植物工厂光周期对青菜生长、品质与光合参数的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250320

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 655-668.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250320

植物工厂光周期对青菜生长、品质与光合参数的影响

张东鹤¹^,²(), 崔佳维¹, 苗辰¹, 李晓锋¹, 占绣萍², 王齐旭², 李建勇²^,^*(), 丁小涛¹^,^*()

¹ 上海市农业科学院上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403
² 上海市农业技术推广服务中心, 上海 201103

收稿日期:2025-04-22 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-08
作者简介:*李建勇,E-mail:48685988@qq.com;丁小涛,E-mail:dingxiaotao@saas.sh.cn
张东鹤,主要从事蔬菜“四新”技术等研究。E-mail:18801283880@163.com
通讯作者: 李建勇,丁小涛
基金资助:
上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室(KF202404)

Effects of different photoperiods on growth, quality, and photosynthetic parameters of pakchoi in plant factory

ZHANG Donghe¹^,²(), CUI Jiawei¹, MIAO Chen¹, LI Xiaofeng¹, ZHAN Xiuping², WANG Qixu², LI Jianyong²^,^*(), DING Xiaotao¹^,^*()

¹ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201605, China
² Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China

Received:2025-04-22 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-08
Contact: LI Jianyong,DING Xiaotao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究人工光植物工厂光周期对青菜生长与品质的影响,本研究选取4个青菜品种为材料,设置4个光周期处理:T1,10 h光照/14 h黑暗(10 L∶14 D);T2,13 h光照/11 h黑暗(13 L∶11 D);T3,16 h光照/8 h黑暗(16 L∶8 D);T4,19 h光照/5 h黑暗(19 L∶5 D)。测定各处理条件下青菜的生物量、生长指标、品质指标与光合参数。结果表明:适度延长光照时间(16 L∶8 D)可提高青菜的光合效率并增加植株生物量。品种紫衣在19 L∶5 D处理下地上部鲜重最大,较13 L∶11 D处理提高15.48%;品种SH-2、新夏青9号和艳青在16 L∶8 D处理下地上部鲜重最大,较13 L∶11 D处理分别提高16.00%、16.96%和23.68%。适度延长光照时间同时提高了青菜的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和花青素含量,并降低了硝酸盐含量。然而,持续超长光周期(光照时间19 h·d^-1)会导致生长后期产量下降和外观品质降低,从而丧失商品性,这可能与超长光照时间引起部分青菜品种PSⅡ整体活性下降,进而发生光抑制有关。建议在人工光植物工厂的青菜生产中适当延长光照时间,苗期光照时间以16~19 h·d^-1为宜,生长后期应适当缩短至16 h·d^-1左右,以保证青菜产量和品质。

关键词: 青菜, 人工光植物工厂, 无土栽培, 光周期, 生物量, 鲜重

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of photoperiod on the growth and quality of pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino) in plant factories with artificial lighting, four varieties of pakchoi were selected as experimental materials. Four photoperiod treatments were applied: T1, 10 h light/14 h dark (10 L∶14 D); T2, 13 h light/11 h dark (13 L∶11 D); T3, 16 h light/8 h dark (16 L∶8 D); T4, 19 h light/5 h dark (19 L∶5 D). Biomass, growth indices, quality indices, and photosynthetic parameters were measured. The results showed that moderately extending the photoperiod (16 L∶8 D) could improve photosynthetic efficiency and increase plant biomass. The variety Ziyi exhibited the highest shoot fresh weight under the 19 L∶5 D treatment, which was 15.48% higher than that under 13 L∶11 D treatment. The varieties SH-2, Xinxiaqing No. 9, and Yanqing achieved the highest shoot fresh weight under the 16 L∶8 D treatment, with increases of 16.00%, 16.96%, and 23.68%, respectively, compared with 13 L∶11 D treatment. Moderately extended photoperiods also increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and anthocyanins while reducing nitrate content. However, excessively prolonged photoperiods (light duration 19 h·d^-1) led to yield decline and reduced appearance quality during later growth stages, thereby diminishing marketability. This might be attributed to reduced overall PSII activity in some pakchoi varieties under such conditions, consequently inducing photoinhibition. It is recommended to appropriately increase the light duration (16-19 h·d^-1) during the seedling stage and reduce it to approximately 16 h·d^-1 in later growth stages to ensure both yield and quality in pakchoi production within artificial light plant factory.

Key words: pakchoi, artificial light plant factory, soilless cultivation, photoperiod, biomass, fresh weight

中图分类号:

S634.3

张东鹤, 崔佳维, 苗辰, 李晓锋, 占绣萍, 王齐旭, 李建勇, 丁小涛. 植物工厂光周期对青菜生长、品质与光合参数的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(4): 655-668.

ZHANG Donghe, CUI Jiawei, MIAO Chen, LI Xiaofeng, ZHAN Xiuping, WANG Qixu, LI Jianyong, DING Xiaotao. Effects of different photoperiods on growth, quality, and photosynthetic parameters of pakchoi in plant factory[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(4): 655-668.

图/表 17

图1 立体栽培架

Fig.1 Vertical cultivation bed

表1 LED补光灯的光量子通量密度(PPFD)和光合光子通量(PPF)

Table 1 Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of LED supplemental light

光谱范围/nm Spectral range/nm	PPFD/(μmol· m^-2·s^-1)	PPF/(μmol· s^-1)
全波段Total(380~780)	221.60	848.016
紫外光Ultraviolet light (380~399)	0.13	0.048
蓝光Blue light (400~499)	67.90	224.760
绿光Green light (500~599)	28.40	94.068
红光Red light (600~699)	125.40	529.080
远红光Far-red light(700~780)	5.60	0.060

图2 所用LED灯的光谱图 UV,紫外光;B,蓝光;G,绿光;R,红光;FR,远红光。

Fig.2 Spectrum of the LED lamps used in this study UV, Ultraviolet light; B, Blue light; G, Green light; R, Red light; FR, Far-red light.

图3 不同光周期处理下青菜的地上部鲜重同一品种柱上无相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.3 Shoot fresh weight of pakchoi under different photoperiod treatments Bars marked without the same lowercase letters for the same variety indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments. The same as below.

图4 不同光周期处理下青菜地上部干重

Fig.4 Shoot dry weight of pakchoi under different photoperiod treatments

图5 不同光周期处理下青菜的干物质含量

Fig.5 Dry matter content of pakchoi under different photoperiod treatments

图6 不同光周期处理下青菜(生长中期)的长势

Fig.6 Growth of pakchoi under different photoperiod treatments (mid-growth stage)

图7 不同光周期处理下青菜(采收期)的长势

Fig.7 Growth of pakchoi under different photoperiod treatments (harvest stage)

表2 不同光周期处理下各品种青菜采收期叶片的焦边数

Table 2 Leaf edge scorch count of pakchoi varieties at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

处理 Treatment	叶片的焦边数Leaf edge scorch count
处理 Treatment	紫衣 Ziyi	SH-2	新夏青9号 Xinxiaqing No.9	艳青 Yanqing
T1	0	0	0	0
T2	0	0	2.00	0
T3	0	0	3.33	2.00
T4	0	4.67	8.00	8.67

表3 不同光周期处理下青菜采收期的生长指标

Table 3 Growth indices of pakchoi at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	株幅/cm Plant spread/cm	叶片数 Leaf count	最大叶长/cm Maximum leaf length/cm	最大叶宽/cm Maximum leaf width/cm	最大叶柄长/cm Maximum petiole length/cm	最大叶柄宽/cm Maximum petiole width/cm	叶柄厚度/mm Petiole thickness/mm
紫衣	T1	14.12 a	28.02 b	19.6 c	20.97 a	10.50 a	8.43 a	1.23 a	2.80 a
Ziyi	T2	14.82 a	31.20 a	21.6 b	23.10 a	10.80 a	9.50 a	1.60 a	3.24 a
	T3	14.88 a	32.06 a	21.8 ab	22.53 a	10.67 a	8.70 a	1.67 a	3.34 a
	T4	15.54 a	30.50 a	23.2 a	22.00 a	10.87 a	8.20 a	1.63 a	3.20 a
SH-2	T1	12.00 b	29.30 b	18.4 c	18.33 a	10.47 a	6.13 a	2.20 b	3.44 b
	T2	13.22 ab	30.90 a	22.0 b	18.50 a	10.07 ab	5.57 a	2.60 a	3.61 ab
	T3	14.26 a	31.34 a	24.4 a	18.63 a	10.13 ab	5.50 a	2.83 a	4.12 a
	T4	12.40 b	27.36 c	24.2 a	16.57 b	9.30 b	5.07 a	2.63 a	3.35 b
新夏青9号	T1	12.98 b	29.48 a	20.6 c	18.80 ab	10.37 b	6.07 ab	2.27 b	3.85 a
Xinxiaqing No.9	T2	15.92 a	30.24 a	21.4 bc	20.17 a	11.70 a	6.87 a	2.37 ab	4.34 a
	T3	16.84 a	30.76 a	23.0 b	19.77 a	11.13 ab	6.33 ab	2.77 a	4.48 a
	T4	13.96 b	25.80 b	25.4 a	17.57 b	10.43 b	5.40 b	2.43 ab	4.23 a
艳青	T1	14.00 b	29.92 b	19.4 b	21.43 ab	10.93 a	7.63 a	2.30 b	4.15 b
Yanqing	T2	14.80 b	35.72 a	22.4 a	22.53 a	12.00 a	7.43 ab	2.77 a	4.88 a
	T3	14.96 b	35.72 a	23.4 a	20.33 b	11.33 a	6.00 bc	3.03 a	4.95 a
	T4	17.24 a	25.20 c	23.4 a	17.50 c	10.37 a	5.43 c	2.90 a	4.23 b

图8 不同光周期处理下青菜采收期的叶面积

Fig.8 Leaf area of pakchoi at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

图9 不同光周期处理下青菜采收期的帮叶比

Fig.9 Petiole-to-leaf ratio of pakchoi at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

图10 不同光周期处理下青菜采收期的品质

Fig.10 Quality of pakchoi at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

图11 不同光周期处理下青菜采收期叶片的SPAD值

Fig.11 SPAD values of leaf blades in pakchoi at harvest stage under different photoperiod treatments

图12 不同光周期处理下青菜叶片的光合参数

Fig.12 Photosynthetic parameters of pakchoi leaves under different photoperiod treatments

图13 不同光周期处理下青菜叶片的叶绿素荧光参数

Fig.13 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pakchoi leaves under different photoperiod treatments

图14 主成分分析图

Fig.14 Principal component analysis (PCA) plot

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植物工厂光周期对青菜生长、品质与光合参数的影响

Effects of different photoperiods on growth, quality, and photosynthetic parameters of pakchoi in plant factory

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