四百八十七份玉米地方种质资源穗部性状的表型多样性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240060

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1481-1491.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240060

四百八十七份玉米地方种质资源穗部性状的表型多样性

李清超¹(), 杨珊¹, 张登峰², 刘建新¹, 孙开利¹, 吴迅³^,^*()

1.毕节市农业科学研究所,贵州毕节 551700
2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
3.贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳 550000

收稿日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-08-05
作者简介:李清超(1984—),男,贵州毕节人,硕士,副研究员,研究方向为作物遗传育种。E-mail: liqingchao-2@163.com
通讯作者: *吴迅,E-mail: wuxunyong@126.com
基金资助:
贵州省玉米现代农业产业技术体系项目(GZCYTX2023);贵州省重大科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2022〕重点029);贵州省重大科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2022〕重点025);毕节市揭榜挂帅项目(毕科合重大专项〔2023〕5号);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(毕科人才合字〔2021〕04号)

Phenotypic diversity of ear traits in 487 maize landraces

LI Qingchao¹(), YANG Shan¹, ZHANG Dengfeng², LIU Jianxin¹, SUN Kaili¹, WU Xun³^,^*()

1. Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, Bijie 551700, Guizhou, China
2. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3. Institute of Drought Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China

Received:2024-01-11 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究玉米种质资源穗部性状间的相互关系,筛选鉴定优质玉米资源。以贵州、陕西、甘肃、湖北4个省份收集的487份玉米种质资源为研究材料,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对玉米10个穗部性状进行综合评价。结果表明,10个穗部性状变异系数为6.1%~71.0%,表型多样性指数为0.319~2.038。相关分析表明,10个穗部性状间存在广泛的相关性;系统聚类分析将487份资源划分为4个类群,类群Ⅰ有187份种质资源,类群Ⅱ有208份种质资源,类群Ⅲ有48份种质资源,类群Ⅳ有44份种质资源,贵州和陕西的玉米种质资源代表性更强。最终筛选到15份穗部性状综合表现优异的玉米种质资源,为玉米种质资源鉴定评价、种质材料创新和遗传育种提供了参考和基础材料。

关键词: 玉米, 种质资源, 穗部性状, 多样性分析, 系统聚类

Abstract:

To investigate the interrelationship between ear traits in maize germplasm resources and identify high-quality maize germplasm resources, 487 maize germplasm resources collected from four provinces including Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei were used as study materials, and comprehensive evaluation of 10 ear traits were conducted using methods such as Shannon-Wiener diversity index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the 10 ear traits ranged from 6.1% to 71.0%, and the phenotypic diversity indices ranged from 0.319 to 2.038. Correlation analysis revealed widespread correlation between traits. Systematic cluster analysis divided the 487 germplasm resources into four groups: Group Ⅰ included 187 germplasm resources, Group Ⅱ included 208 germplasm resources, Group Ⅲ included 48 germplasm resources, and Group Ⅳ included 44 germplasm resources, with Guizhou and Shaanxi germplasm resources being more representative. In the end, 15 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive performance in ear traits were selected, which could provide reference and basic materials for maize resource identification, germplasm material innovation, and genetic breeding.

Key words: maize, germplasm resource, ear trait, diversity analysis, systematic cluster

中图分类号:

S513

李清超, 杨珊, 张登峰, 刘建新, 孙开利, 吴迅. 四百八十七份玉米地方种质资源穗部性状的表型多样性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(7): 1481-1491.

LI Qingchao, YANG Shan, ZHANG Dengfeng, LIU Jianxin, SUN Kaili, WU Xun. Phenotypic diversity of ear traits in 487 maize landraces[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1481-1491.

图/表 10

参考文献 38

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省份 Province	数量Number		总数 Total number
省份 Province	糯玉米 Waxy maize	普通玉米 Common maize	总数 Total number
贵州Guizhou	99	203	302
陕西Shaanxi	5	129	134
甘肃Gansu	0	28	28
湖北Hubei	0	23	23
合计Total	104	383	487

省份 Province	数量Number		总数 Total number
省份 Province	糯玉米 Waxy maize	普通玉米 Common maize	总数 Total number
贵州Guizhou	99	203	302
陕西Shaanxi	5	129	134
甘肃Gansu	0	28	28
湖北Hubei	0	23	23
合计Total	104	383	487

性状 Traits	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	H'	H_GZ'	H_SX'	H_GS'	H_HB'
穗长Ear length/cm	16.496	2.256	13.7	1.821	1.878	2.128	1.930	2.175
秃尖长Bald tip length/cm	0.883	0.627	71.0	1.516	1.599	1.508	2.125	2.020
穗粗Ear thick/cm	4.057	0.584	14.4	0.945	0.988	1.684	1.871	2.103
轴粗Shaft thick/cm	2.596	0.597	23.0	0.319	0.559	1.588	2.168	0.905
穗行数Number of rows per ear	12.698	2.405	18.9	0.892	0.927	2.058	2.137	1.877
行粒数Number of grains per row	32.056	5.249	16.4	1.286	1.699	1.079	2.015	1.908
百粒重100-Grain weight/g	30.492	6.254	20.5	1.855	1.943	2.121	1.749	1.931
出籽率Seed yield percentage	0.787	0.048	6.1	1.188	1.179	1.837	1.605	1.763
单穗穗重Weight per ear/g	133.821	39.129	29.2	2.038	2.106	2.060	1.979	2.171
单穗粒重Grain weight per ear/g	105.384	31.674	30.1	1.925	1.990	2.109	2.075	2.163

性状 Traits	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation/%	H'	H_GZ'	H_SX'	H_GS'	H_HB'
穗长Ear length/cm	16.496	2.256	13.7	1.821	1.878	2.128	1.930	2.175
秃尖长Bald tip length/cm	0.883	0.627	71.0	1.516	1.599	1.508	2.125	2.020
穗粗Ear thick/cm	4.057	0.584	14.4	0.945	0.988	1.684	1.871	2.103
轴粗Shaft thick/cm	2.596	0.597	23.0	0.319	0.559	1.588	2.168	0.905
穗行数Number of rows per ear	12.698	2.405	18.9	0.892	0.927	2.058	2.137	1.877
行粒数Number of grains per row	32.056	5.249	16.4	1.286	1.699	1.079	2.015	1.908
百粒重100-Grain weight/g	30.492	6.254	20.5	1.855	1.943	2.121	1.749	1.931
出籽率Seed yield percentage	0.787	0.048	6.1	1.188	1.179	1.837	1.605	1.763
单穗穗重Weight per ear/g	133.821	39.129	29.2	2.038	2.106	2.060	1.979	2.171
单穗粒重Grain weight per ear/g	105.384	31.674	30.1	1.925	1.990	2.109	2.075	2.163

性状Trait	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
X₂	0.032
X₃	0.391^**	0.046
X₄	-0.003	-0.034	0.021
X₅	0.035	-0.014	0.175^**	0.254^**
X₆	0.184^**	-0.077	0.088	0.142^**	0.137^**
X₇	0.105^*	-0.025	-0.088	0.088	-0.318^**	0.256^**
X₈	0.105^*	-0.031	0.065	-0.045	0.149^**	0.063	-0.001
X₉	0.156^**	-0.041	0.068	0.300^**	0.163^**	0.678^**	0.639^**	0.058
X₁₀	0.171^**	-0.044	0.073	0.284^**	0.181^**	0.669^**	0.627^**	0.234^**	0.982^**

四百八十七份玉米地方种质资源穗部性状的表型多样性

Phenotypic diversity of ear traits in 487 maize landraces

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性状 Trait	类群Ⅰ Cluster Ⅰ (n=187)	类群Ⅱ Cluster Ⅱ (n=208)	类群Ⅲ Cluster Ⅲ (n=48)	类群Ⅳ Cluster Ⅳ (n=44)
穗长Ear length/cm	16.83±2.27 a	16.25±2.19 ab	15.67±2.21 b	17.13±2.18 a
秃尖长Bald tip length/cm	0.87±0.57 a	0.89±0.69 a	0.96±0.62 a	0.83±0.54a
穗粗Ear thick/cm	4.1±0.5 a	4.04±0.41 a	3.94±1.12 a	4.12±0.76 a
轴粗Shaft thick/cm	2.71±0.43 a	2.54±0.75 b	2.17±0.33 c	2.86±0.24 a
穗行数Number of rows per ear	13.06±3.05 ab	12.35±1.77 c	12.07±2.14 bc	13.51±1.64 a
行粒数Number of grains per row	34.3±3.59 b	30.15±4.58 c	25.83±4.09 d	38.34±3.65 a
百粒重100-Grain weight/g	32.8±4.84 b	28.75±4.61 c	22.52±6.76 d	37.64±5.23 a
出籽率Seed yield percentage	0.79±0.04 ab	0.79±0.05 ab	0.77±0.07 b	0.80±0.03 a
单穗穗重Weight per ear/g	156.58±17.13 b	112.4±11.88 c	69.31±14.59 d	208.73±16.27 a
单穗粒重Grain weight per ear/g	123.21±13.52 b	88.33±10.21 c	53.35±11.67 d	167.03±14.08 a

性状 Trait	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3	主成分4 Principal component 4
穗长Ear length	0.278	0.457	0.616	0.07
秃尖长Bald tip length	-0.075	0.065	0.229	0.545
穗粗Ear thick	0.139	0.668	0.422	0.177
轴粗Shaft thick	0.357	0.159	-0.54	0.39
穗行数Number of rows per ear	0.176	0.68	-0.536	0.003
行粒数Number of grains per row	0.753	0.064	-0.03	-0.031
百粒重100-Grain weight	0.654	-0.535	0.278	0.026
出籽率Seed yield percentage	0.176	0.312	0.051	-0.738
单穗穗重Weight per ear	0.965	-0.101	-0.055	0.063
单穗粒重Grain weight per ear	0.971	-0.048	-0.042	-0.07
特征值Eigenvalues	3.159	1.548	1.274	1.04
贡献率Contribution rate/%	31.589	15.485	12.741	10.402
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	31.589	47.073	59.814	70.216

种质编号 Germplasm NO.	F值 F value	来源 Source	种质名称 Germplasm name	类群 Cluster group	排名 Ranking
K220303	1.708	贵州Guizhou Province	血丝苞谷Blood Silk Maize	3	1
K220438	1.695	贵州uizhou Province	大黄包谷Large Yellow Maize	4	2
K220177	1.462	贵州Guizhou Province	秀洞红玉米Xiudong Red Maize	4	3
K220307	1.367	贵州Guizhou Province	18路苞谷18-Row Maize	4	4
K220413	1.355	贵州Guizhou Province	本地苞谷-3 Local Maize-3	4	5
K220349	1.292	贵州Guizhou Province	白马牙White Horse Tooth	4	6
K220482	1.287	贵州Guizhou Province	马芽包谷Horse Tooth Maize	4	7
K220486	1.283	贵州Guizhou Province	上纳糯玉米Shangna Glutinous Maize	4	8
K220305	1.254	贵州Guizhou Province	红包谷Red Maize	4	9
K220353	1.181	贵州Guizhou Province	红包谷Red Maize	4	10
K220409	1.168	贵州Guizhou Province	黄玉米Yellow Maize	4	11
K220210	1.166	贵州Guizhou Province	马铃本地白包谷Local White Maize from MaLing	1	12
K220412	1.125	贵州Guizhou Province	本地苞谷-2 Local Maize-2	4	13
K220502	1.114	湖北Hubei Province	马回营大籽白Large Seed White Mai from Mahuiying	4	14
K220345	1.004	贵州Guizhou Province	黄包谷Yellow Maize	1	15

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