Abstract: In order to develop new substrate materials, optimize matrix formula and substrates quantity for Flammulina velutipes cultivation, effects of substrate formula with different main raw materials of carbon source and supplementary materials of nitrogen source, and bottling bulk density on growth and development of F. velutipes were tested. The results were as follows: Among 7 substrate formulas with different main raw materials of carbon sources, the optimal one was the substrate formula with corn cob as main raw materials of carbon source, mushroom yield and biological efficiency were 150.6 g·bottle^-1 and 51.2%, significantly higher than the other six formulas. The test also found that the substrate formula with beanstalk as main raw materials of carbon source could obtain a more ideal yield of F. velutipes mushroom, indicating that beanstalk had potential value of developing as a new raw material for F. velutipes cultivation. Among 6 substrate formulas with different supplementary materials of nitrogen sources, the highest yield was obtained from the substrate formula with rapeseed cake as supplementary material of nitrogen source, which reached to 186.0 g·bottle^-1, higher than current common substrate formula with wheat bran and rice bran as supplementary material of nitrogen source. The test also found that beer residue was a good supplementary material of nitrogen source for F. velutipes cultivation, but camellia cake was not a suitable supplementary material of nitrogen source for F. velutipes cultivation. Bottling bulk density of substrate had obvious effects on mushroom yield and biological efficiency, the optimal bottling bulk density of substrate was 740 g·bottle^-1.

Key words: Flammulina velutipes, substrate, carbon source, nitrogen source, bottling bulk density, mushroom fruit body, mushroom yield