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Mapping QTL for oil content and yield-related traits in Brassica napus L.using immortalized F2 population CHENG Shuang;SUN Zhong-yong;HUANG Ji-xiang;CAO Ming-fu;ZHAO Jian-yi;* 2013, 25(2):  0-212.  Abstract ( 747 )   PDF (1681KB) ( 1213 )   In order to study the genetic mechanism of oil content and yield-related traits in B. napus， an immortalized F2 （designated as IF2） population （134 crosses） was generated by randomly permutated intermating of SG-DH lines. Phenotypic data were collected from four environments. Using updated SG-map and QTL Network 20 mapping program， the QTL analysis for oil content （OIL）， 1000-seed weight （SW） and seeds per silique （SP） were conducted. The genetic effects including additive， dominant and all related digenic epistasis were estimated. The results showed that in total eight major QTL for three traits were identified in seven linkage groups. Except qSWC6 and qSPA2，one QTL for OIL， four for SW and one for SP were all located in the overlapped confidence intervals with that revealed by SG\|DH population，showing similar additive effect and same effect direction. In the loci of qOILA7 and three of SW qSWA7，qSWC2，qSWC4， significant additive without dominant effects were found. While for qSWC6 and qSWC8， both additive and negative dominant effects were detected. However， two major QTL for SP （qSPA2 and qSPA6） showed positive dominant effects beside additive effects. Of eight loci corresponding to four pairs of digenic interactions， seven were marker loci without additive effects involved. The QTL-based selection for increasing oil content by flanking markers of qOILA7 and seed weight through linked markers with qSWA7/qSWC8 was discussed. The results showed that predominant additive effects were observed for QTL of oil content and 1000-seed weight， predicting no heterosis of these two traits in F1 generation. Therefore， to increase the oil content and 1000-seed weight in rapeseed hybrids， the strategy was to breed two parents with high oil content and large seed size first. However， since seeds per silique demonstrated both additive and positively dominant effects， the performance which was better than two parents could be expected in hybrids and might contribute to yield heterosis of F1 hybrids. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of artificial heat processing on transgenic rice detection HUANG Sai-nan;WANG Xiao-fu;XYU Jun-feng;CHEN Xiao-yun;MIAO Qing-mei;LI Yue-ying;* 2013, 25(2):  0-218.  Abstract ( 458 )   PDF (1105KB) ( 1071 )   In order to study the effect of heat processing on transgenic rice detection， four artificial heat process including poaching， hyperthermia， high temperature drying and microwave were employed to deal with three transgenic rice varieties including KF6， KMD1 and TT51-1，which were three prevalent transgenic rice varieties in China. According to the national detection standard， four parameters were selected to detect by PCR method. These results showed that whether the endogenous gene or the inserted exogenous genes were susceptible to the heat process， indicating that the current standard for transgenic rice processed products detection has some limitations. We designed new primers based on the Bt sequence to test the heat processed samples， and the amplification result was better than the standard primers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of wheat breeding parents by SSR markers in southern Zhejiang YUE Gao-hong;CHENG Bao-shan;PAN Bin-rong;LIU Yong-lan;MEI Xi-xue;LUO Li-jun;XYU Li-kui;* 2013, 25(2):  0-224.  Abstract ( 501 )   PDF (702KB) ( 1040 )   To elucidate the genetic diversity of wheat breeding parents in southern Zhejiang province， 88 SSR markers located on 21 chromosomes of wheat were amplified to study the genetic diversity among 48 wheat cultivars. Stable polymorphism could be amplified by 27 out of 88 SSR markers among 48 wheat cultivars. A total of 159 alleles were identified in these varieties. Each of primer pairs could detect 2 to 9 alleles，with an average of 5.89.The PIC value was in the range from 0.117 to 0.850， with the average of 0.652.The genetic similarity coefficients of the 48 wheat cultivars ranged from 0.68 to 1.00， which suggested that the diversity of these 48 wheat cultivars was lower. Furthermore， all the cultivars were classified into 6 groups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient of 0.75 by un-weighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean. The results of grouping can reveal the genetic relationship of cultivars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of spray drying aid on preparing process of dihydroxyacetone feed additive HU Zhong-ce;JIAO Xue-lao;ZHENG Yyu-guo* 2013, 25(2):  0-240.  Abstract ( 453 )   PDF (524KB) ( 1142 )   Dihydroxyacetone is an important intermediate product in the organism metabolic processes， it can participate in the metabolism through the glycolytic pathway， and effectively regulate the relationship between glucose metabolism and fat metabolism. The dihydroxyacetone used in feed additives can effectively improve the biological carcass quality and improve the function of animal body. The effects of the choice and additive mass of drying aid in the process of using spray drying technology to produce dihydroxyacetone feed additives was detected. In order to improve the powder collection rate and the dihydroxyacetone retention， and reduce the water content of the product， we added a certain amount of drying agent to the fermentation broth during the experiment. The results showed that it was suitable to add 60% maltodextrin， 8% β\|cyclodextrin and 4% arabic gum in the feed solution of the spray drying （the solid matter in liquid is for reference）. In this condition， the powder rate of feed additive was 87.4%， the retention rate of dihydroxyacetone was 881%. After storage for 10 months， there was no mildew and no discoloration and the product contained 50.4% dihydroxyacetone， 41.9% drying aid， 5.3% water and 2.4% other compositions． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of housefly maggot meal instead of fish meal on growth performance， textural mechanical properties， serum parameters in Pelodiscus sinensis Japanese strain ZHANG Hai-qi;ZHOU Fan;WANG Wei-ping;XYU Xiao-jun;ZHANG Jian-ren;HE Zhong-yang;* 2013, 25(2):  0-229.  Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (569KB) ( 1283 )   The present study was conducted to compare the effects of housefly maggot meal （magmeal） instead of dietary 50% fish meal on growth performance， tissues textural mechanical properties， serum immunity and antioxidant parameters in juveniles （initial average weight 3 g） of Pelodiscus sinensis Japanese strain. At the end of 9 months feeding trial in greenhouse， the P. sinensis Japanese strain fed with magmeal diet （R group） showed significantly lower specific growth rate than the data observed in the control group （C group） （P<0.05）， however， survival rate in R group was little higher than the C group without significant difference （P>0.05）. Regarding textural mechanical properties， the hardness of muscle and cohesiveness of calipash in the R group decreased significantly when compared with the C group （P<0.05）， but the adhesiveness in muscle increased significantly （P<0.05）. No signicant difference in serum antioxidant parameters or lysozyme activities were found between two dietary treatments， however， the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were enhanced by dietary magmeal substitution. In conclusion， the present study preliminary indicated that magmeal was a potential protein source which could be applied in P. sinensis feed， however， the optimal replacement level for fish meal needs further investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of HSP70 gene segments and their association with laying performance of domestic duck ZENG Tao;LI Guo-qin;WANG De-qian;LI Jin-jun;TIAN Yong;CHEN Li;HUANG Ai-xia;SHI Fang-xiong;*;SHEN Jun-da;TAO Zheng-rong;LU Li-zhi;* 2013, 25(2):  0-234.  Abstract ( 547 )   PDF (872KB) ( 1102 )   The research aimed to seek the mutation sites of HSP70 gene and find the quantitative trait locus which provided a basis for molecular marker-assisted selection. Sixty Jinyun ducks were used as the experimental animals. Partial fragments of duck HSP70 gene were amplified by PCR method. The polymorphisms of the target fragment were detected by the methods of sequencing， and then the least square mean and genetic variance of different genotypes at polymorphic loci were analyzed. The results showed that there were two SNPs （1476（C/T） and 1596（C/T）） in HSP70 gene. The frequencies of CT， TT and CC were 70.00%， 16.67% and 1333% at the C1476T site， but 48.33%， 41.67% and 10.00% at C1596T site， respectively. Association analysis showed that the egg production of genotype CC was significantly higher than genotype CT and genotype TT for laying performance in 1476（C/T） locus （P<0.05）. The 1596（C/T） site showed no significant correlation with laying performance （P>0.05）. The results provided a preliminary theoretical data for molecular assisted breeding of laying duck， but because of the sample was small， it is necessary to increase the sample size for further research and analysis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on relationships between first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata and meteorological factors SHU Su-fang;MAO Jun-xuan;CAI Min 2013, 25(2):  0-251.  Abstract ( 530 )   PDF (382KB) ( 1087 )   Based on the first-lowering dates of Magnolia denudata during 2000 to 2012 and its meteological datas in Jinhua city， the relationships between first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata and meteorological factors. The results showed that: （1） The annual fluctuation of first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata was bigger in Jinhua city， its earliest date was on Feb 12th and the latest date was on Mar 21st. （2）Principal climate factors that influenced the first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata were rainy days and sunshine hours in last February， sunshine hours and mean temperature in January， sunshine hours and mean temperature in February and negative accumulated temperature in January. （3） The prediction model of the first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata was established by multiple linear regression based on the principal meteological factors， which could predict the first-flowering dates of Magnolia denudata with good practical applicability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cluster analysis of local varieties of Chinese cabbage in coastal area of Zhejiang province based on morphological and agronomical trait YYU Shao-hua;LI Lu-feng;YYU Xin-ying;*;SHEN Xiao-lan;PAN Gang-min 2013, 25(2):  0-247.  Abstract ( 582 )   PDF (617KB) ( 1044 )   In this study， the genetic diversity of 22 varieties of Chinese cabbage in coastal area of Zhejiang province was investigated based on 63 morphological and agronomical traits. The results showed that the phenotypic occurrence rate of 33 qualitative traits was up to 69。5%， the variation coefficient of the other 30 quantitative traits was average at 26。2%. The inter\|variety Euclidean distance， based on the qualitative traits， was estimated ranging from 0 to 5。8. The cluster analysis suggested that the 22 Chinese cabbage could be divided into 3 groups. In addition， 3 pairs of varieties were identified highly similar， therefore implying their possibilities of synonym. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aesthetics implication of ice crack and its applications in landscape design LIU Min;ZHENG Ge-wei 2013, 25(2):  0-279.  Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (2265KB) ( 1078 )   It analyzed the aesthetics implication of the traditional ice crack element in formal and implication beauty. Combined with various examples， it demonstrated the characteristics of ice crack application in traditional and modern landscape design. Then a design concept was put forward that the abstract features of the traditional elements with rich cultural connotations could be extracted from the classical gardens， and then be transformated in the aspect of visual， function and significance， so as to create “innovative and Chinese”landscape design. Related Articles | Metrics

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Principal component analysis of ornamental traits in Camellia chekiangoleosa GUAN Yyu-mei;XIE Yun;*;JIN Xi-qin;WU Zuo-chun 2013, 25(2):  0-258.  Abstract ( 446 )   PDF (488KB) ( 1070 )   Ten ornamental characters of 132 Camellia Chekiangoleosas， which were preliminarily selected from Lishui， Zhejiang province， were analyzed by principle component analysis for comprehensive ornamental evaluation of the trees. The results showed that 84.923% information of ten ornamental characters could be condensed into five principle components. The model of ornamental evaluation was established by the contribution proportion of five principal components as the weight coefficient and eigenvectors of correlation matrix of ornamental traits in Camellia chekiangoleosa. Thirty\|five superior trees were finally screened out， with the results similar to the actual performance of practical phenotype． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on biochemical components of Shi Qian Tai Tea from Guizhou YIN Jie;NIU Su-zhen;LIU Jin-ping;SONG Qin-fei 2013, 25(2):  0-261.  Abstract ( 494 )   PDF (351KB) ( 1138 )   The biochemical quality of Shi Qian Tai tea from Guizhou was studied， including contents of polyphenols， amino acids， caffeine， soluble sugar and vitamin C. The composition of the biochemical components in Shi Qian Tai tea fresh leaves and dry tea were analyzed in comparison with Fuding white tea. The results showed that the content of amino acids， caffeine， vitamin C and soluble sugar in Shi Qian Tai tea were significantly higher than Fuding white tea. The content of caffeine， soluble sugar， polyphenols and vitamin C in sample point B were higher than sample point A and C， and the highest vitamin C content in sample point A was as high as 1.13%. The content of polyphenols in Shi Qian Tai dry tea was lower than Fuding white tea， but the content of caffeine， water extracts and vitamin C were significantly higher . Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on ecological landscape planning for Guxian wetland park in Hebi city PEI Wen;JIANG Tao;YANG Fang-rong;LI Peng;Yang Qiu-sheng;* 2013, 25(2):  0-267.  Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (1761KB) ( 1074 )   Combined with the ecological landscape planning for Guxian wetland park in Hebi city， this paper briefly introduced the relative theories about ecological landscape planning of mining subsidence area in coal-based cities and analyzed the importance of wetland park construction in mining subsidence of Hebi city. Then this article discussed the ideas and measures of Guxian wetland park construction in Hebi city based on the core contents of ecological restoration， ecological agriculture planning and compound landscape design to achieve the purpose of optimizing the landscape structure of old areas of Hebi city， improving the surrounding ecological environment and promoting its tourism economic development and finally realizing the sustainable development of wetland park. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on plant dispositon patterns of urban green space in Jieyang using correspondence analysis TANG Hai-rong 2013, 25(2):  0-274.  Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (855KB) ( 1004 )   Through correspondence analysis， statistical data of green-land plants in Jieyang were studied. The results showed that plant landscape diversity will directly affect the plant disposition patterns， then optimizing models of plant disposition in Jieyang area were proposed that plant disposition patterns should be mainly based on native plants， and a variety of plants were used to enrich the landscape configuration， so as to build the regional landscape with local characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Varieties and seasonal characters of pollution microflora in plant tissue culture FANG Li;WANG Lian-ping;RU Shui-jiang;WANG Han-rong* 2013, 25(2):  0-287.  Abstract ( 584 )   PDF (523KB) ( 1161 )   To study the varieties and seasonal characters of pollution microflora in plant tissue culture， the pollutant in Hangzhou and Ningbo plant tissue production workshops in Zhejiang province were monitored. The microbes were separated and purified through culturing on the NA and PDA media. The results showed that bacteria and fungi were the major pollutants. Bacteria accounted for 52.13% covering 9 species， and were mainly from the genus Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Fungi accounted for 43.87% covering 18 species， and were mainly from Aspergillus niger， Cladosporium spp.， Penicillium spp. and yeast. The total pollutants showed a seasonal change， so did fungal and bacterial contamination ratio in plant tissue production. The peak period of pollutant occurrence was in summer and autumn， while in winter and spring pollution occurred rarely. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of caseicin As amino acid sequence alteration on its antimicrobial activity XIE Xiu-zhi;LIU Li-hua;PI Xiong-e;LIU Wei;CHEN Rong-qing;WANG Xin;* 2013, 25(2):  0-283.  Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (381KB) ( 1077 )   Caseicin A is an antimicrobial peptide （ABP） generated through the bacterial fermentation of sodium caseinate， and on the basis of previous studies， it is active against many Gram-negative pathogens and Gram-positive organisms. In order to obtain more active ABP， the amino acid sequence of Caseicin A was rearranged. Our results showed that the changes of amino acid sequence would cause the alteration of antimicrobial activity， but the influence was different on different tested bacteria. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of FonSIX6 deletion mutant of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveurn TANG Ning-an;NIU Xiao-wei;ZHANG Yue-jian;SHOU Wei-song;FAN Min;* 2013, 25(2):  0-292.  Abstract ( 489 )   PDF (1661KB) ( 1121 )   During the interactions between plant pathogen and host plant，the pathogen secretes effector protein to suppress host defenses. Fusarium wilt is a fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum，the fungus secretes several effector proteins into the plant xylem to promote virulence. These effectors are small molecular cysteine\|rich proteins and called SIX（secreted in xylem）proteins， and the SIX6 was one of them. Fusrium wilt of watermelon was a pathogenic fungus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveurn（Fon）.To understand the function of FonSIX6 during infection，the flanking region of FonSIX6 was cloned and the deletion mutant vector of FonSIX6 with hygromycin was constructed as a selectable marker. The constructed gene deletion vector was transferred into Agrobacterium stain AGL\|1 and then FonSIX6 deletion mutant was obtained by Agrobacterium\|mediated transformation system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on detection of Pythium splendens by LAMP ZHANG Hui-li;DUAN Wei-jun;ZHANG Ji-hong;WANG Jiang-ling;XYU Ying;CHEN Xian-feng* 2013, 25(2):  0-308.  Abstract ( 473 )   PDF (982KB) ( 1023 )   Pythium splendens is one of entry plant quarantine pests in China. This study established a rapid and sensitive method to detect P. splendens by using loop\|mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP）. A set of 6 primers was designed specifically to recognize the ITS region gene of P. splendens. The LAMP reaction mix was optimized. Reaction temperature and time of the LAMP assay were also optimized at 63℃ for 60 min. Specificity test results showed that these primers were specific for detection of P. splendens. Sensitivity test results showed that the detection limit of this LAMP assay was 0。12 ng·μL-1， which was 100 times higher than conventional PCR. The results of the LAMP reactions were visualized by adding SYBR Green Ⅰ to the reaction tube that can simply be judged by the naked eye. This LAMP-based assay is rapid， sensitive and specific detection of P. splendens， and the only equipment needed for the amplification reaction is a regular laboratory water bath. Thus， we concluded that the LAMP assay can potentially be used for rapid diagnosis in field conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and evaluation of pesticide residues in surface soils and grapes from main grape-producing areas of Xuzhou city QIANG Cheng-kui;FENG Wu-jian;HU Chang-xiao;WANG Sheng-yong;ZHOU Bao-ya;WANG Song-song;QIN Yue-hua;* 2013, 25(2):  0-297.  Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (592KB) ( 1087 )   The characteristics of pesticide residues in soils and grapes from 3 areas （TSMC， FXSL and SNGZ） of Xuzhou city were studied. The pesticide residues were detected， and the security indexes were analyzed. The results showed that cypermethrin， carbofuran， flusilazole and metalaxyl were detected in TSMC and SNGZ surface soils， but carbofuran was not found in FXSL surface soil. The average detection rates of cypermthrin， metalaxyl， flusilzaole and carbofuran were 100%， 95.83%， 62.63% and 45.70%. Cypermethrin， aldicarb sulfone and carbofurn were detected in TSMC grape， but carbofuran was not found in grapes from the other two areas. The average detection rates of cypermthrin， aldicarb sulfone and carbofurn from different producing areas were 100%， 50% and 20%. IFS andIFSof pesticide residues in grapes from 3 producing areas were less than 1. It was suggested that there were some differences in the detection rates of pesticide residues in surface soils and grapes from 3 grape\|producing areas， and the levels of pesticide residues in surface soils could meet the first grade standard of GB 15618－1995. Pesticide residues in grapes from 3 producing areas all exceeded the requirement of the standard. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the relationship between dwarf level and yield in rices infected with black-streaked dwarf disease CAO Kui-rong;ZHU Jin-liang;FENG Jin-xiang;TAO Xian-guo;ZHONG Xue-ming;SUN Xiang-liang;* 2013, 25(2):  0-302.  Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (521KB) ( 1101 )   Plant height of the rice infected with rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV） varied significantly in different developing periods of black-streaked dwarf disease. Based on the correlation， five types of diseased plants were divided according to the different levels of plant height. Production per plant， effective tiller number， spike length， empty grains rate and thousand kernel weights of diseased rice plants were determined. Using the DPS software， the correlations between each value of parameters above and the type were analyzed; and values between different types were compared. The results showed that production per plant， effective tiller number， spike length and thousand kernel weights reduced as the dwarf increased while empty grains rate increased. Furthermore， significant differences were showed among different types of diseased rice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on preparation and bioactivities of berberine mixtural formulation LING Shi-peng;ZHOU Xiao-jun;WU Jian-xiang;WAN Li-fang 2013, 25(2):  0-314.  Abstract ( 637 )   PDF (621KB) ( 1143 )   To clarify the bioactivities of the botanical substances against pathogens， the antibactierial effects of ethanol extracts of the bark of Chinensis Phellodendron， Melia azedarach， Rheum palmatum， et al. and their mixtures were studied. The results showed that the bioactivity of 0.5% berberine AS was highest to many fungi. It was also found that 0.5% berberine AS had high toxicities against some vegetable pathogenic fungi, slight toxicities against people and livestock and low biological toxicity to environment. All the efficacies of 0。5% berberine AS diluted to 400 times against Sphaerotheca fuliginea， Phytophthora capsici and Jclerotinia sclerotiorum， were above 75% in the field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer on the control of verticillium wilt and yield and quality of eggplant production HU Qing-fa;MA Jun-wei;FU Jian-rong;JIANG Li-na;WANG Rong-fu;*;SUN Wan-chun;* 2013, 25(2):  0-318.  Abstract ( 437 )   PDF (467KB) ( 1086 )   Several field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer， which used calcium cyanamide as a key component， on the control of verticillium wilt and yield and quality of eggplant production. The results showed that the multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer could effectively control verticillium wilt and increased the eggplant yield by 34.6%-45.6% as compared to the common chemical fertilizer. The multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer increased the shoot height and stem thickness of eggplant plants as well as the weight and length of single fruit. Moreover， the contents of vitamin C and crude protein of eggplant in the multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer treatment were higher， but crude fiber content was lower， than those of treatments with common chemical fertilizer. Besides， the multifunctional medicinal-fertilizer significantly alleviated soil salinity accumulation and soil acidity declination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nitrogen application rates， rice cultivars and light on canopy leaf SPAD readings in rice WANG Hua;LI Jin-wen;JIANG Ji-ping;FEI Pin-pin;YANG Jing-ping* 2013, 25(2):  0-324.  Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (611KB) ( 1173 )   SPAD meter can be used to determine the nitrogen rates in rice production， but it is easily influenced by many factors. This paper studied the effects of nitrogen rates， cultivars and light on the SPAD readings in rice canopy. SPAD reading in the rice canopy changed regularly and showed three “up-down” stages during the rice growth period， and was influenced by nitrogen rates and rice cultivars. With the growth of rice canopy， the difference in SPAD reading between the upper and lower leaf became greater， especially between the first and other position leaf. The difference between the upper and lower position leaf decreased as the N rates increased. SPAD reading in rice canopy differed in rice cultivars responding to the light gradient. Therefore， when the SPAD meter was applied to determine the nitrogen fertilizer amount and percent in rice growth period， different SPAD thresholds should be used on the basis of rice cultivars. In addition， the difference of SPAD reading between the upper and lower leaf could also be used as an indicator to guide the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and nutrition absorption of sorghum under different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer levels WANG Xiao-wei;ZUO Nan-nan;JIN Hai-ru* 2013, 25(2):  0-332.  Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (594KB) ( 1032 )   Arbuscular mycorrhiza （AM） was innoculated to the host plant （sorghum） and grown in three compartment pot culture system. With addition of different supply levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer into the mycelium compartment， the aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on sorghum growth and nutrition absorption ability. The results showed that the arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization rate reached 70%; the innoculation increased the dry matter and chlorophyll content， and significantly increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of sorghum. In the innoculation of sorghum， the nitrogen content was increased significantly with the increasing N levels， while decreased with the increasing P levels. When in the treatment of 4 mmol·L-1 nitrogen and 001 mmol·L-1 phosphorus （N2P1）， the plant total nitrogen content was the highest. The phosphorus content was increased with the increasing N and P levels， when in the treatment of 4 mmol·L-1 nitrogen and 0。1 mmol·L-1 phosphorus （N2P2）， the plant total phosphorus content was the highest. Wherefore the nutrition absorption of AM fungi was affected by the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of potassium application amount on yield and quality of cauliflower JIANG Zong-qing;CAI Zhi-ling;XIE Ji-xian;SHI Jin-min;LI Xiang-qian;SHI Jyu-qin 2013, 25(2):  0-327.  Abstract ( 650 )   PDF (342KB) ( 1046 )   Experiments with different potassium application amounts were carried out on cauliflower to investigate the optimal potassium application amount for cauliflower with high yield and quality in local sandy soil area. The results showed that there was significant difference in yield and quality of cauliflower in different potassium application treatments. The yield and quality of cauliflower significantly increased when applied with potassium; however， the contents of nitrate and nitrite markedly increased and the nutrition elements such as Vc， Zn， Fe and Ca decreased， which caused the yield reduction and poor quality. In the local sandy soil area， the suitable potassium application amount of cauliflower was about 420 kg·hm-2． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of application of different novel synergistic urea on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice LI Chao-ying;JI Xiao-jiang;WU Chun-yan* 2013, 25(2):  0-338.  Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (587KB) ( 1228 )   A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different novel synergistic urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of high-yielding rice variety （Mingzhu No. 2） on marine\|fluvigenic yellow loamy paddy soil in North Zhejiang in 2011. The results showed that rice grain yields in the treatments of common urea and seaweed urea were increased with increasing N rates， but for the treatments of humic acid urea and amino acid urea， the highest yields was obtained in the treatments of medium N rates （180 kg N·hm-2）. Total N uptake rates by rice aboveground followed the order: seaweed urea （253.5 kg N·hm-2）＞humic acid urea （242.1 kg N·hm-2）＞common urea （236.8 kg N·hm-2）＞amino acid urea （230.8 kg N·hm-2）. Total N uptake rates and N demand amounts per 100 kg rice grain increased with increasing N rates， while dry matter production efficiency， rice grain production efficiency， N harvest index， N use efficiency， and internal N use efficiency were decreased with increasing N rates. Rice grain yields were fairly correlated with N demand amounts per 100 kg rice grain， dry matter production efficiency， grain production efficiency， N use efficiency， internal N harvest index （P<0.05）. In this experiment condition， N fertilizer rate of 3 kinds of novel synergistic urea should be controlled at 180 kg N·hm-2， at which novel synergistic urea could obtain greater increased yield effect than common urea. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary analysis of the atmospheric circulation type of rainstorm events in Jiangsu Province QIN Cheng-yun;WU Hong-jun;TANG Jie;FENG Yang;XIA Wang-ping 2013, 25(2):  0-346.  Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (2110KB) ( 1107 )   Using the precipitation data at 64 stations of Jiangsu province during 1960—2008 and the reanalysis data of The National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center For Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR）， the pattern of typical rainstorm and the anomalies of associated atmospheric circulation were analyzed from EOF pattern of 500 hPa geopotential height. The results showed that there were three types of circulations through EOF method， the type with two ridge and one trough， zonal type and the type with two blocking， in the rainstorm events. Further analysis were performed on the current day and the day before at 500 hPa， 700 hPa height field， 850 hPa wind field and sea level pressure field in the various types of rainstorm. The results were as follows: （1） For the rainstorm type with two ridges and one trough， there was broad Lake Baikal groove at 500 hPa height field. The two ridges and one trough situation were even more obvious and stepped groove at 700 hPa height field， and the contour of height field was intensive. There was abundant watervapor at 850 hPa height， and there was a low pressure in Sichuan at the sea level pressure field eastward developing into inverted trough. Usually， this type could result in rainstorm for one day. （2） For the zonal type rainstorm， there was straight circulation， small multi\|trough， strong southwestern airstream and contour sparse at 500 hPa height field. There was wind speed and wind direction convergence at 850 hPa height in Northern Jiangsu. This type easily led to more large\|scale persistent regional rainstorms. （3） For the rainstorm type of two blocking， there were two blocking at 500 hPa high field. The low trough system in Lake Baikal area was deep， and the slot line was divided into north and south. The small trough at mid\|latitude was active at 700 hPa height field and the transfer of water\|vapor at 850 hPa height field was clear. This type easily led to persistent rainstorms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the separation and purification of linoleic acid from Carya cathayensis Sarg. oil by urea adduction fractionation CHEN Li-min;GAO Hai-yan;CHEN Hang-jun;*;FANG Xiang-jun;MU Hong-lei;LIU Daqun 2013, 25(2):  0-353.  Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (705KB) ( 1057 )   Both single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize conditions for purification of linoleic acid from Carya cathayensis Sarg. oil by urea adduction fractionation. Effects of adduction temperature， time， the ratio of fatty acid and urea and the ratio of methanol and urea on the purity and yield of linoleic acid were investigated. The results showed that the optimal purification conditions were the ratio of fatty acid and urea （m/m） at 0.3， the ratio of methanol and urea （V/m） at 2.5， adduction temperature at -5℃， and adduction time of 24 h, in which content of linoleic acid in Carya cathayensis Sarg. oil increased from 23.80% to 80.73%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Working process of Codex Alimentarius in Canada ZHENG Wei-ran;WANG Yan;CUI Ye-han;YANG Gui-ling;WANG Qiang 2013, 25(2):  0-358.  Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (518KB) ( 991 )   Standards of Codex Alimentarius Commission （CAC） play an important role in the global food regulatory agencies as well as in worldwide food trade. Canada has been involved in the developing process of Codex standards with mature organization and working process. So it is necessary and meaningful for China to further study Codex Alimentarius. In this article， we introduced the organization and working process of Codex Alimentarius and provided some suggestions for the improvement of Codex Alimentarius in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation and forecast of farmland microclimate based on BP neural network of forestry project JIANG Ping;LIU Yong;* 2013, 25(2):  0-364.  Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1087 )   It is an important aspect to evaluate the ecological benefits of forestry projects. Using observed seasonal meteorological data of April， July and October （2010） in different density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Yanqing county， Beijing， we established the BP neural network model and MLR model for stereoscopic hydrothermal space of the forest edge-farmland and forest-farmland. The possibility of quantitatively evaluating and forecasting the farmland microclimate by these models were studied. The results showed: （1） The precision of forest edge-farmland BP neural network model was higher than that of forest-farmland BP neural network model in congregate microclimate-gradient （CMG）；（2） The observed-simulated correlation （OSC） of forest edge-farmland BP model was higher than that of forest-farmland BP model during the whole growing season; while the higher OSC of forest edgefarmland MLR model only occurred in October， but forest-farmland MLR model had the higher OSC in April and July. （3） The precision order of these two types of forest edge-farmland model followed as July > October > April; The forest-farmland BP model of density Ⅱ had the highest precision in April， but forest-farmland BP model of density Ⅰ was the highest in July and October. The precision of forest-farmland MLR model of density Ⅱ remained highest during the whole growing season. （4） The BP neural network model had high precision with few parameters， and was able to extrapolate when enough observed data were provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on power consumption of air-and-screen cleaning device LI Yuan-fu;ZHANG Yi-feng;* 2013, 25(2):  0-372.  Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (307KB) ( 1041 )   In order to study the impact law of power consumption of air-and-screen cleaning device， the fan rotational speed， fan rake angle and crank rotational speed were taken as the experimental factors， and power consumption as the evaluation index. Rice cleaning test was carried out on the cleaning test-bed. The regression model was built, and the main cause of affecting the power was analyzed and provided as the basis for design and manufactory of air-and-screen cleaning device． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pulsed electric field on Rhizoctorzia solani FENG Xue-bin;YIN Wen-qing*;WANG Ying-ying;ZHANG Mei-na 2013, 25(2):  0-369.  Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (774KB) ( 1120 )   Principle of pulse electric field （PEF） pasteurization was discussed and the distribution of the PEF in culture fluid was analyzed through simulation， the simulation results showed that pulse widths of the PEF time domain waveform in culture fluid were narrowed at different degrees. Peak of the PEF was higher and penetrating was better when the input pulse rising edge was steeper. Effects of PEF sterilization on Rhizoctorzia solani were studied， liquid of Rhizoctorzia solani diluted to 10-4 were processed in the coaxial treatment chamber with different amplitudes of the electromagnetic pulse （EMP， a frequency of 2.5 Hz） and different action duration. The experiments showed that PEF pasteurization effect could be enhanced by extending the work time when the pulse amplitude was lower; when the amplitude was higher， the main influence factor of PEF pasteurization was the pulse amplitude while it was not very meaningful to extend the work time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data collecting and processing system for intelligent agricultural vehicle based on layered structure TIAN Guang-zhao;AN Qiu;JI Chang-ying*;GU Bao-xing;WANG Hai-qing;ZHAO Jian-dong 2013, 25(2):  0-378.  Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (795KB) ( 1067 )   A data collecting and processing system was designed based on layered structure in order to meet the need of multi\|sensor data collecting for intelligent agricultural vehicle. The system was divided into 5 layers which included device layer， collecting layer， communication layer， data layer and data processing layer. Each of the layers was designed independently and provided some interfaces for neighbor layers. Normalized comprehensive distance algorithm （NCDA） was firstly used to reject abnormal data and mean filter was used to restrain noise data in data processing. Experiments showed that navigation data could be collected correctly and in real\|time. All of the sensors worked well. CAN bus protocol was reasonable. Layered structure was feasible. Abnormal data was rejected and noise data was restrained because of NCDA and mean filter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data collecting and processing system for intelligent agricultural vehicle based on layered structure TIAN Guang-zhao;AN Qiu;JI Chang-ying*;GU Bao-xing;WANG Hai-qing;ZHAO Jian-dong 2013, 25(2):  0-378.  Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (795KB) ( 1000 )   A data collecting and processing system was designed based on layered structure in order to meet the need of multi\|sensor data collecting for intelligent agricultural vehicle. The system was divided into 5 layers which included device layer， collecting layer， communication layer， data layer and data processing layer. Each of the layers was designed independently and provided some interfaces for neighbor layers. Normalized comprehensive distance algorithm （NCDA） was firstly used to reject abnormal data and mean filter was used to restrain noise data in data processing. Experiments showed that navigation data could be collected correctly and in real\|time. All of the sensors worked well. CAN bus protocol was reasonable. Layered structure was feasible. Abnormal data was rejected and noise data was restrained because of NCDA and mean filter. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on long-term mechanism of serving the new rural construction by local undergraduate universities PAN Yyu-feng 2013, 25(2):  0-391.  Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (864KB) ( 1071 )   “Serving the society” is the third function of universities besides scientific research and personnel training. In the process of building a new socialist countryside， universities shoulder unshakable historical responsibility. In this paper， through the analysis of local universities social service function， the present situation and the existing problems of serving the new rural construction by local undergraduate universities were elaborated， and the content and requirement of long-term mechanism of serving the new rural construction were put forward in order to promote social functions of the local undergraduate colleges in the new situation， and to improve and enhance the new direction of serving the new rural construction for the local undergraduate universities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on governments functions in the process of mountainous areas characteristic agricultural modernization—based on the experiences of bayberry modernization in Xianju County KE Fu-yan 2013, 25(2):  0-385.  Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (959KB) ( 1043 )   The governments functions， especially its economic functions， play a key role during the process of agricultural modernization. The mountainous areas own the natural advantages to develop characteristic agriculture. Improving the modernization of characteristic agriculture is the most important way for the local farmers to get rich and develop agriculture. In fact， the modernization process of characteristic agriculture in mountainous areas was lagged in China. Thus， it becomes a hot topic about how to bring the governments roles and functions into play scientifically to develop characteristic agricultural modernization fast. This paper took the process of bayberry modernization in Xianju mountainous county in Zhejiang province as an example. As a result， it was founded that the governments functions in creating new developmental concept， policy guiding， supporting science and technology and improving traffic conditions played the most important roles in the process of characteristic agricultural modernization for the mountainous areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Accessibility evaluation of rural tourism destination—A case study of 7 typical areas in Liuzhou， Guangxi ZHENG Wen-jun 2013, 25(2):  0-398.  Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (881KB) ( 1086 )   Accessibility is the main impact factor of rural tourism decision\|making behavior， and accessibility evaluation is the most important basis of sustainable development of rural tourism destinations. Based on the comprehensive characteristics of accessibility of rural tourism destinations， the accessibility evaluation system containing 17 evaluation factors was constructed by 4 element layers which contained external accessibility， internal admission， economic accessibility and information accessibility. Then accessibility of 7 typical rural destinations in Liuzhou was analyzed by using the method of gray correlation analysis. The results showed that the accessibility of rural tourism destinations ranking results from high to low was Jingquan Leisure Farm， Sun Village， Xialun Village， Cormorant Island，Chengyang Eight Stockade， Zhongdu Ancient Town， Dragon\|girl Valley. Related Articles | Metrics

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Talents restriction and crack in scientific and technical innovation of agriculture LIU Hong-yin 2013, 25(2):  0-403.  Abstract ( 443 )   PDF (598KB) ( 1043 )   The agricultural talent of science and technology is the leading force of agricultural modernization. By the way of empirical analysis， the findings showed the agricultural comparative disadvantages and the pushing and pulling forces between industries functioned together and the agricultural capability in recruiting talents was not strong. Agricultural household decentralized management caused inadequate effective demand of agricultural scientific and technical talents， further the serious brain drain. The way of cracking talents constraints was to implement the national agricultural scientific and technological talent planning in medium and long term， set up “the two wheel driver” training mechanism， adjust the interest distribution pattern， implement high\|level talents propulsion engineering，and guide college graduates to the agricultural regression and practice a farmers lifelong career education and etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of educational level of farmers on their family income—A case study in 13 cities and counties in Gansu province LIU Yan-mei;DUAN Xiao-hong* 2013, 25(2):  0-409.  Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (897KB) ( 1051 )   In order to clarify the relationship of the educational level of farmers and their family income， the random survey was used to analyze the survey results from 13 cities and counties in Gansu province. Furthermore， the effect of educational level of farmers on their family income was investigated by using Mincer model with logarithmic model. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between the educational level and family income， but the correlation coefficient was not very high， which was mainly due to the regional differences. When the educational level reached junior high school degree， the family income will be significantly improved， and the higher the educational level the more obvious increase of the family income. The wages income of rural households reached the peak when the education years were 16.46 years． Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of the effect of biomass charcoal on soil environment and crop growth JIANG Yyu-ping;YANG Xiao-feng;ZHANG Zhao-hui;CHEN Chun-hong;WANG Liang-jun* 2013, 25(2):  0-415.  Abstract ( 514 )   PDF (618KB) ( 1787 )   Here we reviewed biomass charcoals properties， the effect of biomass charcoal on soil environment and crop growth. Biomass charcoal can increase soil carbon storage capacity， improve the soil pH value， besides， it has a high surface area， high nutrient retention capacity， and high water retention capacity due to its porous structure. In a certain amount of carbon， it can increase the soil anion， cation exchange capacity， reduce nutrient loss， and change soil microbial abundance and community degradation of soil pollutants. Moreover， we reviewed the effects of biomass charcoal on crop fertilizer and fertilizer efficiency mechanism， to a certain degree， it can generally increase crop biomass and yield. Thus， adding the biomass carbon to soil can not only improve soil fertility， but also increase carbon sequestration time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on pollution and behavior of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems ZHANG Ming-kui;XYU Qiu-tong 2013, 25(2):  0-424.  Abstract ( 591 )   PDF (951KB) ( 1251 )   Antibiotics are used in large quantities for veterinary purposes or to promote the growth of animals， and can be excreted as their parent compound and/or metabolites and thus may be released to the environment by grazing animals on pasture or by the spreading of manure to land. The antibiotics may also affect human and environments by the ways of transfer and spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Biologically activity of the veterinary antibiotics and their metabolites induced by application of manure and slurry in soil environments can be kept for a long time. Therefore， the presence of veterinary medicines in the agricultural environments may be a cause for concern. While the promotion of antibiotic resistance in naturally occurring pathogens is the major concern， other issues associated with antibiotics in the environment have recently gained attention. Reorganization of the residue， transfer pattern， and phytotoxicity of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems is very important for understanding environmental behavior of the antibiotics and ensuring food safety. In this paper， sources and residue of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural soils， uptake behavior of veterinary antibiotics by crops， effects of veterinary antibiotics on soil microorganisms， adsorption of veterinary antibiotics by soil compounds， and transformation and transfer of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems were reviewed. Further researches about behavior of veterinary antibiotics in agricultural systems are suggested. Related Articles | Metrics