浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 643-654.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250110
孙勤1(
), 雷永忠1, 金宁1, 金莉2, 王舒亚2, 张倩1, 张威1, 赵旺1, 郁继华1,2, 吕剑1,2,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-02-13
出版日期:2026-04-25
发布日期:2026-05-08
作者简介:吕剑,E-mail:lvjian@gsau.edu.cn通讯作者:
吕剑
基金资助:
SUN Qin1(
), LEI Yongzhong1, JIN Ning1, JIN Li2, WANG Shuya2, ZHANG Qian1, ZHANG Wei1, ZHAO Wang1, YU Jihua1,2, LYU Jian1,2,*(
)
Received:2025-02-13
Published:2026-04-25
Online:2026-05-08
Contact:
LYU Jian
摘要:
针对我国西北地区日光温室秋冬季通风不便造成的CO2缺乏等问题,以金涛19番茄品种为试材,在日光温室中设置CK1(无覆盖)、CK2(垄上地膜覆盖)、T1(垄上地膜覆盖+垄间秸秆覆盖)、T2(垄上秸秆覆盖)和T3(秸秆全覆盖)5个处理,分析番茄生长发育和温室内的CO2浓度与分布,探索适宜的地面覆盖方式。结果显示,与CK1处理相比:T1处理近地面、冠层和冠层上部的CO2浓度在13:00、21:00、01:00和05:00均显著(p<0.05)提高;番茄叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著提高;叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度显著提高,增幅分别为53.12%、10.34%和53.64%;株高、茎粗和叶片数显著增加;根系活力显著提高5.10%;根体积显著增加70.34%;总干重显著增加14.71%;茎、叶中氮、磷、钾和根中磷、钾含量亦显著增加。综上,垄上地膜覆盖+垄间秸秆覆盖可以通过提高温室内的CO2浓度、增强植株光合作用进而促进番茄生长和干物质积累。
中图分类号:
孙勤, 雷永忠, 金宁, 金莉, 王舒亚, 张倩, 张威, 赵旺, 郁继华, 吕剑. 不同地面覆盖方式对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度与番茄生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(4): 643-654.
SUN Qin, LEI Yongzhong, JIN Ning, JIN Li, WANG Shuya, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Wang, YU Jihua, LYU Jian. Effects of different ground mulching methods on carbon dioxide concentration in solar greenhouses and tomato growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(4): 643-654.
图1 不同处理对温室内番茄垂直方向CO2浓度分布的影响 A、B、C分别展示近地面、冠层、冠层上部的结果。同一时刻,柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on vertical CO2 concentration distribution of tomato in greenhouse A, B and C represent the results at the near-ground level, canopy level, and upper canopy level, respectively. For the same time, bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05.
| 位置 Location | 处理 Treatment | 日最大值 Daily maximum value | 日最小值 Daily minimum value | 日平均值 Daily average value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 近地面 | CK1 | 1 073.33±3.33 a | 390.00±0.01 c | 733.33±2.00 d |
| Near-ground | CK2 | 1 020.00±0.01 b | 356.67±3.33 d | 745.56±1.33 c |
| T1 | 1 013.33±6.67 b | 393.33±3.33 bc | 760.00±3.33 b | |
| T2 | 990.00±0.01 c | 433.33±16.67 a | 767.22±5.33 b | |
| T3 | 990.00±0.01 c | 416.67±3.33 ab | 781.67±2.67 a | |
| 冠层 | CK1 | 1 060.00±0.01 a | 280.00±0.01 d | 696.11±1.33 c |
| Canopy | CK2 | 1 020.00±3.33 b | 310.00±0.01 b | 724.44±0.67 a |
| T1 | 990.00±0.01 c | 333.33±3.33 a | 731.67±1.33 a | |
| T2 | 970.00±0.01 d | 310.00±0.01 b | 718.33±0.67 b | |
| T3 | 960.00±0.01 e | 300.00±0.01 c | 725.00±0.67 a | |
| 冠层上部 | CK1 | 1 063.33±3.33 a | 280.00±0.01 c | 702.78±0.67 c |
| Upper canopy | CK2 | 1 040.00±0.01 a | 300.00±0.01 b | 735.00±0.67 a |
| T1 | 1 000.00±0.01 b | 310.00±0.01 a | 732.78±0.67 a | |
| T2 | 983.33±3.33 c | 300.00±0.01 b | 720.00±2.00 b | |
| T3 | 986.67±3.33 c | 296.67±3.33 b | 737.78±1.33 a |
表1 不同处理下温室内番茄植株垂直方向CO2浓度的日最大值、最小值与平均值
Table 1 Daily maximum, minimum and average values of CO2 concentration in vertical direction of tomato in greenhouse under different treatments Unit: mg·m-3
| 位置 Location | 处理 Treatment | 日最大值 Daily maximum value | 日最小值 Daily minimum value | 日平均值 Daily average value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 近地面 | CK1 | 1 073.33±3.33 a | 390.00±0.01 c | 733.33±2.00 d |
| Near-ground | CK2 | 1 020.00±0.01 b | 356.67±3.33 d | 745.56±1.33 c |
| T1 | 1 013.33±6.67 b | 393.33±3.33 bc | 760.00±3.33 b | |
| T2 | 990.00±0.01 c | 433.33±16.67 a | 767.22±5.33 b | |
| T3 | 990.00±0.01 c | 416.67±3.33 ab | 781.67±2.67 a | |
| 冠层 | CK1 | 1 060.00±0.01 a | 280.00±0.01 d | 696.11±1.33 c |
| Canopy | CK2 | 1 020.00±3.33 b | 310.00±0.01 b | 724.44±0.67 a |
| T1 | 990.00±0.01 c | 333.33±3.33 a | 731.67±1.33 a | |
| T2 | 970.00±0.01 d | 310.00±0.01 b | 718.33±0.67 b | |
| T3 | 960.00±0.01 e | 300.00±0.01 c | 725.00±0.67 a | |
| 冠层上部 | CK1 | 1 063.33±3.33 a | 280.00±0.01 c | 702.78±0.67 c |
| Upper canopy | CK2 | 1 040.00±0.01 a | 300.00±0.01 b | 735.00±0.67 a |
| T1 | 1 000.00±0.01 b | 310.00±0.01 a | 732.78±0.67 a | |
| T2 | 983.33±3.33 c | 300.00±0.01 b | 720.00±2.00 b | |
| T3 | 986.67±3.33 c | 296.67±3.33 b | 737.78±1.33 a |
图2 不同处理对番茄叶片光合色素含量的影响 柱上无相同字母的表示不同处理的同一光合色素含量差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic pigment content of tomato leaves Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments in the same photosynthetic pigment content.
图3 不同处理对番茄叶片光合参数的影响 柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。图5同。
Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic parameters of tomato leaves Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference. The same as Fig. 5.
图4 不同处理对番茄地上部生长指标的影响 柱上无相同字母的表示同一时间不同处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。
Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on growth indexes of aboveground part of tomato Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) difference within treatments on the same day.
| 处理 Treatment | 茎干重 Stem dry weight | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight | 根干重 Root dry weight | 总干重 Total dry weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 40.70±0.40 b | 69.40±0.56 b | 10.34±0.38 c | 120.44±0.69 bc |
| CK2 | 45.70±0.32 ab | 73.07±1.28 b | 11.93±0.10 ab | 130.70±1.47 ab |
| T1 | 49.03±1.26 a | 76.71±1.72 a | 12.41±0.24 a | 138.16±2.37 a |
| T2 | 41.43±0.44 b | 64.38±0.87 b | 11.02±0.68 b | 116.83±0.62 c |
| T3 | 46.77±1.46 a | 70.03±1.42 b | 12.63±0.45 a | 129.42±1.23 b |
表2 不同处理对番茄单株干重的影响
Table 2 Effect of different treatments on dry weight of tomato per plant Unit: g
| 处理 Treatment | 茎干重 Stem dry weight | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight | 根干重 Root dry weight | 总干重 Total dry weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 40.70±0.40 b | 69.40±0.56 b | 10.34±0.38 c | 120.44±0.69 bc |
| CK2 | 45.70±0.32 ab | 73.07±1.28 b | 11.93±0.10 ab | 130.70±1.47 ab |
| T1 | 49.03±1.26 a | 76.71±1.72 a | 12.41±0.24 a | 138.16±2.37 a |
| T2 | 41.43±0.44 b | 64.38±0.87 b | 11.02±0.68 b | 116.83±0.62 c |
| T3 | 46.77±1.46 a | 70.03±1.42 b | 12.63±0.45 a | 129.42±1.23 b |
| 器官 Organ | 处理 Treatment | N含量 N content | P含量 P content | K含量 K content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 根Root | CK1 | 47.00±0.04 b | 6.020±0.100 b | 43.733±1.474 d |
| CK2 | 45.34±0.02 d | 4.270±0.101 d | 50.800±1.929 bc | |
| T1 | 47.13±0.08 b | 7.410±0.262 a | 54.200±0.693 a | |
| T2 | 54.80±0.01 a | 5.383±0.055 c | 48.867±0.577 c | |
| T3 | 46.46±0.27 c | 3.340±0.053 e | 51.867±0.702 b | |
| 茎Stem | CK1 | 33.06±0.88 e | 4.070±0.036 e | 56.200±1.064 d |
| CK2 | 41.13±0.33 d | 5.293±0.186 d | 70.650±1.580 bc | |
| T1 | 54.54±0.56 a | 8.037±0.235 a | 79.400±1.418 a | |
| T2 | 43.75±0.67 c | 6.300±0.085 c | 68.750±0.377 c | |
| T3 | 45.98±0.29 b | 6.597±0.032 b | 71.950±0.173 b | |
| 叶Leaf | CK1 | 46.58±0.54 d | 5.590±0.173 b | 31.733±0.702 c |
| CK2 | 47.98±0.34 c | 6.327±0.099 a | 38.400±3.365 b | |
| T1 | 51.27±0.35 b | 6.440±0.085 a | 48.933±1.528 a | |
| T2 | 48.38±0.34 c | 6.257±0.096 a | 37.667±0.503 b | |
| T3 | 55.57±0.34 a | 6.390±0.090 a | 47.733±5.085 a |
表3 不同处理对番茄不同器官氮、磷、钾含量的影响
Table 3 Effect of different treatments on N, P, K content in different organs of tomato Unit: g·kg-1
| 器官 Organ | 处理 Treatment | N含量 N content | P含量 P content | K含量 K content |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 根Root | CK1 | 47.00±0.04 b | 6.020±0.100 b | 43.733±1.474 d |
| CK2 | 45.34±0.02 d | 4.270±0.101 d | 50.800±1.929 bc | |
| T1 | 47.13±0.08 b | 7.410±0.262 a | 54.200±0.693 a | |
| T2 | 54.80±0.01 a | 5.383±0.055 c | 48.867±0.577 c | |
| T3 | 46.46±0.27 c | 3.340±0.053 e | 51.867±0.702 b | |
| 茎Stem | CK1 | 33.06±0.88 e | 4.070±0.036 e | 56.200±1.064 d |
| CK2 | 41.13±0.33 d | 5.293±0.186 d | 70.650±1.580 bc | |
| T1 | 54.54±0.56 a | 8.037±0.235 a | 79.400±1.418 a | |
| T2 | 43.75±0.67 c | 6.300±0.085 c | 68.750±0.377 c | |
| T3 | 45.98±0.29 b | 6.597±0.032 b | 71.950±0.173 b | |
| 叶Leaf | CK1 | 46.58±0.54 d | 5.590±0.173 b | 31.733±0.702 c |
| CK2 | 47.98±0.34 c | 6.327±0.099 a | 38.400±3.365 b | |
| T1 | 51.27±0.35 b | 6.440±0.085 a | 48.933±1.528 a | |
| T2 | 48.38±0.34 c | 6.257±0.096 a | 37.667±0.503 b | |
| T3 | 55.57±0.34 a | 6.390±0.090 a | 47.733±5.085 a |
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