遵义烟区化肥减量配施有机肥对贵烟5号生长和养分吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250354

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 450-459.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250354

遵义烟区化肥减量配施有机肥对贵烟5号生长和养分吸收利用的影响

金慧¹(), 霍沁建², 史跃伟², 龙明锦², 杨明华¹, 杨敏敏¹, 甘松梅¹, 廉云¹, 刘金亮¹^,^*(), 任学良²^,^*()

^1. 贵州大学烟草学院, 贵州省烟草提质增效全省重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550025
^2. 贵州省烟草科学研究院烟草行业烟草分子遗传重点实验室, 贵州贵阳 550081

收稿日期:2025-05-02 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-17
作者简介:任学良,E-mail: renxuel@126.com
^*刘金亮,E-mail: liujinliang0827@163.com;
金慧,研究方向为烟草优质、高产栽培理论与技术。E-mail: 2661724663@qq.com
通讯作者: 刘金亮,任学良
基金资助:
贵州省烟草公司科技项目(2023XM32);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台ZSYS〔2025〕028)

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application on the growth, nutrient uptake and utilization of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Guiyan5 in Zunyi tobacco area of China

JIN Hui¹(), HUO Qinjian², SHI Yuewei², LONG Mingjin², YANG Minghua¹, YANG Minmin¹, GAN Songmei¹, LIAN Yun¹, LIU Jinliang¹^,^*(), REN Xueliang²^,^*()

^1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Improvement and Efficiency Enhancement, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
^2. Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China

Received:2025-05-02 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-17
Contact: LIU Jinliang,REN Xueliang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探寻化肥减量配施有机肥对烤烟生长和养分吸收利用的影响,以烤烟新品种贵烟5号为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计进行田间试验,设置3个化肥施用水平(A1,常规施肥;A2,减量20%;A3,减量40%)和2个有机肥配施水平(B1,750 kg·hm^-2;B2,2 250 kg·hm^-2),分析不同处理下烤烟生长、干物质积累与分配、养分吸收积累与分配等的变化。结果表明,化肥减量配施有机肥对打顶期贵烟5号的自然株高、自然叶数、打顶株高、留叶数、茎围、节距、最大叶长和最大叶宽等农艺性状并无显著影响。各处理相比,A2B2处理打顶期的根、茎,及整株干物质积累量,根的氮、磷积累量,茎的磷、钾积累量均显著(p<0.05)高于A3B1处理。在相同有机肥配施水平下,A3处理的氮、磷、钾肥农学利用率显著高于A1处理。综合来看,贵烟5号在生产中推荐在常规施肥基础上化肥减量20%并配施2 250 kg·hm^-2有机肥的方案,可在减少化肥施用量的同时,提高烟株对养分的吸收利用率。

关键词: 烤烟, 化肥减量, 配施有机肥, 养分吸收利用, 贵烟5号

Abstract:

To explore the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application on the growth, nutrient uptake and utilization of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted using a two-factor randomized complete block design with a new flue-cured tobacco cultivar, Guiyan5, as the test material. Three chemical fertilizer application levels were set: A1 (conventional fertilization), A2 (reduction rate of 20%), and A3 (reduction rate of 40%), along with two organic fertilizer application levels: B1 (750 kg·hm^-2) and B2 (2 250 kg·hm^-2). Changes in growth, dry matter accumulation and partition, as well as nutrient uptake, accumulation and partition of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application had no significant effects on the agronomic traits of Guiyan5 at the topping stage, including natural plant height, natural leaf number, topped plant height, retained leaf number, stem circumference, internode length, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width. Among all treatments, the dry matter accumulation of root, stem, and the whole plant, the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in root, and the phosphorus and potassium accumulation in stem under the A2B2 treatment at the topping stage were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those under the A3B1 treatment. At the same organic fertilizer application level, the agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the A3 treatment were significantly higher than those in the A1 treatment. Overall, the recommended fertilization scheme for Guiyan5 in production is a 20% reduction in chemical fertilizers based on conventional fertilization combined with 2 250 kg·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer. This scheme can reduce chemical fertilizer input while improving the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency of tobacco plants.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, chemical fertilizer reduction, combined application of organic fertilizer, nutrient uptake and utilization, Guiyan5

中图分类号:

金慧, 霍沁建, 史跃伟, 龙明锦, 杨明华, 杨敏敏, 甘松梅, 廉云, 刘金亮, 任学良. 遵义烟区化肥减量配施有机肥对贵烟5号生长和养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(3): 450-459.

JIN Hui, HUO Qinjian, SHI Yuewei, LONG Mingjin, YANG Minghua, YANG Minmin, GAN Songmei, LIAN Yun, LIU Jinliang, REN Xueliang. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application on the growth, nutrient uptake and utilization of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Guiyan5 in Zunyi tobacco area of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 450-459.

图/表 10

表1 各处理的农艺性状

Table 1 Agronomic traits of treatments

处理 Treatment	自然株高/cm Natural plant height/cm	自然叶数 Natural leaf number	打顶株高/cm Topped plant height/cm	留叶数 Retained leaf number	茎围/cm Stem circum- ference/cm	节距/cm Internode length/cm	最大叶长/cm Maximum leaf length/cm	最大叶宽/cm Maximum leaf width/cm
A1B1	147.89±0.88 a	26.11±0.51 a	118.81±3.40 a	19.67±0.88 a	10.11±0.37 a	7.26±0.19 a	66.30±3.52 a	35.93±3.02 a
A2B1	142.00±3.09 a	26.00±1.15 a	119.56±1.42 a	19.78±0.19 a	10.71±0.39 a	6.86±0.22 a	67.03±0.76 a	35.28±1.84 a
A3B1	152.66±13.25 a	26.22±1.07 a	123.54±5.94 a	19.33±0.88 a	10.47±0.26 a	7.53±0.39 a	69.96±2.82 a	35.71±1.31 a
A1B2	146.88±4.22 a	25.89±0.19 a	122.53±5.08 a	20.44±0.69 a	10.57±0.33 a	7.12±0.74 a	68.31±3.85 a	35.94±0.83 a
A2B2	146.31±0.95 a	26.00±1.20 a	119.88±3.31 a	19.56±1.50 a	10.38±0.65 a	7.48±0.39 a	66.19±4.76 a	33.83±2.82 a
A3B2	148.38±5.71 a	26.00±0.32 a	123.69±6.38 a	19.78±1.02 a	10.18±0.05 a	7.01±0.23 a	67.12±1.56 a	34.13±0.94 a

图1 团棵期各处理的根、茎、叶干物质积累量及其分配系数同系列柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Dry matter accumulation and partition coefficient of root, stem and leaf under treatments at rosette stage Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments in the same series. The same as below.

图2 打顶期各处理的根、茎、叶干物质积累量及其分配系数

Fig.2 Dry matter accumulation and partition coefficient of root, stem and leaf under treatments at topping stage

图3 不同生育时期各处理的整株(单株)氮积累量

Fig.3 Nitrogen accumulation in whole plant (single plant) at different growth stages under treatments

图4 不同生育时期各处理的氮分配特征

Fig.4 Nitrogen partition characteristics at different growth stages under treatments

图5 不同生育时期各处理的整株(单株)磷积累量

Fig.5 Phosphorus accumulation in whole plant (single plant) at different growth stages under treatments

图6 不同生育时期各处理的磷分配特征

Fig.6 Phosphorus partition characteristics at different growth stages under treatments

图7 不同生育时期各处理的整株(单株)钾积累量

Fig.7 Potassium accumulation in whole plant (single plant) at different growth stages undertreatments

图8 不同生育时期各处理的钾分配特征

Fig.8 Potassium partition characteristics at different growth stages under treatments

表2 各处理的肥料农学利用率(AE)和烟叶生产效率(LPE)

Table 2 Fertilizer agronomic efficiency (AE) and tobacco leaf production efficiency (LPE)

处理 Treatment	AE/%			LPE/(g·g^-1)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
A1B1	27.05±2.08 cd	28.17±2.17 bc	11.74±0.90 bc	19.48±1.48 a	218.36±11.30 a	24.16±3.30 a
A2B1	30.95±1.47 bc	32.54±1.55 bc	13.56±0.65 bc	18.98±0.45 a	218.93±8.42 a	26.46±0.92 a
A3B1	37.13±1.79 a	39.64±1.91 a	16.52±0.80 a	19.17±0.56 a	221.43±7.84 a	24.71±0.93 a
A1B2	23.18±2.29 d	25.87±2.55 c	10.78±1.06 c	18.72±0.59 a	211.53±1.89 a	24.93±2.28 a
A2B2	30.46±4.88 bc	34.76±5.56 ab	14.49±2.32 ab	18.81±0.33 a	209.46±9.46 a	25.12±2.73 a
A3B2	34.19±4.57 ab	40.36±5.39 a	16.83±2.25 a	18.75±0.65 a	218.43±9.04 a	27.23±1.98 a

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遵义烟区化肥减量配施有机肥对贵烟5号生长和养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application on the growth, nutrient uptake and utilization of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Guiyan5 in Zunyi tobacco area of China

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