水肥耦合对景电灌区膜下滴灌玉米产量及水肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250037

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1849-1859.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250037

水肥耦合对景电灌区膜下滴灌玉米产量及水肥利用效率的影响

闫沛中¹(), 陈亮²^,³, 张生银⁴, 刘斌¹^,³^,^*()

¹ 甘肃省景泰川电力提灌水资源利用中心, 甘肃景泰 730400
² 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院, 甘肃武威 733006
³ 甘肃农业大学园艺学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
⁴ 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃兰州 730099

收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:*刘斌,E-mail:347582892@qq.com
闫沛中(1968—),男,甘肃景泰人,学士,高级工程师,主要从事农业灌区建设管理与灌溉技术研究工作。E-mail:463621361@qq.com
通讯作者: 刘斌
基金资助:
甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRD0001);甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划项目(22GSLK023)

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling regimes on maize yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency under mulched drip irrigation in Jingdian irrigation district of China

YAN Peizhong¹(), CHEN Liang²^,³, ZHANG Shengyin⁴, LIU Bin¹^,³^,^*()

¹ Gansu Jingtaichuan Irrigation Water Resources Utilization Center, Jingtai 730400, Gansu, China
² Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology, Wuwei 733006, Gansu, China
³ College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
⁴ Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China

Received:2025-01-10 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: LIU Bin

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 发展现代农业节水技术是解决西北干旱地区水资源短缺和提高水资源效率的有效途径。为研究膜下滴灌水肥耦合对景电灌区玉米生长及产量的影响,寻找适宜的水肥运筹方案,特以当地滴灌灌溉量和推荐施肥量为对照(CK),设置3种土壤水基质势[-10 kPa(W1)、-20 kPa(W2)、-30 kPa(W3)]和3种施肥量[推荐施肥量的85%(F1)、75%(F2)、65%(F3)],开展田间小区试验。结果表明,W2F2处理的综合表现最好。该处理下,玉米孕穗期、灌浆期的地上部干物质质量分别较CK显著(p<0.05)提高了13.7%、9.0%,产量为18.23 t·hm^-2,经济收益达42 548元·hm^-2,较CK提高4.9%,水分利用效率、肥料偏生产力分别较CK显著提高12.5%、36.3%,对土壤含盐量无显著影响,可较CK节水24.7%、节肥25.0%。其具体水肥运筹为:全生育期灌水8次,灌溉定额2 880 m³·hm^-2,施肥总量为N 157.5 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 82.5 kg·hm^-2、K₂O 82.5 kg·hm^-2,苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期的施用量分别为20%、30%、30%、20%。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 水肥耦合, 玉米, 水分利用效率, 肥料偏生产力

Abstract:

The development of modern agricultural water-saving technology is an effective way to solve the water shortage and improve the efficiency of water resources in the arid regions of northwest China. In order to study the effect of water-fertilizer coupling of drip irrigation under sub-membrane drip irrigation on the growth and yield of maize in Jingdian irrigation area and to find out a suitable regime, a plot experiment was conducted. The local drip irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate were used as control (CK), and 3 soil water matric potentials [-10 kPa (W1), -20 kPa (W2), -30 kPa (W3)] and 3 fertilizer applicatin rates [85% (F1), 75% (F2) and 65% (F3) of the control] were set. It was shown that W2F2 treatment exhibited the best performance under the experiment conditions. Under this treatment, the weight of aboveground dry matter of maize was significantly (p<0.05) increased by 13.7%, 9.0% than that of CK at the booting, filling period, respectively, the yield was 18.23 t·hm^-2, and the economic income was 42 548 yuan·hm^-2, which was 4.9% higher than that of CK. Besides, the water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of fertilizers under W2F2 treatment were increased by 12.5% and 36.3%, respectively, as compared with the CK, and W2F2 treatment had no significant adverse effect on soil salt content. Compared with the CK, W2F2 treatment could save water and fertilizer usage by 24.7% and 25.0%, respectively. Specifically, the water-fertilizer coupling regime of W2F2 treatment was as follows: 8 times of irrigation during the whole growth period, irrigation quota of 2 880 m³·hm^-2, and input of N 157.5 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 82.5 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 82.5 kg·hm^-2 with a ratio of 20%, 30%, 30%, 20% at seedling, jointing, booting and filling period, respectively.

Key words: mulched drip irrigation, water-fertilizer coupling, maize, water use efficiency, partial factor productivity of fertilizer

中图分类号:

S275.6
S513

闫沛中, 陈亮, 张生银, 刘斌. 水肥耦合对景电灌区膜下滴灌玉米产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1849-1859.

YAN Peizhong, CHEN Liang, ZHANG Shengyin, LIU Bin. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling regimes on maize yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency under mulched drip irrigation in Jingdian irrigation district of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1849-1859.

图/表 9

图1 不同处理的玉米株高同一时期柱上无相同字母的表示处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Plant height of maize under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant (p<0.05) differences within treatments at the same growth period. The same as below.

图2 不同处理的玉米茎粗

Fig.2 Stem diameter of maize under treatments

图3 不同处理的玉米叶面积指数

Fig.3 Leaf area index of maize under treatments

图4 不同处理的玉米地上部干物质累积量

Fig.4 Above-ground dry matter accumulation of maize under treatments

表1 不同处理玉米的产量和经济收益

Table 1 Yield and economic income of maize under treatments

处理 Treatment	经济产量 Economic yield/ (t·hm^-2)	水费投入 Water fee input/ (yuan·hm^-2)	肥料投入 Fertilizer input/ (yuan·hm^-2)	籽粒产值 Grain output value/ (yuan·hm^-2)	经济收益 Economic income/ (yuan·hm^-2)
W1F1	17.53 ab	1 277	2 190	43 825	40 358
W1F2	16.79 b	1 277	1 933	41 975	38 765
W1F3	16.21 b	1 277	1 675	40 525	37 573
W2F1	18.26 a	1 094	2 190	45 650	42 366
W2F2	18.23 a	1 094	1 933	45 575	42 548
W2F3	15.82 b	1 094	1 675	39 550	36 781
W3F1	15.94 b	889	2 190	39 850	36 771
W3F2	14.68 c	889	1 933	36 700	33 878
W3F3	13.31 d	889	1 675	33 275	30 711
CK	17.83 ab	1 454	2 577	44 575	40 544

图5 不同处理的玉米收获指数柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

Fig.5 Harvest index of maize under treatments Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at p<0.05. The same as below.

表2 不同处理的土壤含盐量

Table 2 Soil salt content under treatments

处理 Treatment	播种前土壤含盐量 Soil salt content before sowing/(g·kg^-1)	收获后土壤含盐量 Soil salt content after harvest/(g·kg^-1)	土壤含盐量增长率 Increment of soil salt content/%
W1F1	15.1±1.2 a	21.8±0.9 c	44.37±4.33 d
W1F2	15.4±0.8 a	22.5±1.3 bc	46.10±3.58 cd
W1F3	14.9±1.3 a	22.1±1.6 bc	48.32±2.41 c
W2F1	15.6±0.6 a	22.8±1.8 bc	46.15±3.28 cd
W2F2	15.4±0.4 a	22.6±0.7 bc	46.75±2.54 cd
W2F3	15.5±0.7 a	23.1±1.3 b	49.03±3.26 c
W3F1	15.5±0.3 a	29.4±2.1 a	89.68±3.38 a
W3F2	15.7±1.1 a	28.7±2.4 a	82.80±2.32 b
W3F3	15.1±0.7 a	29.0±1.7 a	92.05±3.18 a
CK	14.8±0.6 a	21.6±1.4 c	45.95±4.46 cd

图6 不同处理的玉米肥料偏生产力

Fig.6 Partial factor productivity of fertilizers of maize under treatments

图7 不同处理的玉米水分利用效率

Fig.7 Water use efficiency of maize under treatments

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水肥耦合对景电灌区膜下滴灌玉米产量及水肥利用效率的影响

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling regimes on maize yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency under mulched drip irrigation in Jingdian irrigation district of China

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