Optimization of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for production effect of cucumber in sand culture in greenhouse

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.08

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 809-820.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.08

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Optimization of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for production effect of cucumber in sand culture in greenhouse

MA Xinchao¹^,²(), XUAN Zhengying¹^,²^,^*(), TAN Zhanming¹^,², ZHOU Yu³, WANG Xufeng⁴

1. School of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Southern Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
3. Graduate Office, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
4. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-01-11 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth, yield, quality and water and nitrogen utilization of sand-cultured cucumber, a water and nitrogen management scheme for high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality production of sand-cultured cucumbers was formulated. In this study, the Youshengmei fruit cucumber was used as the test material to carry out the water-nitrogen coupling experiment of the sand cultured cucumber. In this experiment, two factors of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate were set, and the quadratic saturated D-optimal design was adopted. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth, yield, quality, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of each treatments, which were affected by irrigation level, nitrogen application rate and its coupling effect in varying degrees. When the upper limit of irrigation was in the range of 65.00%-89.40%, and the amount of nitrogen application was in the range of 623-1 250 kg·hm^-2, the growth of plant was better. In sand culture, the amount of nitrogen application was the key factor to determine the yield of cucumber. Increasing nitrogen application could significantly increase the yield, while excessive nitrogen application and irrigation level would reduce the yield, which conformed to the law of diminishing returns. Higher water use efficiency could be obtained by increasing nitrogen fertilizer and reducing irrigation level. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and too low irrigation level would lead to the decline of nitrogen use efficiency and quality. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal water nitrogen coupling scheme was: the irrigation level was 79.12% (i.e. the upper and lower limits of irrigation with 60.00%-79.12% of the field capacity of the substrate) and the nitrogen application rate was 1 100 kg·hm^-2. Under this scheme, the plant grew healthily and could achieve the goal of high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality agricultural production, which could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and refined management of water and nitrogen of sand-culture cucumber.

Key words: water-nitrogen coupling, sand culture, cucumber, yield, nitrogen utilization rate, multi-objective optimization model, genetic algorithm

CLC Number:

S642.2

MA Xinchao, XUAN Zhengying, TAN Zhanming, ZHOU Yu, WANG Xufeng. Optimization of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for production effect of cucumber in sand culture in greenhouse[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 809-820.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Temperature changes in the greenhouse

Table 1 Design scheme of cucumber water nitrogen coupling test

处理 Treatment	码值方案Code value solution		实际值The actual value
处理 Treatment	灌水水平Irrigation level	施氮量N application	灌水水平 Irrigation level/%	施氮量 N application/(kg·hm^-2)
T1	-1	-1	65	150
T2	1	-1	100	150
T3	-1	1	65	1 250
T4	-0.131 5	-0.131 5	80.20	623
T5	0.394 4	1	89.40	1 250
T6	1	0.394 4	100	917
T7	1	1	100	1 250

Table 2 Effects of water nitrogen coupling on the growth of cucumber in sand culture

处理Treatment	Ph/cm	Ts/cm	La/cm²	Ln	Pw/cm	SPAD
T1	106.65 c	9.34 e	103.66 e	25.67 d	40.28 c	50.58 f
T2	84.05 d	7.75 f	83.07 e	23.00 e	34.90 d	57.33 e
T3	161.97 a	12.75 a	530.80 a	33.00 a	62.95 a	107.38 a
T4	140.62 b	11.19 d	328.99 d	30.17 b	55.02 b	107.33 a
T5	155.53 a	12.05 bc	452.28 b	31.17 ab	56.25 b	87.60 d
T6	154.35 a	12.68 ab	411.74 c	30.33 b	57.68 b	93.90 c
T7	140.97 b	11.45 cd	411.40 c	28.17 c	55.57 b	100.73 b

Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation and ranking of growth of each treatment based on membership function method

处理 Treatment	Ph	Ts	La	Ln	Pw	SPAD	Crv	排序Sort
T1	0.29	0.32	0.05	0.27	0.19	0.00	0.18	6
T2	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.12	0.02	7
T3	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
T4	0.73	0.69	0.55	0.72	0.72	1.00	0.74	4
T5	0.92	0.86	0.82	0.82	0.76	0.65	0.80	3
T6	0.90	0.99	0.73	0.73	0.81	0.76	0.82	2
T7	0.73	0.74	0.73	0.52	0.74	0.88	0.73	5

Fig.2 Effect of water nitrogen coupling on cucumber yield in sand culture in greenhouse

Fig.3 Effect of water nitrogen coupling on water use efficiency of sand cultured cucumber

Fig.4 Effect of water nitrogen coupling on nitrogen use efficiency of sand cultured cucumber

Table 4 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on the quality of sand cultured cucumber

处理 Treatment	Ssl/%	Ssg/%	Ta/%	Sar	Sp/(μg· g^-1)	V_C/(mg· kg^-1)	${NO}_{3}^{-}$ /(mg· kg^-1)	Fn/(μg· kg^-1)	Tp/(μg· kg^-1)	Hd/N	Mc/%
T1	4.37 ab	2.14 a	0.38 a	2.14 a	308.65 bc	117.9 c	176.52 f	1.6 ab	1.8 c	1.74 c	94.60 a
T2	3.50 ab	2.09 a	0.34 ab	1.56 cd	402.09 a	95.1 e	213.70 e	2.0 ab	1.9 bc	1.92 bc	93.50 a
T3	4.70 a	1.83 b	0.24 c	1.56 cd	289.02 bc	136.1 b	325.54 a	1.2 b	1.8 c	2.45 a	95.45 a
T4	3.27 b	1.70 bc	0.34 ab	2.09 a	318.05 b	134.4 b	234.01 d	1.5 ab	2.5 ab	2.24 ab	92.96 a
T5	3.77 ab	1.56 cd	0.24 c	1.83 b	270.78 c	153.2 a	266.66 c	1.6 ab	2.6 a	2.19 ab	95.11 a
T6	3.63 ab	1.56 cd	0.29 bc	1.70 bc	179.60 d	107.1 d	304.47 b	2.3 a	2.9 a	2.16 ab	94.52 a
T7	4.53 ab	1.37 d	0.37 a	1.37 d	296.26 bc	85.6 f	311.36 b	1.2 b	2.4 ab	2.17 ab	93.15 a

Table 4 Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on the quality of sand cultured cucumber

处理 Treatment	Ssl/%	Ssg/%	Ta/%	Sar	Sp/(μg· g^-1)	V_C/(mg· kg^-1)	${NO}_{3}^{-}$ /(mg· kg^-1)	Fn/(μg· kg^-1)	Tp/(μg· kg^-1)	Hd/N	Mc/%
T1	4.37 ab	2.14 a	0.38 a	2.14 a	308.65 bc	117.9 c	176.52 f	1.6 ab	1.8 c	1.74 c	94.60 a
T2	3.50 ab	2.09 a	0.34 ab	1.56 cd	402.09 a	95.1 e	213.70 e	2.0 ab	1.9 bc	1.92 bc	93.50 a
T3	4.70 a	1.83 b	0.24 c	1.56 cd	289.02 bc	136.1 b	325.54 a	1.2 b	1.8 c	2.45 a	95.45 a
T4	3.27 b	1.70 bc	0.34 ab	2.09 a	318.05 b	134.4 b	234.01 d	1.5 ab	2.5 ab	2.24 ab	92.96 a
T5	3.77 ab	1.56 cd	0.24 c	1.83 b	270.78 c	153.2 a	266.66 c	1.6 ab	2.6 a	2.19 ab	95.11 a
T6	3.63 ab	1.56 cd	0.29 bc	1.70 bc	179.60 d	107.1 d	304.47 b	2.3 a	2.9 a	2.16 ab	94.52 a
T7	4.53 ab	1.37 d	0.37 a	1.37 d	296.26 bc	85.6 f	311.36 b	1.2 b	2.4 ab	2.17 ab	93.15 a

Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation and ranking of fruit quality of each treatment based on TOPSIS method

处理 Treatment	$D_{i}^{+}$	$D_{i}^{-}$	Ci	排序结果 Sort result
T1	0.506	0.344	0.405	6
T2	0.413	0.402	0.493	4
T3	0.438	0.447	0.505	3
T4	0.366	0.39	0.516	2
T5	0.358	0.409	0.533	1
T6	0.478	0.372	0.437	5

Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation and ranking of fruit quality of each treatment based on TOPSIS method

处理 Treatment	$D_{i}^{+}$	$D_{i}^{-}$	Ci	排序结果 Sort result
T1	0.506	0.344	0.405	6
T2	0.413	0.402	0.493	4
T3	0.438	0.447	0.505	3
T4	0.366	0.39	0.516	2
T5	0.358	0.409	0.533	1
T6	0.478	0.372	0.437	5

Fig.5 After 60 iterations, yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, comprehensive quality, optimal solution and performance tracking of the overall model

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Optimization of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for production effect of cucumber in sand culture in greenhouse

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