Activation of soybean shell biochar and its adsorption performance for carbaryl

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20220998

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2202-2211.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20220998

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Activation of soybean shell biochar and its adsorption performance for carbaryl

HAN Jing(), ZHU Yiting, ZHENG Chi, MA Lihong, ZHANG Yanan, ZENG Qiuyan, LIU Shuliang, CHEN Shujuan()

College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-07-05 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the utilization of soybean shell and the control of environmental pollution of carbaryl, KOH was used as activator to optimize the preparation conditions of soybean shell activated biochar (A-SBC). The effects of different systems on the adsorption capacity of A-SBC for carbaryl were studied. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics of carbaryl by A-SBC were analyzed. The results showed that the A-SBC obtained by pre-carbonizing the soybean shell at 700 ℃ for 1 h, mixed with KOH at a mass ratio of 1∶2.0, and activation at 750 ℃ for 1.5 h exhibited the best adsorption performance for carbaryl. The adsorption rate and adsorption capacity were 89.63% and 113.28 mg·g^-1, respectively. After activation, the surface of A-SBC was concave, the pores were dense, and the organic functional groups wre reduced. When the pH of the system was 2.0-6.5, the adsorption performance of A-SBC was good, and the maximum adsorption capacity was recorded at the pH value of 5.5. The adsorption capaticy increased with the elevated temperature. The maximium adsorption capacity was found when the ionic strength (NaCl) was 0.01 mol·L^-1. The adsorption of carbaryl by A-SBC was more consistent with the quasi second-order dynamic model. The isothermal adsorption curve was more suitable to be fitted by Langmuir equation, which indicated that this process was mainly chemical adsorption. Thermodynamics test results showed that the adsorption of carbaryl by A-SBC was dominated by hydrophobic interaction and was a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The adsorption performance of A-SBC for carbaryl was excellent, which could provide new ways and new materials for removing carbaryl in water environment.

Key words: biochar, alkali activation, carbaryl, adsorption

CLC Number:

S609.9
X592

HAN Jing, ZHU Yiting, ZHENG Chi, MA Lihong, ZHANG Yanan, ZENG Qiuyan, LIU Shuliang, CHEN Shujuan. Activation of soybean shell biochar and its adsorption performance for carbaryl[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2202-2211.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Effect of biochars on carbary adsorption S-500, S-600, S-700 represent soybean shell biochars produced at 500, 600, 700 ℃, respectively. A-SBC represents the activated biochar from S-700, namely, the activated soybeam shell biochar. Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.

Fig.2 Effect of activation conditions on carbary adsorption by activated soybean shell biochar (A-SBC)

Fig.3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of soybean shell biochar before activation (a, b) and after activation (c, d)

Fig.4 Infrared spectra of soybean shell biochar before and after activation A-SBC* represents the activated soybeam shell biochar produced under the optimized activation conditions.

Fig.5 Adsorption capacity (Q) and adsorption rate (R) of carbaryl by A-SBC under different system conditions Absorption capacity columns (dots) marked without the same letter indicate significant difference at P<0.05.

Fig.6 Dynamic adsorption curves of carbaryl by A-SBC

Table 1 Adsorption kinetics parameters of carbaryl by A-SBC

吸附剂 Adsorbent	准一级动力学模型Quasi first-order dynamic model			准二级动力学模型Quasi second-order dynamic model
吸附剂 Adsorbent	K₁/min^-1	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	R²	K₂/(g·mg^-1·min^-1)	q_e/(mg·g^-1)	R²
A-SBC	0.123 5	115.10	0.904	2.5×10^-3	118.18	0.974

Fig.7 Isothermal adsorption curves of carbaryl by A-SBC

Table 2 Adsorption equilibrium isothermal parameters of carbaryl by A-SBC

θ/℃	朗缪尔方程Langmuir equation			弗罗因德利希方程Freundlich equation
θ/℃	q_m/(mg·g^-1)	K_L/(L·mg^-1)	R²	K_F/[mg·g^-1·(L·mg^-1)^1/ⁿ]	1/n	R²
25	246.61	0.563	0.951	83.61	0.524	0.947
35	255.86	0.701	0.968	96.65	0.520	0.952
45	279.16	1.028	0.940	128.84	0.475	0.834

Table 3 Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of carbaryl by A-SBC

θ/℃	ΔG⁰/(kJ· mol^-1)	ΔH⁰/(kJ· mol^-1)	ΔS⁰/(J· mol^-1·K^-1)
25	-23.671	27.471	172.695
35	-25.386	27.471	172.695
45	-27.445	27.471	172.695

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Activation of soybean shell biochar and its adsorption performance for carbaryl

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