0.001	0.003	0.008	0.064	0.005	0.026	0.012	0.118
三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus	<0.001	0.200	0.050	0.027	0.340	0.041	0.022	0.680
脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda	<0.001	0.110	0.027	0.000	0.043	0.008	0.024	0.212

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