十三份玉米新自交系的育种潜势分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.12.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 2119-2127.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2020.12.02

十三份玉米新自交系的育种潜势分析

赵星凯¹(), 石海春¹^,², 余学杰¹^,², 杨殊¹, 赵长云², 夏伟², 柯永培¹^,²^,^*()

1.四川农业大学农学院,四川成都 611130
2.四川正红生物技术有限责任公司,四川成都 610213

收稿日期:2020-07-07 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2020-12-25
通讯作者: 柯永培
作者简介:*柯永培,E-mail: keyp169@163.com
赵星凯(1993—),男,四川崇州人,硕士,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究。E-mail: 403035967@qq.com
基金资助:
四川省科技支撑计划(2016NYZ0006);四川省科技支撑计划(2019YFN0012)

Breeding potential analyses of 13 new inbred lines in maize

ZHAO Xingkai¹(), SHI Haichun¹^,², YU Xuejie¹^,², YANG Shu¹, ZHAO Changyun², XIA Wei², KE Yongpei¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Sichuan Zhenghong Bio Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China

Received:2020-07-07 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2020-12-25
Contact: KE Yongpei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确玉米新自交系的育种潜力,以13份新自交系、8份骨干系和5份标准自交系为材料,通过农艺性状鉴定和SSR分子标记分析,研究自交系间的遗传差异;按Griffing方法Ⅳ组配210个杂交组合,分析产量配合力和杂种优势表现。结果显示,新自交系K351和K311自身性状优良;以遗传相似系数0.696为阈值,用类平均法(UPGMA)将26份自交系划分为8个类群,即常见5大类群和3个新类群,其中K115等10个新自交系被划分到3个新类群。K61等6个新自交系产量一般配合力(GCA)达极显著(P<0.01)正效应,高于多数骨干自交系;在四川双流和云南宣威试点,比对照显著(P<0.05)增产的组合分别有18个和3个,其中K61×K143和21-ES×K61在2个试点均显著(P<0.05)增产,分别平均增产33.16%和22.81%。综上,新自交系K61、K143和K115产量GCA最高,自身农艺性状较好,其中K61和K115种质新颖,是理想的高产育种亲本;K311、K962和K365产量GCA较高,自身性状良好,具有高产育种潜力,但植株偏高,有待进一步改良。

关键词: 玉米, 自交系, 遗传差异, 简单重复序列(SSR), 配合力, 杂种优势

Abstract:

In order to clarify the breeding potential of new inbred lines, genetic diversities of 13 new inbred lines, eight elite inbred lines and five standard inbred lines were studied by agronomic character identification and SSR markers. 210 combinations were obtained according to Griffing method IV, and the combining ability and heterosis of yield were analyzed. The results showed that K351 and K311 were new inbred lines with good agronomic traits per se. By using genetic similarity coefficient of 0.696 as the threshold, 26 inbred lines were divided into eight groups including five common groups and three new groups by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA), in which ten new inbred lines such as K115 were divided into three new groups. Six new inbred lines including K61 had significantly (P<0.05) positive general combining ability (GCA) effect of yield, higher than that of the most of elite inbred lines. There were 18 and three combinations with yield increase over CK significantly (P<0.05) in experiment site of Shuangliu, Sichuan and Xuanwei, Yunnan, respectively, in which K61 × K143 and 21-ES ×K61 had significant (P<0.05) yield increase at both sites, with an average increase of 33.16% and 22.81%, respectively. In summary, the new inbred lines K61, K143 and K115 had the highest GCA of yield and good agronomic traits, in which K61 and K115 were novel germplasms, they were ideal parents for high-yield breeding. K311, K962 and K365 had the higher GCA of yield and good agronomic traits, which had the potential for high-yielding breeding, however, the plant height needed to be further improved as they were kind of the higher plants.

Key words: maize, inbred lines, genetic diversity, simple sequence repeats(SSR), combining ability, heterosis

中图分类号:

S513

赵星凯, 石海春, 余学杰, 杨殊, 赵长云, 夏伟, 柯永培. 十三份玉米新自交系的育种潜势分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(12): 2119-2127.

ZHAO Xingkai, SHI Haichun, YU Xuejie, YANG Shu, ZHAO Changyun, XIA Wei, KE Yongpei. Breeding potential analyses of 13 new inbred lines in maize[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2020, 32(12): 2119-2127.

图/表 10

参考文献 24

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编号 No.	名称 Name	来源 Origin	编号 No.	名称 Name	来源 Origin
1	K115	美国杂交种American hybrid	14	698-3	美国杂交种78698 American hybrid 78698
2	K492	USQ1群体USQ1 Population	15	K169	美国杂交种3163 American hybrid 3163
3	K131	USQ1群体 USQ1 Population	16	K236	美国杂交种3163 American hybrid 3163
4	K351	先玉335 Xianyu335	17	R08	美国杂交种78641 American hybrid 78641
5	K962	先玉696 Xianyu696	18	郑58	掖478亲本变异株 Mutant plant of Ye478
6	K311	泰玉3号Taiyu3	19	K305	美国杂交种2102 American hybrid 2102
7	K143	雅玉889 Yayu889	20	48-2	(Mo17×D340)×6个杂交组合 (Mo17×D340)×6 combinations
8	K324	良玉99 Liangyu99	21	21-ES	地方品种邻水大督督 Local variety Lingshuidadudu
9	K61	邦豪玉108号 Banghaoyu108	22	Mo17	187-2×C103
10	K181	良玉118 Liangyu118	23	丹340	白骨旅9×有稃玉米(辐射) Baigulyu9×Wild pod corn(radiation)
11	K322	德国杂交种 German hybrid	24	昌7-2	昌单7号(黄早四×潍95) Changdan7 (Huangzaosi×Wei95)
12	K111	国内杂交种 Chinese hybrid	25	掖478	U8112×沈5003 U8112×Shen5003
13	K365	MCOⅡ群体 MCOⅡ population	26	齐319	美国杂交种78599 American hybrid 78599

编号 No.	名称 Name	来源 Origin	编号 No.	名称 Name	来源 Origin
1	K115	美国杂交种American hybrid	14	698-3	美国杂交种78698 American hybrid 78698
2	K492	USQ1群体USQ1 Population	15	K169	美国杂交种3163 American hybrid 3163
3	K131	USQ1群体 USQ1 Population	16	K236	美国杂交种3163 American hybrid 3163
4	K351	先玉335 Xianyu335	17	R08	美国杂交种78641 American hybrid 78641
5	K962	先玉696 Xianyu696	18	郑58	掖478亲本变异株 Mutant plant of Ye478
6	K311	泰玉3号Taiyu3	19	K305	美国杂交种2102 American hybrid 2102
7	K143	雅玉889 Yayu889	20	48-2	(Mo17×D340)×6个杂交组合 (Mo17×D340)×6 combinations
8	K324	良玉99 Liangyu99	21	21-ES	地方品种邻水大督督 Local variety Lingshuidadudu
9	K61	邦豪玉108号 Banghaoyu108	22	Mo17	187-2×C103
10	K181	良玉118 Liangyu118	23	丹340	白骨旅9×有稃玉米(辐射) Baigulyu9×Wild pod corn(radiation)
11	K322	德国杂交种 German hybrid	24	昌7-2	昌单7号(黄早四×潍95) Changdan7 (Huangzaosi×Wei95)
12	K111	国内杂交种 Chinese hybrid	25	掖478	U8112×沈5003 U8112×Shen5003
13	K365	MCOⅡ群体 MCOⅡ population	26	齐319	美国杂交种78599 American hybrid 78599

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	株高 Plant height	穗位高 Ear height	雄穗分支数 Tassel branch No.	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Barren ear tip length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗行数 Ear row No.	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-kernel weight	出籽率 Seed-producing percentage	产量 Yield
自交系间 Inbred line	12	26 496.22^**	10 414.84^**	446.90^**	88.81^**	3.02^**	3.59^**	73.26^**	313.36^**	63.69^**	1 052.19^**	6 317.38^**

误差 Error	355	206.44	100.50	4.41	1.59	0.32	0.06	2.10	12.24	3.82	16.13	300.45

变异来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	株高 Plant height	穗位高 Ear height	雄穗分支数 Tassel branch No.	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Barren ear tip length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗行数 Ear row No.	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-kernel weight	出籽率 Seed-producing percentage	产量 Yield
自交系间 Inbred line	12	26 496.22^**	10 414.84^**	446.90^**	88.81^**	3.02^**	3.59^**	73.26^**	313.36^**	63.69^**	1 052.19^**	6 317.38^**

误差 Error	355	206.44	100.50	4.41	1.59	0.32	0.06	2.10	12.24	3.82	16.13	300.45

名称 Name	株高 Plant height/cm	穗位高 Earheight/ cm	雄穗分支数 Tassel branch number	穗长 Ear length/cm	秃尖长 Barren ear tip length/cm	穗粗 Ear diameter/cm	穗行数 Ear row number	行粒数 Kernels per row	百粒重 100-kernel weight/g	出籽率 Seed-producing percentage/%	产量 Yield/(g· plant^-1)
K115	212.03± 1.93 c	100.67± 1.66 a	13.63± 0.39 a	14.57± 0.20 cd	0.32± 0.07 bcde	3.67± 0.03 e	14.87± 0.21 e	22.67± 0.52 de	21.03± 1.50 e	70.63± 0.36 e	70.96± 1.99 e
K492	231.50± 2.24 b	67.50± 1.98 c	2.07± 0.14 h	12.70± 0.118 h	0.86± 0.14 ab	3.60± 0.04 e	12.40± 0.18 g	27.50± 0.97 ab	15.38± 0.10 f	76.30± 0.79 d	52.13± 1.96 f
K131	198.88± 4.67 ef	57.75± 4.08 d	4.63± 0.26 ef	15.13± 0.55 bc	1.13± 0.47 ab	4.18± 0.08 d	15.50± 0.50 cde	24.50± 2.22 bc	28.95± 0.15 bc	78.45± 1.24 c	87.90± 5.43 b
K351	209.07± 2.26 cd	53.90± 2.03 d	2.97± 0.13 gh	15.63± 0.37 b	0.56± 0.15 bc	4.34± 0.05 c	15.33± 0.29 cde	24.93± 0.66 bc	32.39± 0.16 a	84.75± 0.57 a	100.93± 3.51 a
K962	250.00± 2.83 a	64.93± 2.26 c	4.00± 0.32 fg	14.82± 0.16 cd	0.75± 0.10 b	4.41± 0.05 bc	15.60± 0.28 cde	30.07± 0.54 a	22.03± 0.30 e	80.77± 0.29 b	85.38± 3.58 bc
K311	245.90± 1.91 a	106.00± 2.48 a	14.30± 0.73 a	17.34± 0.23 a	0.90± 0.09 ab	4.18± 0.03 d	13.93± 0.18 f	30.97± 0.48 a	31.01± 0.49 ab	80.50± 0.29 b	111.26± 3.16 a
K143	241.00± 3.28 ab	99.73± 1.99 a	7.30± 0.43 c	15.57± 0.18 bc	0.93± 0.18 ab	4.33± 0.05 c	15.79± 0.21 cd	26.34± 0.72 b	23.54± 3.63 e	83.77± 0.60 ab	96.05± 3.76 ab
K324	151.67± 3.03 i	48.10± 1.03 e	5.67± 0.37 de	13.25± 0.19 fgh	0.26± 0.08 cde	4.66± 0.05 ab	15.60± 0.24 cde	24.23± 0.58 bcd	27.19± 0.22 c	82.23± 0.66 b	88.29± 3.07 b
K61	204.07± 2.32 def	58.50± 1.34 d	6.67± 0.50 cd	12.95± 0.35 gh	0.45± 0.12 bcd	4.30± 0.05 cd	16.87± 0.37 b	21.53± 0.92 e	27.16± 0.64 c	70.86± 1.73 e	80.37± 4.79 bcd
K181	198.47± 3.14 ef	68.43± 2.13 c	6.20± 0.29 d	14.30± 0.19 cde	0.10± 0.06 de	4.72± 0.05 a	18.53± 0.27 a	24.80± 0.57 bc	23.84± 0.10 de	83.23± 0.67 ab	88.54± 3.42 b
K322	205.00± 3.60 cde	74.07± 1.80 b	3.23± 0.18 g	13.55± 0.29 fg	0.19± 0.06 cde	4.37± 0.05 c	16.14± 0.30 bc	25.34± 0.64 bc	27.00± 0.35 cd	80.49± 0.68 b	83.95± 2.27 bcd
K111	160.57± 1.62 h	58.20± 0.93 d	6.47± 0.35 cd	10.12± 0.13 i	0.33± 0.06 bcde	4.70± 0.06 a	16.47± 0.32 bc	18.87± 0.42 f	29.45± 0.21 abc	84.28± 0.64 ab	75.18± 2.97 de
K365	197.13± 1.22 fg	69.47± 1.56 bc	10.67± 0.40 b	13.82± 0.16 ef	0± 0 e	4.54± 0.04 b	13.40± 0.27 f	24.37± 0.35 bcd	26.83± 0.18 cd	84.50± 0.38 a	77.82± 2.52 cde

十三份玉米新自交系的育种潜势分析

Breeding potential analyses of 13 new inbred lines in maize

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序号 Number	引物 Primer	染色体位置 Chromosome	基因型数 Genotype number	等位基因片段数 Allele number	序号 Number	引物 Primer	染色体位置 Chromosome	基因型数 Genotype number	等位基因片段数 Allele number
1	bnlg439w1^d	1.03	5	4	21	umc1147y4^d	1.07	3	3
2	umc1335y5^c	1.06	4	4	22	bnlg1671y17^a	1.1	9	15
3	umc2007y4^a	2.04	8	8	23	phi96100y1^a	2	5	5
4	bnlg1940k7^c	2.08	4	3	24	umc1536k9^d	2.07	3	3
5	umc2105k3^c	3	5	5	25	bnlg1520K1^a	2.09	7	10
6	phi053k2^d	3.05	3	2	26	umc1489y3^d	3.07	2	2
7	phi072k4^b	4.01	2	2	27	bnlg490y4^d	4.04	5	6
8	bnlg2291k4^b	4.06	4	4	28	umc1999y3^c	4.09	3	3
9	umc1705w1^b	5.03	7	5	29	umc2115k3^b	5.02	5	4
10	bnlg2305k4^d	5.07	7	10	30	umc1429y7^b	5.03	3	3
11	bnlg161k8^b	6	10	10	31	bnlg249k2^b	6.01	3	3
12	bnlg1702k1^b	6.05	5	13	32	phi299852y2^b	6.07	4	3
13	umc1545y2^d	7	2	2	33	umc2160k3^b	7.01	4	7
14	umc1125y3^b	7.04	3	3	34	umc1936k4^c	7.03	2	4
15	bnlg240k1^c	8.06	5	4	35	bnlg2235y5^b	8.02	5	5
16	phi080k15^c	8.08	2	2	36	phi233376y1^c	8.09	4	4
17	phi065k9^d	9.03	2	2	37	umc2084w2^d	9.01	4	4
18	umc1492y13^c	9.04	2	2	38	umc1231k4^a	9.05	6	8
19	umc1432y6^c	10.02	4	3	39	phi041y6^c	10	3	3
20	umc1506k12^a	10.05	4	4	40	umc2163w3^d	10.04	5	5

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	F
地点Location	1	23 603.4	23 603.4	57.7^**
地点内区组 Block in location	4	4 096.4	1 024.1	2.5^*
组合Combination	209	893 530.8	4 275.3	10.45^**
地点×组合 Location×combination	209	199 610.7	955.1	2.34^**
一般配合力GCA	20	685 575.0	34 278.75	5.51^**
特殊配合力SCA	189	207 951.2	1 100.27	2.36^**
一般配合力×地点 GCA×location	20	111 644.9	5 582.25	11.99^**
特殊配合力×地点 SCA×location	189	87 971.39	465.46	1.14^*
误差 Residual	836	341 938.6	409.0
总计Total	1 259	1 462 780

自交系类别 Classify of inbred line	名称 Name	产量GCA GCA of yield
自交系类别 Classify of inbred line	名称 Name	双流 Shuangliu	宣威 Xuanwei	平均 Average
新自交系	K115	18.59^**	16.01^**	17.30^**
New inbred line	K492	-31.01^**	-29.05^**	-30.03^**
	K131	-4.06	1.24	-1.41
	K351	-8.06^**	-13.27^**	-10.67^**
	K962	4.31	13.09^**	8.70^**
	K311	5.61^*	14.85^**	10.23^**
	K143	27.38^**	33.45^**	30.41^**
	K324	-19.97^**	-21.73^**	-20.85^**
	K61	24.43^**	61.52^**	42.98^**
	K181	-6.93^**	-3.53	-5.23^*
	K322	-2.57	-12.40^**	-7.48^**
	K111	-7.90^**	-15.14^**	-11.52^**
	K365	5.18	11.38^**	8.28^**
骨干自交系	698-3	-4.93	-10.96^**	-7.94^**
Elite inbred line	K169	5.41^*	-20.93^**	-7.76^**
	K236	-5.85^*	11.69^**	2.92
	R08	-1.80	-26.77^**	-14.29^**
	郑58	-23.28^**	-23.08^**	-23.18^**
	K305	11.12^**	5.59^*	8.35^**
	48-2	-2.71	7.61^**	2.45
	21-ES	17.04^**	0.44	8.74^**
LSD_0.05 LSD_0.01	5.24 6.90	5.00 6.58	4.08 5.37

组合来源 Source of combination	新自交系×新自交系 New inbred line×new inbred line		骨干系×骨干系 Elite inbred line×Elite inbred line		骨干系×新自交系 Elite inbred line×New inbred line
组合来源 Source of combination	双流 Shuangliu	宣威 Xuanwei	双流 Shuangliu	宣威 Xuanwei	双流 Shuangliu	宣威 Xuanwei
变幅Range of variation	-48.77~47.73	-55.75~39.42	-35.11~22.90	-33.57~26.00	-41.67~53.96	-49.04~37.26
正效应组合数	39	38	14	12	57	51
Numbers of positive combination
正向显著组合数	6	2	1	1	8	8
Numbers of significantly positive combination
正向显著组合所占比例	2.86	0.95	0.48	0.48	3.81	3.81
Proportion of significantly positive combination
SCA效应值最大组合	K111×K61	K111×K61	K305×R08	K305×698-3	698-3×K351	郑58×K492
Max. combination with SCA						Zheng 58×K492

地点 Location	次位 Rank	组合 Combination	增产量 Yield increase/g	对照优势 Heterosis over CK/%	杂种优势模式 Heterosis pattern
双流	1	K61×K143	61.12	35.12	新类群3×PB New group 3×PB
Shuangliu	2	K143×K115	47.27	31.62	PB×新类群1 PB×new group 1
	3	K111×K61	49.93	30.26	新类群1×新类群3 New group 1×new group 3
	4	21-ES×K143	45.82	29.96	塘四平头×PB Tangsipingtou×PB
	5	21-ES×K61	42.74	28.20	塘四平头×新类群3 Tangsipingtou×new group 3
	6	K181×K115	41.00	26.14	旅大红骨×新类群1 Lyudahonggu×new group 1
	7	K365×K143	36.21	25.29	新类群1×PB New group 1×PB
	8	K305×K169	39.03	25.09	旅大红骨×新类群1 Lyudahonggu×new group 1
	9	K365×K115	31.68	21.37	新类群1×新类群1 New group 1×new group 1
	10	21-ES×K305	29.44	19.43	塘四平头×旅大红骨 Tangsipingtou×Lyudahonggu
	11	K322×K61	30.67	19.39	新类群2×新类群3 New group 2×new group 3
	12	698-3×K143	29.05	17.77	兰卡斯特×PB Lancaster×PB
	13	K305×K143	29.08	17.43	旅大红骨×PB Lyudahonggu×PB
	14	21-ES×K365	26.53	17.16	塘四平头×新类群1 Tangsipingtou×new group 1
	15	郑58×K115 Zheng58×K115	26.27	16.52	瑞德×新类群1 Reid×new group 1
	16	K143×K131	26.03	16.19	PB×新类群2 PB×new group 2
	17	R08×K143	26.35	15.81	新类群1×PB New group 1×PB
	18	K61×K115	23.27	15.62	新类群3×PB New group 3×PB
宣威	1	K61×K143	55.10	31.19	新类群3×PB New group 3×PB
Xuanwei	2	K61×K311	53.29	26.83	新类群3×新类群3 New group 3×new group 3
	3	21-ES×K61	34.99	17.41	塘四平头×新类群3 Tangsipingtou×new group 3

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