减氮配施生物炭对椪柑生长发育与土壤特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231406

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 2739-2747.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231406

减氮配施生物炭对椪柑生长发育与土壤特性的影响

马玲¹(), 张镇武¹, 方英姿¹, 吴慧欣¹, 邢承华¹^,²^,^*()

1.金华职业技术大学农学院,浙江金华 321017
2.浙江省农作物收获装备技术重点实验室,浙江金华 321000

收稿日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-27
作者简介:马玲(1976—),女,江苏泰兴人,硕士,讲师,主要从事植物生理与环境生态研究。E-mail:523604255@qq.com
通讯作者: *邢承华, E-mail:xingchenghua@hotmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31101599);金华市科技项目(2022-2-028)

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar application on growth and development of Citurs reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’ and soil properties

MA Ling¹(), ZHANG Zhenwu¹, FANG Yingzi¹, WU Huixin¹, XING Chenghua¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Agronomy, Jinhua University of Vocational Technology, Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang, China
2. Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-12-15 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究减氮配施生物炭(BC)对椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan)生长发育和土壤特性的影响,试验设置6个处理(施肥量以单株计):常规施肥(N100,0.910 kg N)、减氮20%(N80,0.728 kg N)、减氮40%(N60,0.546 kg N)、减氮40%+生物炭10 g(N60+BC10,0.546 kg N+10 g BC)、减氮40%+生物炭 20 g(N60+BC20,0.546 kg N+20 g BC)和减氮40%+生物炭30 g·m^-2(N60+BC30,0.546 kg N+30 g BC),测定分析不同处理的椪柑根系生长、果实品质、单果重与土壤理化特性等。结果表明,与N100相比,N80和N60处理的椪柑根系活力、根系形态、果实品质、单果重、土壤特性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势,而N60+BC10、N60+BC20、N60+BC30处理的相应指标则表现出上升趋势。主成分分析显示,减氮配施生物炭处理得分依次为N60+BC30>N60+BC20>N60+BC10,其中N60+BC30处理的果实品质和土壤理化特性表现最佳。

关键词: 氮肥, 生物炭, 椪柑, 果实品质, 土壤特性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen reduction and biochar application on the growth and development of ponkan citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’) and soil properties, the experiment was set up with conventional nitrogen application (N100, 0.910 kg N), nitrogen reduction of 20% (N80, 0.728 kg N), nitrogen reduction of 40% (N60, 0.546 kg N), nitrogen reduction of 40%+biochar 10 g (N60+BC10, 0.546 kg N+10 g BC), nitrogen reduction of 40%+biochar 20 g (N60+BC20, 0.546 kg N+20 g BC) and nitrogen reduction of 40%+biochar 30 g (N60+BC30, 0.546 kg N+30 g BC), the amount of fertilizer applied per plant. The root growth, fruit quality, single fruit weight and soil properties of Ponkan in different treatments were measured and analysed. The results showed that compared with N100, the root activity, root morphology, fruit quality, single fruit weight and soil properties of N80 and N60 treatments showed different degrees of decreasing trends, while the corresponding indicators of N60+BC10, N60+BC20 and N60+BC30 treatments showed increasing trends. The statistical analysis of principal components showed that the scores of nitrogen reduction and biochar application were in the order of N60+BC30>N60+BC20>N60+BC10, among which the fruit quality and soil properties of N60+BC30 treatment were the best.

Key words: nitrogen fertiliser, biochar, Ponkan, fruit quality, soil property

中图分类号:

S666.1

马玲, 张镇武, 方英姿, 吴慧欣, 邢承华. 减氮配施生物炭对椪柑生长发育与土壤特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(12): 2739-2747.

MA Ling, ZHANG Zhenwu, FANG Yingzi, WU Huixin, XING Chenghua. Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar application on growth and development of Citurs reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’ and soil properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(12): 2739-2747.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	pH	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphate content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Avallable K content/ (mg·kg^-1)
N100	4.88±0.23 b	44.21±1.99 b	10.29±0.51 b	127.46±6.70 a	37.18±2.55 b	178.34±8.65 b
N80	4.91±0.22 ab	44.18±2.01 b	10.26±0.51 b	114.21±6.00 ab	37.09±2.54 b	176.52±8.56 b
N60	4.93±0.26 ab	44.16±1.98 ab	10.23±0.51 b	109.36±5.75 b	37.21±2.49 b	179.11±8.69 b
N60+BC10	5.32±0.38 ab	47.62±0.07 ab	16.83±0.86 a	116.38±6.12 ab	58.76±17.58 ab	208.39±10.12 a
N60+BC20	5.46±0.30 ab	47.86±0.04 ab	17.94±0.88 a	121.41±6.38 ab	62.37±8.88 a	217.93±10.61 a
N60+BC30	5.67±0.31 a	48.05±0.05 a	18.31±0.90 a	130.63±6.51 a	71.87±6.88 a	223.38±10.84 a

处理 Treatment	pH	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphate content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Avallable K content/ (mg·kg^-1)
N100	4.88±0.23 b	44.21±1.99 b	10.29±0.51 b	127.46±6.70 a	37.18±2.55 b	178.34±8.65 b
N80	4.91±0.22 ab	44.18±2.01 b	10.26±0.51 b	114.21±6.00 ab	37.09±2.54 b	176.52±8.56 b
N60	4.93±0.26 ab	44.16±1.98 ab	10.23±0.51 b	109.36±5.75 b	37.21±2.49 b	179.11±8.69 b
N60+BC10	5.32±0.38 ab	47.62±0.07 ab	16.83±0.86 a	116.38±6.12 ab	58.76±17.58 ab	208.39±10.12 a
N60+BC20	5.46±0.30 ab	47.86±0.04 ab	17.94±0.88 a	121.41±6.38 ab	62.37±8.88 a	217.93±10.61 a
N60+BC30	5.67±0.31 a	48.05±0.05 a	18.31±0.90 a	130.63±6.51 a	71.87±6.88 a	223.38±10.84 a

处理 Treatment	总根长 Root length/cm	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根总体积 Root volume/cm³	平均直径 Root diameter/mm	单株根尖数 Root tip number per tree
N100	1 816.16±96.19 ab	1 026.71±59.32 bc	10.11±0.64 bc	0.71±0.04 ab	1 956.77±127.66 abc
N80	1 698.52±86.57 ab	908.59±51.24 cd	9.06±0.60 c	0.64±0.04 b	1 821.34±97.90 bc
N60	1 376.74±249.97 b	798.58±76.54 d	8.51±0.67 c	0.61±0.08 b	1 770.25±118.42 c
N60+BC10	2 011.39±172.54 a	1 123.17±67.18 ab	11.71±0.59 ab	0.69±0.07 ab	2 135.66±120.03 ab
N60+BC20	2 023.74±275.73 a	1 218.23±81.25 a	12.37±0.75 a	0.82±0.09 a	2 241.07±128.21 a
N60+BC30	2 018.11±176.41 a	1 213.15±77.77 ab	12.26±0.74 a	0.73±0.06 ab	2 234.76±120.78 a

处理 Treatment	总根长 Root length/cm	根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	根总体积 Root volume/cm³	平均直径 Root diameter/mm	单株根尖数 Root tip number per tree
N100	1 816.16±96.19 ab	1 026.71±59.32 bc	10.11±0.64 bc	0.71±0.04 ab	1 956.77±127.66 abc
N80	1 698.52±86.57 ab	908.59±51.24 cd	9.06±0.60 c	0.64±0.04 b	1 821.34±97.90 bc
N60	1 376.74±249.97 b	798.58±76.54 d	8.51±0.67 c	0.61±0.08 b	1 770.25±118.42 c
N60+BC10	2 011.39±172.54 a	1 123.17±67.18 ab	11.71±0.59 ab	0.69±0.07 ab	2 135.66±120.03 ab
N60+BC20	2 023.74±275.73 a	1 218.23±81.25 a	12.37±0.75 a	0.82±0.09 a	2 241.07±128.21 a
N60+BC30	2 018.11±176.41 a	1 213.15±77.77 ab	12.26±0.74 a	0.73±0.06 ab	2 234.76±120.78 a

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	固酸比 Solid-acid ratio	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content/ (mg·L^-1)	单果重 Single fruit weight/g
N100	10.21±0.26 ab	0.46±0.03 ab	22.23±1.10 a	329.66±16.34 ab	79.65±12.26 bc
N80	10.03±0.29 ab	0.48±0.07 ab	21.12±2.34 ab	321.09±15.92 ab	62.47±11.69 bc
N60	9.51±0.17 b	0.53±0.02 a	17.96±0.63 b	313.37±15.54 b	46.13±21.10 c
N60+BC10	10.25±0.51 ab	0.43±0.03 ab	23.88±1.59 a	339.74±16.84 a	92.36±12.71 ab
N60+BC20	10.39±0.12 a	0.42±0.03 b	24.79±1.39 a	338.96±16.80 a	103.25±5.26 a
N60+BC30	10.31±0.21 a	0.44±0.03 ab	23.46±0.99 a	337.48±16.73 a	104.29±5.28 a

减氮配施生物炭对椪柑生长发育与土壤特性的影响

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar application on growth and development of Citurs reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Ponkan’ and soil properties

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主成分	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂
Principal component
1	0.203	0.224	0.212	0.141	0.208	0.210	0.209	0.135	0.217	0.219	0.222	0.213
2	0.272	0.002	0.213	-0.400	0.246	0.232	0.209	0.463	0.167	-0.099	-0.047	0.172
F	0.211	0.200	0.212	0.081	0.213	0.213	0.209	0.172	0.212	0.184	0.193	0.209
主成分	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆	X₁₇	X₁₈	X₁₉	X₂₀	X₂₁	X₂₂	X₂₃
Principal component
1	0.207	0.215	0.225	0.225	0.195	0.225	0.213	0.201	-0.211	0.211	0.224
2	-0.248	-0.138	-0.054	0.024	-0.165	0.036	-0.171	-0.263	0.175	-0.179	-0.069
F	0.157	0.176	0.194	0.203	0.155	0.204	0.171	0.149	-0.169	0.168	0.192

处理 Treatment	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	综合得分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
N100	-1.267	-2.664	-1.359	4
N80	-3.769	-0.437	-3.253	5
N60	-6.117	1.721	-5.023	6
N60+BC10	2.268	0.301	1.961	3
N60+BC20	4.424	-0.243	3.738	2
N60+BC30	4.461	1.322	3.935	1

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主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	累计方差贡献率 Accumulated variance contribution rate/%
1	19.569	85.081	85.081
2	2.429	10.561	95.642

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	累计方差贡献率 Accumulated variance contribution rate/%
1	19.569	85.081	85.081
2	2.429	10.561	95.642