化肥减量配施生物质炭对高沙土氮磷淋失及土壤性质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240755

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1943-1950.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240755

化肥减量配施生物质炭对高沙土氮磷淋失及土壤性质的影响

韦庆翠¹(), 姜娜英¹, 沈骏扬¹, 张焕朝², 张衡锋¹^,^*()

¹ 江苏农牧科技职业学院园林园艺学院, 江苏泰州 225300
² 南京林业大学林草学院, 江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2024-08-22 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:*张衡锋,E-mail:584189434@qq.com
韦庆翠(1978—),女,江苏赣榆人,硕士,副教授,主要从事土壤氮磷循环及其环境效应研究。E-mail:36675564@qq.com
通讯作者: 张衡锋
基金资助:
泰州市科技支撑计划社会发展(指导性)项目(泰科计〔2023〕15号);江苏农牧科技职业学院校级科研项目(NSF2022ZR17);江苏农牧科技职业学院科技创新团队(NSF2023TC04);江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人培养(苏教师函〔2024〕2号)

Effects of reduced chemical fertilization and biochar application on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and soil properties of sandy soil

WEI Qingcui¹(), JIANG Naying¹, SHEN Junyang¹, ZHANG Huanchao², ZHANG Hengfeng¹^,^*()

¹ College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
² College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2024-08-22 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: ZHANG Hengfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究化肥减量和配施玉米秸秆生物质炭在抑制高沙土氮、磷淋失和改良土壤理化性质上的作用,开展土柱淋溶试验,设置常规施肥(化肥施用量105 kg·hm^-2,CK)、化肥减量30%(化肥施用量73.5 kg·hm^-2,JL)、化肥减量30%+10 t·hm^-2生物质炭(BC10)、化肥减量30%+20 t·hm^-2生物质炭(BC20)、化肥减量30%+30 t·hm^-2生物质炭(BC30)这5个处理。结果表明:相较于CK,其他处理的铵态氮(${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N)累积淋失量显著(p<0.05)减少了15.96%~58.65%,硝态氮(${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N)累积淋失量显著减少了22.28%~56.13%,JL和BC10的磷酸盐(${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P)累积淋失量显著减少了15.49%~16.90%,但BC20和BC30处理的${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P累积淋失量显著增加了18.31%~29.58%。处理16周后,与CK相比,BC10、BC20、BC30处理的土壤总孔隙度显著增加8.35%~26.96%,${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N、可溶性有机氮和有效磷的质量分数分别显著增加8.46%~46.36%、40.10%~105.56%、8.06%~71.50%,BC20和BC30处理的土壤pH值分别显著增加了11.06%和15.54%,BC30处理的土壤持水能力显著增加22.24%。综上,化肥减量配施玉米秸秆生物质炭能显著减少高沙土中N的淋失,但施入过量生物质炭会增加土壤${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P的淋失风险,在常规化肥施用量的基础上减量30%并配施10 t·hm^-2的生物质炭是该试验条件下比较合适的施肥方案。

关键词: 化肥减量, 生物质炭, 氮磷淋失, 土壤性质

Abstract:

In order to explore the inhibitory effect of reduced chemical fertilization and application of corn straw biochar on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in sandy soil and soil quality improvement, a soil column leaching experiments was conducted with 5 treatments: CK, conventional fertilization ( usage of 105 kg·hm^-2 chemical fertilizer); JL, chemical fertilization reduction rate of 30% (usage of 73.5 kg·hm^-2); BC10, chemical fertilization reduction rate of 30% + 10 t·hm^-2 biochar; BC20, chemical fertilization reduction rate of 30% + 20 t·hm^-2 biochar; BC30, chemical fertilization reduction rate of 30% + 30 t·hm^-2 biochar. It was shown that, compared with the CK, the other treatments significantly (p<0.05) reduced the accumulative leaching amount of ammonium nitrogen (${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N) and nitrate nitrogen (${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N) by 15.96%-58.65% and 22.28%-56.13%, respectively; JL and B10 treatments significantly lowered the acuumulative leaching amount of ${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P by 15.49%-16.90%, yet BC20 and BC30 treatments significantly increased the acuumulative leaching amount of ${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P by 18.31%-29.58%. After 16 weeks, the total porosity of BC10, BC20, BC30 treatments was significantly increased by 8.35%-26.96% than that of CK, and the mass fraction of ${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N, dissolved organic nitrogen and available phosphorus was significantly increased by 8.46%-46.36%, 40.10%-105.56% and 8.06%-71.50%, respectively, under these treatments. Besides, BC20 and BC30 treatments increased soil pH value by 11.06% and 15.54% than that of CK, and BC30 treatment enhanced the water holding capacity of soil by 22.24%. In general, application of reduced chemical fertilization combined with corn straw biochar could significantly reduce nitrogen leaching in sandy soil. However, the use of high levels of biochar might increase the risk of ${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P leaching. Under this experiment condition, application of chemical fertilizer with a reduciton rate of 30% based on the conventional usage and 10 t·hm^-2 biochar was appropriate.

Key words: reduced chemical fertilization, biochar, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, soil property

中图分类号:

S156

韦庆翠, 姜娜英, 沈骏扬, 张焕朝, 张衡锋. 化肥减量配施生物质炭对高沙土氮磷淋失及土壤性质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1943-1950.

WEI Qingcui, JIANG Naying, SHEN Junyang, ZHANG Huanchao, ZHANG Hengfeng. Effects of reduced chemical fertilization and biochar application on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and soil properties of sandy soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1943-1950.

图/表 4

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处理 Treatment	${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N	${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N	${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P
CK	4.45±0.20 a	47.21±2.06 a	0.71±0.03 c
JL	3.74±0.17 b	36.69±1.58 b	0.60±0.02 d
BC10	2.43±0.11 c	25.58±1.02 c	0.59±0.02 d
BC20	2.09±0.08 d	23.17±1.06 cd	0.84±0.03 b
BC30	1.84±0.08 d	20.71±0.94 d	0.92±0.04 a

处理 Treatment	${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${NH}_{4}^{+}$-N	${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${NO}_{3}^{-}$-N	${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P累积淋失量 Accumulative leaching amount of ${PO}_{4}^{3-}$-P
CK	4.45±0.20 a	47.21±2.06 a	0.71±0.03 c
JL	3.74±0.17 b	36.69±1.58 b	0.60±0.02 d
BC10	2.43±0.11 c	25.58±1.02 c	0.59±0.02 d
BC20	2.09±0.08 d	23.17±1.06 cd	0.84±0.03 b
BC30	1.84±0.08 d	20.71±0.94 d	0.92±0.04 a

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	WHC/%	Poro/%	OM/%	TN/(g· kg^-1)	DON/(mg· kg^-1)	AN/(mg· kg^-1)	NN/(mg· kg^-1)	AP/(mg· kg^-1)
CK	6.24± 0.21 c	42.63± 2.05 bc	43.58± 1.98 c	2.64± 0.10 bc	2.21± 0.11 c	5.76± 0.24 d	14.86± 0.54 a	23.64± 0.80 d	8.56± 0.12 c
JL	6.40± 0.23 bc	41.55± 2.34 c	44.89± 2.34 bc	2.50± 0.06 c	2.07± 0.07 d	5.89± 0.17 d	14.25± 0.66 b	21.80± 0.76 e	8.14± 0.24 d
BC10	6.76± 0.13 abc	44.34± 1.88 ab	47.22± 2.61 ab	2.75± 0.11 ab	2.36± 0.06 bc	8.07± 0.33 c	11.81± 0.26 b	25.64± 0.62 c	9.25± 0.31 b
BC20	6.93± 0.27 ab	48.65± 2.54 ab	50.05± 1.74 ab	2.87± 0.09 ab	2.54± 0.07 ab	10.21± 0.47 b	10.54± 0.33 c	30.87± 0.34 b	11.04± 0.20 ab
BC30	7.21± 0.31 a	52.11± 1.76 a	55.33± 2.78 a	3.11± 0.14 a	2.97± 0.10 a	11.84.± 0.37 a	8.87± 0.49 c	34.60± 0.64 a	14.68± 0.36 a

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	WHC/%	Poro/%	OM/%	TN/(g· kg^-1)	DON/(mg· kg^-1)	AN/(mg· kg^-1)	NN/(mg· kg^-1)	AP/(mg· kg^-1)
CK	6.24± 0.21 c	42.63± 2.05 bc	43.58± 1.98 c	2.64± 0.10 bc	2.21± 0.11 c	5.76± 0.24 d	14.86± 0.54 a	23.64± 0.80 d	8.56± 0.12 c
JL	6.40± 0.23 bc	41.55± 2.34 c	44.89± 2.34 bc	2.50± 0.06 c	2.07± 0.07 d	5.89± 0.17 d	14.25± 0.66 b	21.80± 0.76 e	8.14± 0.24 d
BC10	6.76± 0.13 abc	44.34± 1.88 ab	47.22± 2.61 ab	2.75± 0.11 ab	2.36± 0.06 bc	8.07± 0.33 c	11.81± 0.26 b	25.64± 0.62 c	9.25± 0.31 b
BC20	6.93± 0.27 ab	48.65± 2.54 ab	50.05± 1.74 ab	2.87± 0.09 ab	2.54± 0.07 ab	10.21± 0.47 b	10.54± 0.33 c	30.87± 0.34 b	11.04± 0.20 ab
BC30	7.21± 0.31 a	52.11± 1.76 a	55.33± 2.78 a	3.11± 0.14 a	2.97± 0.10 a	11.84.± 0.37 a	8.87± 0.49 c	34.60± 0.64 a	14.68± 0.36 a

化肥减量配施生物质炭对高沙土氮磷淋失及土壤性质的影响

Effects of reduced chemical fertilization and biochar application on nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and soil properties of sandy soil

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