不同地面覆盖方式对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度与番茄生长的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250110

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 643-654.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250110

不同地面覆盖方式对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度与番茄生长的影响

孙勤¹(), 雷永忠¹, 金宁¹, 金莉², 王舒亚², 张倩¹, 张威¹, 赵旺¹, 郁继华¹^,², 吕剑¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 甘肃农业大学园艺学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
² 干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-08
作者简介:*吕剑,E-mail:lvjian@gsau.edu.cn
孙勤,研究方向为蔬菜逆境生理与环境调控。E-mail:2751187361@qq.com
通讯作者: 吕剑
基金资助:
甘肃省重点研发计划(24YFNA018);甘肃省陇原青年英才(LYYC-2023-02);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA009);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才项目(GAUfx-04Y03);中央引导地方科技发展专项(23ZYQA0322)

Effects of different ground mulching methods on carbon dioxide concentration in solar greenhouses and tomato growth

SUN Qin¹(), LEI Yongzhong¹, JIN Ning¹, JIN Li², WANG Shuya², ZHANG Qian¹, ZHANG Wei¹, ZHAO Wang¹, YU Jihua¹^,², LYU Jian¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
² State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2025-02-13 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-08
Contact: LYU Jian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国西北地区日光温室秋冬季通风不便造成的CO₂缺乏等问题,以金涛19番茄品种为试材,在日光温室中设置CK1(无覆盖)、CK2(垄上地膜覆盖)、T1(垄上地膜覆盖+垄间秸秆覆盖)、T2(垄上秸秆覆盖)和T3(秸秆全覆盖)5个处理,分析番茄生长发育和温室内的CO₂浓度与分布,探索适宜的地面覆盖方式。结果显示,与CK1处理相比:T1处理近地面、冠层和冠层上部的CO₂浓度在13:00、21:00、01:00和05:00均显著(p<0.05)提高;番茄叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著提高;叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度显著提高,增幅分别为53.12%、10.34%和53.64%;株高、茎粗和叶片数显著增加;根系活力显著提高5.10%;根体积显著增加70.34%;总干重显著增加14.71%;茎、叶中氮、磷、钾和根中磷、钾含量亦显著增加。综上,垄上地膜覆盖+垄间秸秆覆盖可以通过提高温室内的CO₂浓度、增强植株光合作用进而促进番茄生长和干物质积累。

关键词: 番茄, 日光温室, 地面覆盖, 光合作用, 干物质积累, CO₂浓度

Abstract:

To address the issues including CO₂ deficiency induced by poor ventilation in solar greenhouses during autumn and winter in northwest China, the tomato cultivar Jintao 19 was used as the test material. Five treatments were established in the solar greenhouse: CK1 (bare soil without mulching), CK2 (plastic film mulching on ridges), T1 (plastic film mulching on ridges + straw mulching in furrows), T2 (straw mulching on ridges), and T3 (full straw mulching). The growth and development of tomato plants, as well as the CO₂ concentration and distribution in the greenhouse, were determined to screen the optimal ground mulching regime. The results showed that compared with CK1, the CO₂ concentrations at the near-ground layer, canopy layer, and upper canopy layer under T1 were significantly (p<0.05) increased at 13:00, 21:00, 01:00 and 05:00. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly elevated, the plant height, stem thickness and leaf number were significantly enhanced, and the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in stem and leaf, as well as P and K contents in root, were also significantly increased under T1 treatment than those under the CK1 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, root activity and root volume were significantly increased by 53.12%, 10.34%, 53.64%, 5.10%, 70.34%, respectively, under T1 treatment than those under the CK1 treatment. In conclusion, plastic film mulching on ridges combined with straw mulching in furrows can promote tomato growth and dry matter accumulation by elevating CO₂ concentration in the greenhouse and enhancing plant photosynthesis.

Key words: tomato, solar greenhouse, ground mulching, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, CO₂ concentration

中图分类号:

S642.2

孙勤, 雷永忠, 金宁, 金莉, 王舒亚, 张倩, 张威, 赵旺, 郁继华, 吕剑. 不同地面覆盖方式对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度与番茄生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(4): 643-654.

SUN Qin, LEI Yongzhong, JIN Ning, JIN Li, WANG Shuya, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Wang, YU Jihua, LYU Jian. Effects of different ground mulching methods on carbon dioxide concentration in solar greenhouses and tomato growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(4): 643-654.

图/表 8

图1 不同处理对温室内番茄垂直方向CO2浓度分布的影响 A、B、C分别展示近地面、冠层、冠层上部的结果。同一时刻,柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on vertical CO2 concentration distribution of tomato in greenhouse A, B and C represent the results at the near-ground level, canopy level, and upper canopy level, respectively. For the same time, bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05.

表1 不同处理下温室内番茄植株垂直方向CO2浓度的日最大值、最小值与平均值

Table 1 Daily maximum, minimum and average values of CO2 concentration in vertical direction of tomato in greenhouse under different treatments Unit: mg·m-3

位置 Location	处理 Treatment	日最大值 Daily maximum value	日最小值 Daily minimum value	日平均值 Daily average value
近地面	CK1	1 073.33±3.33 a	390.00±0.01 c	733.33±2.00 d
Near-ground	CK2	1 020.00±0.01 b	356.67±3.33 d	745.56±1.33 c
	T1	1 013.33±6.67 b	393.33±3.33 bc	760.00±3.33 b
	T2	990.00±0.01 c	433.33±16.67 a	767.22±5.33 b
	T3	990.00±0.01 c	416.67±3.33 ab	781.67±2.67 a
冠层	CK1	1 060.00±0.01 a	280.00±0.01 d	696.11±1.33 c
Canopy	CK2	1 020.00±3.33 b	310.00±0.01 b	724.44±0.67 a
	T1	990.00±0.01 c	333.33±3.33 a	731.67±1.33 a
	T2	970.00±0.01 d	310.00±0.01 b	718.33±0.67 b
	T3	960.00±0.01 e	300.00±0.01 c	725.00±0.67 a
冠层上部	CK1	1 063.33±3.33 a	280.00±0.01 c	702.78±0.67 c
Upper canopy	CK2	1 040.00±0.01 a	300.00±0.01 b	735.00±0.67 a
	T1	1 000.00±0.01 b	310.00±0.01 a	732.78±0.67 a
	T2	983.33±3.33 c	300.00±0.01 b	720.00±2.00 b
	T3	986.67±3.33 c	296.67±3.33 b	737.78±1.33 a

图2 不同处理对番茄叶片光合色素含量的影响柱上无相同字母的表示不同处理的同一光合色素含量差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic pigment content of tomato leaves Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments in the same photosynthetic pigment content.

图3 不同处理对番茄叶片光合参数的影响柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。图5同。

Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic parameters of tomato leaves Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference. The same as Fig. 5.

图4 不同处理对番茄地上部生长指标的影响柱上无相同字母的表示同一时间不同处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。

Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on growth indexes of aboveground part of tomato Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments on the same day.

图5 不同处理对番茄根系活力和根体积的影响

Fig.5 Effects of different treatments on root activity and root volume of tomato

表2 不同处理对番茄单株干重的影响

Table 2 Effect of different treatments on dry weight of tomato per plant Unit: g

处理 Treatment	茎干重 Stem dry weight	叶干重 Leaf dry weight	根干重 Root dry weight	总干重 Total dry weight
CK1	40.70±0.40 b	69.40±0.56 b	10.34±0.38 c	120.44±0.69 bc
CK2	45.70±0.32 ab	73.07±1.28 b	11.93±0.10 ab	130.70±1.47 ab
T1	49.03±1.26 a	76.71±1.72 a	12.41±0.24 a	138.16±2.37 a
T2	41.43±0.44 b	64.38±0.87 b	11.02±0.68 b	116.83±0.62 c
T3	46.77±1.46 a	70.03±1.42 b	12.63±0.45 a	129.42±1.23 b

表3 不同处理对番茄不同器官氮、磷、钾含量的影响

Table 3 Effect of different treatments on N, P, K content in different organs of tomato Unit: g·kg-1

器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	N含量 N content	P含量 P content	K含量 K content
根Root	CK1	47.00±0.04 b	6.020±0.100 b	43.733±1.474 d
	CK2	45.34±0.02 d	4.270±0.101 d	50.800±1.929 bc
	T1	47.13±0.08 b	7.410±0.262 a	54.200±0.693 a
	T2	54.80±0.01 a	5.383±0.055 c	48.867±0.577 c
	T3	46.46±0.27 c	3.340±0.053 e	51.867±0.702 b
茎Stem	CK1	33.06±0.88 e	4.070±0.036 e	56.200±1.064 d
	CK2	41.13±0.33 d	5.293±0.186 d	70.650±1.580 bc
	T1	54.54±0.56 a	8.037±0.235 a	79.400±1.418 a
	T2	43.75±0.67 c	6.300±0.085 c	68.750±0.377 c
	T3	45.98±0.29 b	6.597±0.032 b	71.950±0.173 b
叶Leaf	CK1	46.58±0.54 d	5.590±0.173 b	31.733±0.702 c
	CK2	47.98±0.34 c	6.327±0.099 a	38.400±3.365 b
	T1	51.27±0.35 b	6.440±0.085 a	48.933±1.528 a
	T2	48.38±0.34 c	6.257±0.096 a	37.667±0.503 b
	T3	55.57±0.34 a	6.390±0.090 a	47.733±5.085 a

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不同地面覆盖方式对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度与番茄生长的影响

Effects of different ground mulching methods on carbon dioxide concentration in solar greenhouses and tomato growth

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