Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241057

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 85-94.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241057

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula

SHI Jing¹^,²(), LI Jianhong³^,^*(), CHU Pengxing³, YU Rui², JIANG Ming², CHEN Guangli², ZHAO Xiaoxia², FENG Li¹^,^*()

1. School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
2. Department of Biological Engineering, Liupanshui Vocational and Technical College, Liupanshui 553000, Guizhou, China
3. School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, Guizhou, China

Received:2024-12-04 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-02-11

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present study, Codonopsis pilosula was selected as the test material. Different application rates of chemical fertilizers combined with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) were set up as treatments, and the changes in growth indicators of C. pilosula, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial communities were determined, to explore the effects of combined application of γ-PGA and chemical fertilizers on the growth of C. pilosula and its potential mechanism. The results showed that compared with the control (CK) without chemical fertilizers and γ-PGA, the T1 treatment with only γ-PGA application had no significant differences in plant height, root diameter, root length, and root dry weight of C. pilosula. However, after the combined application of γ-PGA and chemical fertilizers, the root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of C. pilosula increased significantly (p<0.05) than those of the T1 treatment by 4.10%-21.92% and 2.45%-17.48%, respectively. The combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in the soil, but decreased the soil pH value. Regarding soil microorganisms, the combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers significantly increased the quantities of ammonifiers and aerobic azotobacter in the soil, enhancing the mineralization capacity of organic nitrogen and nitrogen-fixing capacity in soil. In conclusion, the combined application of γ-PGA and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers could promote the growth of C. pilosula by improving soil physicochemical properties, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and optimizing the rhizosphere soil microecological environment.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA), chemical fertilizer, phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), microbial community

CLC Number:

SHI Jing, LI Jianhong, CHU Pengxing, YU Rui, JIANG Ming, CHEN Guangli, ZHAO Xiaoxia, FENG Li. Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(1): 85-94.

Figures/Tables 7

References 52

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处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	根直径/mm Root diameter/mm	根长/cm Root length/cm	地上部干重/g Shoot dry weight/g	根干重/g Root dry weight/g	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	17.54±0.49 d	2.67±0.05 b	24.49±0.42 d	0.262±0.003 a	0.71±0.01 e	2.71±0.02 g
T1	18.68±0.39 bcd	2.84±0.12 ab	25.01±0.56 cd	0.255±0.004 ab	0.73±0.01 e	2.86±0.02 f
T2	18.57±0.51 cd	2.75±0.03 ab	25.90±0.73 bcd	0.259±0.003 ab	0.76±0.01 d	2.93±0.01 e
T3	19.38±0.40 abc	2.81±0.07 ab	26.31±0.24 abc	0.268±0.004 a	0.81±0.01 c	3.02±0.02 d
T4	19.26±0.28 abc	2.83±0.05 ab	26.73±0.28 ab	0.267±0.004 a	0.85±0.01 b	3.18±0.03 c
T5	20.39±0.61 a	2.90±0.04 a	27.64±0.42 a	0.265±0.003 a	0.89±0.01 a	3.36±0.02 a
T6	19.89±0.23 ab	2.84±0.06 ab	27.00±0.06 ab	0.249±0.003 b	0.82±0.01 c	3.29±0.01 b
T7	19.60±0.58 abc	2.84±0.02 ab	26.28±0.92 abc	0.235±0.004 b	0.77±0.01 d	3.28±0.01 b

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Plant height/cm	根直径/mm Root diameter/mm	根长/cm Root length/cm	地上部干重/g Shoot dry weight/g	根干重/g Root dry weight/g	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
CK	17.54±0.49 d	2.67±0.05 b	24.49±0.42 d	0.262±0.003 a	0.71±0.01 e	2.71±0.02 g
T1	18.68±0.39 bcd	2.84±0.12 ab	25.01±0.56 cd	0.255±0.004 ab	0.73±0.01 e	2.86±0.02 f
T2	18.57±0.51 cd	2.75±0.03 ab	25.90±0.73 bcd	0.259±0.003 ab	0.76±0.01 d	2.93±0.01 e
T3	19.38±0.40 abc	2.81±0.07 ab	26.31±0.24 abc	0.268±0.004 a	0.81±0.01 c	3.02±0.02 d
T4	19.26±0.28 abc	2.83±0.05 ab	26.73±0.28 ab	0.267±0.004 a	0.85±0.01 b	3.18±0.03 c
T5	20.39±0.61 a	2.90±0.04 a	27.64±0.42 a	0.265±0.003 a	0.89±0.01 a	3.36±0.02 a
T6	19.89±0.23 ab	2.84±0.06 ab	27.00±0.06 ab	0.249±0.003 b	0.82±0.01 c	3.29±0.01 b
T7	19.60±0.58 abc	2.84±0.02 ab	26.28±0.92 abc	0.235±0.004 b	0.77±0.01 d	3.28±0.01 b

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1) Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
CK	0.26±0.03 h	71.78±0.02 f	0.96±0.03 f	6.41±0.01 a
T1	1.23±0.01 e	150.60±0.02 c	13.37±0.01 c	6.31±0.01 b
T2	3.81±0.02 a	71.70±0.01 g	7.20±0.10 e	5.02±0.01 e
T3	1.19±0.01 f	172.10±0.01 a	11.19±0.02 d	6.14±0.01 d
T4	0.64±0.01 g	64.32±0.02 h	19.51±0.06 b	6.31±0.05 b
T5	2.20±0.01 c	136.45±0.05 d	11.24±0.01 d	6.20±0.02 c
T6	1.78±0.01 d	159.63±0.05 b	62.53±0.02 a	6.48±0.04 a
T7	3.63±0.02 b	114.27±0.06 e	1.00±0.01 f	6.33±0.03 b

处理 Treatment	铵态氮含量/(mg·kg^-1) Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量/(mg·kg^-1) Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
CK	0.26±0.03 h	71.78±0.02 f	0.96±0.03 f	6.41±0.01 a
T1	1.23±0.01 e	150.60±0.02 c	13.37±0.01 c	6.31±0.01 b
T2	3.81±0.02 a	71.70±0.01 g	7.20±0.10 e	5.02±0.01 e
T3	1.19±0.01 f	172.10±0.01 a	11.19±0.02 d	6.14±0.01 d
T4	0.64±0.01 g	64.32±0.02 h	19.51±0.06 b	6.31±0.05 b
T5	2.20±0.01 c	136.45±0.05 d	11.24±0.01 d	6.20±0.02 c
T6	1.78±0.01 d	159.63±0.05 b	62.53±0.02 a	6.48±0.04 a
T7	3.63±0.02 b	114.27±0.06 e	1.00±0.01 f	6.33±0.03 b

处理 Treatment	氨化细菌数量/ (10⁴ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of ammonifiers/ (10⁴ CFU·g^-1)	好气性自生固氮菌数量/ (10³ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of aerobic azotobacter/ (10³ CFU·g^-1)	嫌气性自生固氮菌数量/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of anaerobic azotobacter/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1)	硝化细菌数量/ (10⁵ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of nitrifying bacteria/ (10⁵ CFU·g^-1)	反硝化细菌数量/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1) Quantity of denitrifying bacteria/ (10⁶ CFU·g^-1)
CK	9.54±0.04 d	6.20±0.04 c	0.16±0.01 d	3.55±0.37 c	3.58±0.31 d
T1	43.71±3.45 b	8.79±0.30 c	18.78±0.53 b	31.72±0.11 a	10.08±0.13 d
T2	12.92±0.16 d	6.89±0.46 c	19.96±0.15 b	0.79±0.03 e	192.59±2.11 a
T3	9.54±0.44 d	2.91±0.06 c	2.65±0.04 d	2.05±0.04 d	19.70±0.24 c
T4	3.40±0.35 e	12.27±0.43 c	10.54±0.49 c	14.14±0.15 b	7.73±0.55 d
T5	35.69±0.97 c	11.39±0.61 c	153.53±2.73 a	0.28±0.01 e	154.34±5.21 b
T6	2.09±0.05 e	45.57±0.66 b	13.07±0.59 c	3.64±0.33 c	5.84±0.09 d
T7	86.24±3.87 a	74.95±9.98 a	1.80±0.32 d	3.95±0.34 c	156.20±4.88 b

Effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid coupled with chemical fertilizer on growth of Codonopsis pilosula

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处理 Treatment	各类微生物的FLPA含量FLPA content of different kinds of micrboes
处理 Treatment	革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria	革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria	细菌 Bacteria	放线菌 Actinomycetes	真菌 Fungi	总计 Total
CK	5.38±3.26 b	3.26±0.01 b	14.80±1.14 b	2.51±0.01 f	4.31±0.01 a	21.61±1.13 d
T1	5.41±3.25 b	3.25±0.01 b	15.34±1.17 b	2.52±0.01 f	4.25±0.01 ab	22.77±0.02 c
T2	5.38±3.24 b	3.24±0.01 b	19.17±0.08 a	3.52±0.01 e	4.31±0.01 a	24.06±0.04 b
T3	5.02±3.20 c	3.20±0.05 c	14.99±0.09 b	6.65±0.11 a	4.22±0.01 b	25.85±0.19 a
T4	6.38±3.80 a	3.80±0.01 a	16.42±0.07 b	5.28±0.02 b	3.91±0.02 c	25.61±0.12 a
T5	4.65±2.44 d	2.44±0.02 d	12.15±0.07 c	4.74±0.01 c	2.47±0.02 d	19.37±0.07 e
T6	3.77±2.35 f	2.35±0.01 e	11.04±0.34 c	3.95±0.03 d	2.07±0.04 e	17.06±0.41 f
T7	3.98±2.20 e	2.20±0.01 f	10.84±0.08 c	3.85±0.11 d	1.91±0.04 f	16.60±0.12 f

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