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Rapid culture method for barley anther and effect of genotype difference in anther culture response HUA Wei;SHANG Yi;JIA Qiao-jun;WANG Jun-mei;ZHU Jing-huan;LIN Feng;GU Yyu-kun;YANG Jian-ming* 2013, 25(3):  0-430.  Abstract ( 669 )   PDF (1380KB) ( 1107 )   Barley anther culture is one of the technologies for haploid breeding， and is also the foundation for studying barley gene transformation. In this paper， barley anthers were pretreated by mannitol and then were cultured in the induction medium and regeneration medium， and a lot of regenerated plants were formed. Using this method， the effect of anther culture with pretreatment for 4 d and 5 d on 10 barley hybrid combinations was compared， the results showed there was no significant difference in pretreatment 4 d and 5 d， the high frequency of green plants yield was all obtained. We also compared anther culture response of 25 barley hybrid combinations using this method， and we found there was significant difference in different hybrid combinations， the frequency of responding anther and the frequency of regenerated green plants were highly correlated with the frequency of green plants yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on hot-spot QTL associated with yield of barley JIA Qiao-jun;WANG Jun-mei;ZHU Jing-huan;HUA Wei;SHANG Yi;YANG Jian-ming* 2013, 25(3):  0-449.  Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (1288KB) ( 1117 )   Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world. It was reported that barley yield is quantitative in nature and many yield QTLs have been identified in different populations. Based on the barley consensus map， its yield QTLs can be alignment from different mapping populations. The clustered QTLs in the semi\|dwarf， photoperiod sensitivity， vernalization and powdery mildew resistance mlo gene regions reveals hot-spots for barley yield. Their effects on yield are commonly explained by pleiotropic effects. The semi-dwarf genes are involved in barley development， while photoperiod and vernalizator are the key factors determining flowering time of barley. The final yield is the product of multiple growth and development processes that occur throughout the barley life cycle. Thats why so many genes have direct and indirect effects on barley yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effects of bast fiber film in hard disk seedling of mechanical-transplanting early rice JIN Guan-rong;XYU Shao-cai;MAO Guo-fu;WANG Jun-wei;CHEN Chang-li;LUO Xia-hong;ZHU Guan-lin;ZHANG Jia-qiang;* 2013, 25(3):  0-434.  Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 951 )   The seedling quality and the yield of mechanical-transplanting early rice under different seedling\|raising ways （bast fiber film as base cloth liner in hard disk seedling or for the upper cover materials） were studied. The results indicated that the effects of bast fiber film as base cloth liner in hard disk seedling or for the upper cover materials on seedling quality of mechanical\|transplanting rice were significant. In those two treatments， the seedlings were stocky and the root system developed well， the seedling height decreased， root intertwisting ability increased， the root dry weight increased and root\|shoot ratio increased. The bast fiber film as base cloth liner in hard disk seedlings promoted the indexes including root length， surface area， branch number， crossing number， and number of root tips. Compared with the control， the yield in the treatment of the bast fiber film as base cloth liner in hard disk seedlings were increased remarkably. Therefore， The bast fiber film as base cloth liner in hard disk seedlings or for the upper cover materials were worthy to be extended in larger area in rice production. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of NaCl on DNA damage in leaves of Morus alba ZHANG Wei;LIU Yan;JI Dong-feng;SHEN Wei-feng;LIN Tian-bao;ZHU Yan;MENG Zhi-qi*;LYU Zhi-qiang* 2013, 25(3):  0-438.  Abstract ( 551 )   PDF (1200KB) ( 1006 )   DNA damage of mulberry（Morus alba） leaf detected by RAPD marker technology could be used as a reference for evaluating the salt tolerance of mulberry. After treated by 02% and 04% NaCl solution for 8 weeks， mulberry genomic DNA was isolated for RAPD assay. After using 16 RAPD primers to amplify the genomic DNAs of three samples， 59 clearly distinguishable bands were obtained， 3.69 bands per primer on average. Calculation with Ntsyspc 2.1 software displayed that the genetic similarity coefficients between DNAs from different treatments were in the range of 03662-0.5476. The result of dendrogram showed that the samples treated with 0.2% and 0.4% NaCl solution were clustered into one group， and the normal sample was clustered into one group. These results showed that NaCl concentration has positive correlation with DNA damage of mulberry leaf， and the degree of DNA damage in mulberry leaf can be an effective reference of selecting salt\|enduring mulberry varieties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of the protective enzymes and protective substances of Fagopyrum dibotrys under enhanced UV-B radiation and drought stress LU Xiang;ZHANG Yi-feng* 2013, 25(3):  0-455.  Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 1039 )   This paper is about the influences of enhanced UV\|B radiation in simulation and drought stress on the protective enzymes and protective substances of Fagopyrum dibotrys， and so as to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation for F. dibotrys. We took experiments of potted plants， we mensurated the SOD activity， POD activity， total flavonoids contents， free proline contents and soluble protein contents of F. dibotrys under different drought stress and UV\|B radiations. The results showed enhanced UV\|B radiation can increase SOD activity， total flavonoids contents and free proline contents of F. dibotrys under adequate water condition. In the early and late stages of the treatment， POD activity of F. dibotrys was increased by enhanced UV-B radiation. In the early and late stages of the treatment， soluble protein contents of F. dibotrys was increased by enhanced UV-B radiation. In conditions of drought stress， enhanced UV-B radiation increased SOD activity of F. dibotrys in the middle stage of the treatment while decreased it in the early and late stages of the treatment. In the late stage of the treatment， enhanced UV-B radiation increased POD activity， free proline contents and soluble pro-n contents of F. dibotrys. In conditions of drought stress， F. dibotrys reduced the adverse effects by regulating protective enzyme system and protective substances， the enhanced UV-B radiation improved the resistance of F. dibotrys to drought stress to some extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low temperature and isoproturon on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat in tillering stage KONG Zhi-you;QIN Peng;*;LIU Ye-jyu;YANG Yan-fei;LIU Xin;ZHAI Xyu-ming 2013, 25(3):  0-442.  Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1185KB) ( 1031 )   The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low temperature and isoproturon with different concentrations on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat in tillering stage. Dianmai 11-04 was treated with 0，3.0，6.0，9.0 g·L-1 isoproturon， and SOD activity， POD activity， soluble protein content， MDA content， proline content， relative electric conductivity， and O.2 producing rate were determined. The results showed that wheat was more injured with the increasing of isoproturon concentration and the decreasing of temperature， and the physiological injury of wheat caused by isoproturon led to the increasing of membrane permeability and decreasing of SOD activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genomic DNA extraction and RAPD system optimization of grape WU Hong;GAO Ke-li;QYU Liang-pu;CHANG Yong-yi;* 2013, 25(3):  0-502.  Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (1859KB) ( 1022 )   Using a modified CTAB method， genomic DNA was isolated from 22 grape cultivars and their integrality were analyzed. Content and dosage of template， primer， dNTPs， Mg2+ and Taq DNA polymerase were selected by single factor five level tests and the optimum RAPD systems for grape were established. The total reaction volume was 25 μL containing 40 ng·μL-1 template DNA， 2.0 mmol·L-1 MgCl２， 0.8 mmol·L-1 dNTP， 1 U·μL-1 Taq DNA polymerase， 0.8 μmol·L-1primers. The appropriate PCR procedure was 94℃ 4 min， l cycle; 94℃ 45 s， 37℃ 55 s， 72℃ 80s， 40 cycles; 72℃10 min. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of embryogenic suspension cell line of rice lesion mimic mutant spl5 JIN Yang;WANG Yue;YYU Shi-ying;CHEN Xi-feng;MA Bo-jun* 2013, 25(3):  0-460.  Abstract ( 581 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 1023 )   Lesion mimic mutant is a powerful tool to study the mechanisms of cell death and disease resistance. This study established a suspension-cell line of spl5， a rice lesion mimic mutant. For spl5 mutant， the optimum concentration of 2，4-D was 2 mg·L-1 in callus induction and the ideal embryogenic suspension-cell line， from osteoporosis type Ⅱ embryogenic callus， was achieved after cultured 3-4 months in suspension medium. After FDA-PI staining， the suspension-cell line of spl5 mutant showed high viability， and could be used in the further study on the mechanism of cell death and interaction with pathogen in spl5 mutant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism of FSHβ gene and its association with the reproductive traits in different breeds of pigs DAI Li-he;HU Jin-ping;CHU Xiao-hong;XYU Ru-hai;LU Fu-zeng;WENG Jing-qiang;HUANG Shao-zhen 2013, 25(3):  0-466.  Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 1079 )   The polymorphism of follicular\|stimulating hormone beta subunit （FSHβ） gene， which was considered to be a major candidate gene for reproductive traits， was detected in 906 pigs from 8 different breeds， and the effects of different genotypes on reproductive traits， including total number born （TNB）， number born alive （NBA） and gestation length， were analyzed by the least square analysis. The results showed that there was almost only A allele in Jiaxing black pig， Bama miniature pig，Jinhua pig and Bamei pig， and B was the major allele in American Duroc and Shengxian pig， while only in Yorkshire， Landrance and Taiwan Duroc the A and B allele frequencies were in an equilibrium distribution. The results of association analysis showed pigs with AA genotype had 0.94 day shorter gestation length than AB genotype （P<0.01） in primiparity sow of American Duroc pigs. The total number born and number born alive of pigs with AB genotype was 2.27 and 2.31 more than BB genotype respectively（P<0.05） in pluriparity sow of Landrace pigs. In general， there were various effects of different genotypes of FSHβ gene on reproductive traits of different breeds or lines of sows， with the shorter gestation length with BB genotype in primiparity sow of American Duroc and Yorkshire pigs， and the more total number born and number born alive with AB genotype in pluriparity sow of Landrace pigs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lactic acid on development of digestive enzyme in piglets FENG Shang-lian;ZHU Jian-jin;SUN Yue-ying;LYU Jin-hui;GUO Hong-bing;JIANG Hong-jin 2013, 25(3):  0-479.  Abstract ( 428 )   PDF (1257KB) ( 1235 )   Abstract: Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of lactic acid on development of digestive enzyme in piglets. 144 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets were divided into 3 groups randomly， the control（basal diet），basal+3 g·kg-1 lactic acidifier and basal+6 g·kg-1 lactic acidifier， and the experiment lasted for 28 days. On the 7th， 14th and 28th day of experiment， 9 pigs were slaughtered， gastric and duodenal contents were taken out， duodenum and jejunum were taken for tissue slice， the intestinal mucosa was scraped for determination of enzyme activities. The pH and buffer value of feed were determined before animal trial. The pH of gastric and duodenum content， pepsin activity of gastric content， tripsin activity of duodenum content， disaccharidase activity of small intestinal， height of intestinal villus， and mucosa disaccharidase activity were determined on the 7th，14th and 28th day of trial. Results showed that supplement of lactic acid decreased pH of feed and gastric content， increased the pepsin activity of gastric content; increased the tripsin activity of duodenum content and disaccharidase activity of small intestinal; increased height of duodenum and jejunum villus; increased mucosa activity of disaccharidase. The results indicated addition of lactic acid improved the development of digestive enzyme， and promoted growth performance of pig via improvement of gastric and small intestinal development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and preliminary evaluation of the rapid diagnostic strip to detect the bovine antibody against Schistosoma japonicum LU Fu-zhuang;YYU Guo-qiao;ZHOU Yyu;YANG Ai-guo;FU Yuan;GU Yun;DONG Guo-dong 2013, 25(3):  0-474.  Abstract ( 527 )   PDF (1310KB) ( 1000 )   In order to establish a rapid method to diagnose bovine schistosomiasis， a diagnostic strip to detect the bovine antibody against Schistosoma japonica was trial-produced based on using rabbit anti-bovine IgG labelled with red latex as an immunoprobe， using soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japomicum and goat anti\|rabbit IgG as a test line and control line， respectively. A series of studies were conducted to evaluate the application values of the strip. The results showed that the titer of the strip was 1∶2. The sensitivities to detect the 40 sera from cattle which had been infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae for 28 days and 35-49 days were 20% （2/10－detected positive reaction simple number/detected simple number） and 100% （30/30）， respectively. The specificity to examine the health bovine sera was 100% （20/20 －detected negative reaction simple number/detected simple number）， and no cross reaction was found when the sera from Orientobilharziasis， Fasciolosis and Trypanosomaisis cattle were detected. To check up on the positive sera from schistosomiasis cattle which had been confirmed by stool hatching test for examining Schistosoma japonicum miracidium， the negative and positive coincidence rates between the strip assay to stool hatching test was all 100%， and the negative and positive coincidence rates between the strip assay to IHA was all 100%， too. The strip assay had excellent repeatability firmed by intra-and inter-batch assay. The validity duration of the strip which was stored in 2-8℃ was 15 months. When the strips were detected the sera prepared from cattle in different periods after infecting Schistosoma japonicum cercariae and curing with praziquantel， it was found that the schistosomiasis antibodies were early detected in all bovine sera on 35 d after infecting cercariae， and the schistosomiasis antibodies disappeared on and after 112-168 d after being cured. Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification and antibody preparation of rBLS recombinant protein from swine Brucella DU Zhi-qiang;CHENG Jia;WANG Jian-ying* 2013, 25(3):  0-482.  Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 949 )   The swine Brucella BLS molecule was the study object in this paper. Through the purification and polyclonal antibody preparation，the immunogenicity of the recombinant rBLS molecule was studied. The results showed that the Brucella BLS molecule possessed the better antigen nature，and it could stimulate rabbit to produce antibodies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on shade\|tolerance of twelve indoor hanging plant species by using several indexes such as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters GE Ya-ying;TIAN Dan-qing;YYU Xin-ying;YYU Yong-ming;PAN Gang-min;LIU Xiao-jing 2013, 25(3):  0-487.  Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (1669KB) ( 1119 )   To investigate the shade\|tolerance of indoor hanging plants， several physiological and biochemical indexes， such as the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters， growth increment， specific leaf area， leaf water content， chlorophyll content were determined in 12 indoor hanging plant species under 3 differential shade conditions. This study did principal component analysis of various indicators， and then the method of membership function was used to analysis the ordering of plant shade tolerance in 12 hanging species. The results showed that indexes such as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly different under differential shade conditions， shade\|tolerance of 12 hanging plant species from strong to weak order was Columnea cv. Yellow， Hoya Carnosa cv. Variegata， Aeschynanthus cv. Milk mouth， Aeschynanthus cv. Variegata， Columnea cv. Guangzhou， Ficus pumila cv. Variegata， Columnea cv. Long Zhu， Scindapsus Aureun cv. Golden， Aeschynanthus cv. Upright， Aeschynanthus cv. Round leaves and red flowers， Aeschynanthus cv. Cui Jin， Columnea cv. Orange. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of chromium stress on the growth and chromium accumulation in Chinese cabbage seedlings under solution culture WANG Wu-hong;ZHONG Xin-min*;LI Bi-yuan;YUE Zhi-chen 2013, 25(3):  0-497.  Abstract ( 439 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 1047 )   A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate difference in growth and chromium （Cr） accumulation in 4 varieties of Chinese cabbage seedlings under different concentrations of Cr （0，50，100 μmol·L-1）.The results showed that fresh weight of all varieties decreased with the increase of Cr concentrations， and was significantly lower than the control. Moreover， the inhibition rate of fresh weight in variety Zhebai 8 was the lowest （50%） in treatment of 100 μmol·L-1Cr; Zhebai 6 and Zaoshu 5 were sensitive to Cr concentrations， and their inhibition rates were more than 70%. Under different concentrations of Cr， dry matter accumulations of 4 varieties in shoot were lower than their respective controls. In addition to the variety Shuangnai， whose dry matter gradually decreased with the increase of Cr concentration， the other varieties followed the trend of first decreased and then increased. In addition， under different concentrations of Cr， chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b values of leaves of 4 varieties were lower than their respective controls. With the increase of Cr concentration， chlorophyll a/b value of all varieties were in the trend of first decreased and then increased， and change of chlorophyll content among the varieties was different. With the increase of Cr concentration， Cr content in 4 varieties shoot was significantly higher than their respective controls， which of Shuangnai and Zhebai 8 was lower. The tolerance indexes of 4 varieties shoot under Cr stress were less than 1， and they were lower than their respective controls. With the increase of Cr concentration， the tolerance indexes of all varieties showed different trends. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the tissue culture and germplasm innovation of Gasteria armstrongi varieg WANG Yan;XYU Gang;WANG Yi-ting;MU Hao-jie;LYU Yong-ping;CHEN Zhi;CHEN Jian-ping* 2013, 25(3):  0-491.  Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (1374KB) ( 1103 )   Taking the young scapes of Gasteria armstrongi varieg. as explants， the regeneration of their adventitious shoot and germplasm innovation were performed in this preliminary study. Calli induced on MS +4.0 mg·L-1 6-BA +03 mg·L-1 IBA medium were cultured for differentiation on MS media supplemented with various concentrations of 6-BA and NAA， and the MS+001 mg·L-1 NAA was the appropriate medium. Three types of adventitious shoot could be regenerated from calli， and the induction frequency of chimeric ones was 1477%， which could behave autotrophic growth normally. The results demons.rated that the regeneration of adventitious shoot via chimeric callus could bring about new type chimeras， which might be a new feasible and efficient method for germplasm innovation in plant chimeras. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects on different substrates on growth of pot-planted Primula saxatilis LIU Jiang;PAN Hui-tang;ZHANG Qi-xiang;* 2013, 25(3):  0-514.  Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (1216KB) ( 1018 )   An experiment was conducted to investigate the cultivation effects of coir dust， perlite and vermiculite with different proportions on growth and development of Primula saxatilis in order to improve pot\|planted P. saxatilis cultivation types and reduce its dependence on peat in soilless culture. The results showed that the indices （plant height， crown diameter， leaf number， the amount of growth， chlorophyll content） responsed differently to substrates. Combined with the multi-index evaluation， results indicated that the physical and chemical properties in these two treatments with different volume ratios of coir dust/perlite/vermiculite as 1∶1∶2 and 2∶1∶2 met the general requirements for growing media. P.saxatilis in those treatments showed strong growth rate and dark green leaves， also with good flowering quality， and the comprehensive performances of growth and development were superior to that in the control. Those mixed substrates could be used as substitutes for peat as soilless growing media for P. saxatilis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue culture of shoot tip of three peach rootstocks MA Chang-nian;*;ZHANG Hui-qin;*;XIAO Jin-ping;ZHANG Chen;SHI Zhi-jun;XIE Ming;** 2013, 25(3):  0-508.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (1201KB) ( 1049 )   Tissue culture was carried out by using peach stems of Zhenxuan NO.1， Dongxixiaoxiantao and Maotao as the external plants. Effects of different sterilization methods， base media， kinds and concentration of phytohormone on the primary culture， multiplication culture and rooting culture of shoot tips of three peach rootstocks were studied. The results showed that the most optimal sterilization method for primary culture was sterilization with 75% alcohol for 30 s or 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 min， in which condition the higher survival rate of the bottom part of explants was found. The MS medium added with 0.5 mg·L-1 6\|BA and 0.2 mg·L-1 IBA was most optimal for the primary culture of Dongxixiaoxiantao and Zhenxuan NO.1， whose survival rate was 73.33% and 76.67%， respectively. The MS medium added with 1.5 mg·L-1 6\|BA and 0.2 mg·L-1 IBA was suitable for the multiplication culture of Maotao and Zhenxuan NO.1. The MS medium added with 2.0 mg·L-1 6\|BA and 0.5 mg·L-1 IBA was suitable for multiplication culture of Dongxixiaoxiantao. The 1/2 MS medium was the most suitable medium for rooting culture. The 1/2 MS medium added with 1.0 mg·L-1 IBA was optimal for rooting culture of Maotao and Zhenxuan NO.1， and 1/2 MS medium added with 0.5 mg·L-1IBA was suitable for Dongxixiaoxiantao. Related Articles | Metrics

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A primary study on distribution and variability of PWL gene family in Magnaporthe grisea MU Hui-min;JIANG Hua;MAO Xue-qin;CHAI Rong-yao;WANG Yan-li;ZHANG Zhen;WANG Jiao-yyu;QIU Hai-ping;DU Xin-fa;SUN Guo-chang;* 2013, 25(3):  0-532.  Abstract ( 512 )   PDF (1319KB) ( 1082 )   PWL gene family belongs to the host\|specific resistance avirulence gene， which is an important avirulence gene in Magnaporthe grisea. To understand distribution and variability of PWL family in rice blast fungus was useful for the genetic diversity research of Magnaporthe grisea， however， there was few studies on the distribution and variability of host-specific avirulence PWL family genes in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. We designed 23 pairs of primers to character the distribution and variability of PWL gene and screened 12 pairs of specific primers of PWL family genes which have specific amplifications. Our results showed that the main mutation mechanism of PWL family genes was deletion. The PWL1 gene existed only in the strains isolated form Eleusine， while the corresponding locus of strains isolated from rice was completely missing; in contrast， PWL2 gene was only in the strain isolated from rice. Insertion mutation existed only in the upstream region of PWL4 gene. Our results suggest that PWL family genes has a rich amplified polymorphic and has a good basis for population genetic diversity analyses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endemic and rare species of Berberis Linn. and their protection value in Guizhou province YYU Mei-ling;HAN Guo-ying;*;ZHU Hong;CHEN Qian 2013, 25(3):  0-519.  Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 934 )   Seven endemic species of Berberis Linn. belonging to the family Berberidaceae， which are Berberis bicolor H. Léveillé， B. guizhouensis T. S. Ying， B. pingbaensis M. T. An， B. tsienii T. S. Ying， B. weiningensis T. S. Ying， B. xanthoclada C. K. Schneider and B. ziyunensis Hsiao & Z. Y. Li， were reported in Guizhou province. B. bicolor H. Léveillé， recorded in China Species Red List， is regarded as rare and endangered species and should be protected as a high priority. B. pruinosa Franchet and B. cavaleriei H. Léveillé were excluded from the checklist of Guizhou endemic plants. The medicinal value and distribution area of the endemic and rare species of Berberis Linn. in Guizhou province were also described. A new checklist of Berberis Linn. in Guizhou province， including 44 species and one variety， was given in this paper; moreover， the problems existing in the genus were analyzed and discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of land fertility and suggestions for grain functional zone in municipal districts of Ningbo WANG Fei;ZHOU Zhi-feng;QIN Fang-jin 2013, 25(3):  0-547.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (1271KB) ( 1024 )   This paper evaluated land fertility in grain functional zone in municipal districts of Ningbo. The results showed that the land fertility in grain functional zone was good. The first and second grade farmland accounted for 86% and 14% of the total investigation area， respectively. But there also existed that the content of soil available phosphorus was not balanced and the soil was acid， or the soil total water-soluble salt was high， or the soil texture was partial sticky in parts of the field. According to the status of its soil fertility， some suggestions on fertilization and amelioration were put forward with pertinency， in order to provide reference for guaranteeing the grain production safety effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of soil soluble salt content on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber SONG Ke;XYU Si-xin;LUO Guo-an;YAO Zheng* 2013, 25(3):  0-597.  Abstract ( 557 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 1037 )   Pot experiment with soil in greenhouse was employed to investigate the effect of soil soluble salt content on seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber. The results were as follows: the germination percentage， germination index and vigor index of cucumber seeds were not affected by soil soluble salt lower than 3 g·kg-1. Meanwhile， germination percentage， germination index and vigor index of cucumber seeds decreased， when soluble salt content was more than 3 g·kg-1. The seeds almost didnt germinate， when soluble salt content was more than 10 g·kg-1. For seedlings， fresh weight， height， stem diameter and root length were not affected， and the contents of MDA， soluble sugar and proline didnt change significantly， when soil soluble salt content was lower than 3 g·kg-1. When soil soluble salt content was more than 3 g·kg-1， fresh weight， height， stem diameter and root length decreased gradually， and the contents of MDA， soluble sugar and proline of seedlings increased rapidly. There was a significant negative relationship between the germination index of cucumber seeds and the content of soluble salt in soil or soil conductivity， which showed that the condition of germination or seedling growth of cucumber could be forecasted by determination of soil soluble salt content and soil conductivity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of temperature on development， reproduction and population growth of Drosophila melanogaster ZHANG Zhi-jun;LI Wei-di;BEI Ya-wei;ZHANG Jin-ming;QI Xing-jiang;LYU Yao-bin;* 2013, 25(3):  0-525.  Abstract ( 1005 )   PDF (1222KB) ( 1581 )   The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen，is an important pest for berry，such as Chinese berry，in China. Temperature is a key determinant for the stable establishment of pest population. In order to know the effects of temperature on the population growth of fruit fly，we investigated the development，survivorship and reproduction of D. melanogaster at 15，20，25，30 and 35℃，and calculated the parameters of population growth under different temperature condition. No D. melanogaster individual developed into adult at 35℃. The development rate increased significantly with temperature rising，the average developmental duration from egg to adult stage was about 41 d at 15℃，while the shortest was about 7 d at 30℃. The adult longevity was evidently shortened with temperature rising，the average lifespan of female and male was 70 and 80 d at 15℃，while the shortest was only 30 d at 30℃. The differences of fecundity （total number of eggs produced by individual female） were not significant between 20 and 30℃，with the values of 138.85 and 137.97 respectively，which were all lower than that of eggs （375.4 eggs produced by individual female） at 25℃. The parameters of population growth ［the intrinsic rate of increase （rm） and net reproductive rate （R0）］ were the highest at 25℃，with the values of 1.021 and 55.10 d-1 respectively，while those were only 0.189 and 36.67 d-1 at 15℃，respectively. From these results we concluded that temperature has great effect on the development of D. melanogaster，and the most suitable temperature for this pest is 25℃，during which there are higher intrinsic increase rate. The development threshold temperature of D. melanogaster was estimated to be 12.8℃ and the effective accumulated temperature for development was 1233 degree-days. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of strain 518 and biocontrol properties and separation of its secondary metabolites LI Xiao-long;WANG Chao;GUO Jian-hua* 2013, 25(3):  0-542.  Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (2352KB) ( 1222 )   Strain 518 was identified as Paecilomyces lilacinus through morphological and molecular identification. Products of its liquid fermentation could inhibit the tomato grey mould，Botrytis cinerea，and promote the development of tomato plant， Solanum lycopersicum. After solid state fermentation，four compounds were separated and identified，i.e. ergosterol，D\|mannitol，3β，5α，6β-trihydroxyergosta-7，22-diene （cereviosterol） and beauvericin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of gamma-ray irradiation as a phytosanitary measure on growth, development and survial of Tetranychus cinnabarinus WU Qing;LIN Wen-cai;WANG Bing-kui;QI Wen-yuan;XIONG Li-dong;WEI Jian-ying;CHEN Jin-yue 2013, 25(3):  0-536.  Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1195KB) ( 1013 )   The effect of gamma irradiation on the growth and development of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was studied and a series of gamma radiation doses ranging from 95 to 1 650 Gy were treated on the eggs， nymphs and female adults. The results showed irradiation doses between 250 and 1 650 Gy could obviously affect the growth and development of their eggs， nymphs and female adults. A treatment of 330 Gy irradiation prevented eggs from hatching. Although an irradiation dose of 330 Gy could not directly kill nymphs and female adults within 3 days， it could make nymphs and female adult completely infertile and prevent their reproduction. An irradiation rate of 330 Gy is suggested as the minimum dose （Dmin） for phytosanitary measure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on bulblet growth and physiological characters of Lilium brownii 2013, 25(3):  0-602.  Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 1017 )   With the bulblets of Lilium brownii as materials， the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with different concentrations on various morphological and physiological characters of bulblets of L.brownii in soilless substrate culture was studied. The results showed that the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 500-1 500 mg·L-1 obviously promoted the growth of L.brownii， while improving its chlorophyll content， root activity， soluble protein， soluble sugar and starch contents. The optimum concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for L.brownii growth was 1 500 mg·L-1. The bulblet weight， root weight， leaf weight was 66。29%， 138。92%， 71。17% higher than the control， respectively; and the chlorophyll content， root activity was 35。25%， 198。10% higher than the control. The soluble protein content， soluble sugar content and starch content of bulblets was 18。10%， 40。81% and 10。26% higher than the control， respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on environmental fate of metazachlor in soil CAI Xiao-ming;ZHANG Chun-rong;DING Ya-hui;WU Min;HE Hong-mei;HU Xiu-qing;ZHAO Hua;LI Zhen* 2013, 25(3):  0-560.  Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (1233KB) ( 1019 )   To provide a scientific basis for environmental risk assessment of metazachlor，the environmental fates of metazachlor，including photodegradation，volatilization，absorption，mobility，degradation in soil，were studied according to "Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides". Results showed that photolysis and volatilization were not important fate of metazachlor on soil surface; metazachlor was moderate to highly mobile in soil and did not adsorb strongly to solid matrices; the half-life of metazachlor in soil varied depending on soil types and environmental conditions （aerobic and anaerobic in water），and was estimated to be 4-96 days. However，metazachlor has the potential to pollute ground and surface water due to its relatively high mobility and long half-life in clay. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of spatial differentiation and driving force of construction land expansion of the suburban areas in big city-A case of Shunyi，Beijing ZHAO Ting-ting;ZHANG Feng-rong;*;DU Ying;JIANG Guang-hui 2013, 25(3):  0-554.  Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1757KB) ( 1103 )   Based on the land utilization maps of 1996， 2002， 2009， this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation and resources of the construction land expansion and driving forces， with Mapgis6.5， Arcview3.3 and SPSS11.5， in two successive phases from 1996 to 2002， 2002 to2009. The results showed that the expansion speed of townland， traffic land and special land use in the recent period was quicker than the early period， on the contrary， the rural residential area， independent land used for industry and mining was declining. The resources of the construction land expansion came from all the other land use types， and contributive rate of farmland was 61.40％ that was the highest. The pattern that the expansion level of Chaobai riverfront and western district is higher， while the expansion level of eastern district is lower. The three cluster centers appeared were Tianzhu， Houshayu and Nanfaxin airport economic circle in southwestern area， major towns of Zhaoquanying and Gaoliying in northwestern area， and Olympic Business Circle in the middle and upper reaches of Chaobai River. The main driving forces of the high level expansion region were in sequence of per capita net income， output value per hectare of the enterprises of villages and small towns， urban-rural income disparity; the main driving forces of the middle level expansion region were in sequence of urban-rural income disparity， population density; the main driving force of the low level expansion region was urban-rural income disparity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of soil heavy metal contamination in vegetable bases of Yiwu city LI Chao-ying;JI Xiao-jiang;MAO Hong-rui;ZHOU Wei-ming;WU Chun-yan;* 2013, 25(3):  0-566.  Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 1155 )   The pollution status of soil heavy metal in 12 vegetable bases of Yiwu city， Zhejiang， China was evaluated by using single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index methods. The results showed that average contents of soil heavy metal in 12 vegetable bases were as follows: Cd: 036 mg·kg-1， Zn 279.02 mg·kg-1， C r 62.93 mg·kg-1， Cu 5.16 mg·kg-1， Hg 0.28 mg·kg-1， and As 2.14 mg·kg-1. Among the 7 heavy metal studied，the variation coefficients of As and Hg were the greatest （110%）， followed by Cd， Zn， Cr， and Cu （60%-94%）， and the lowest was Pb （28%）. The average single pollution index of soil heavy metal of the soils in 12 vegetable bases followed the order: Cd （1.01） > Hg （0.81） ≈ Zn （0.80） > Cu （0.33） > Cr （0.29）> Pb ≈ As （0.10）. Soil samples at the soil heavy metal levels of safe， warning， and slight pollution accounted for 33.3%， 25.0% and 41.7% of total soil samples， respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that parts of the soils in the vegetable bases of Yiwu city have been slightly polluted by heavy metals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of planting years on microbial community and functional diversity of greenhouse vegetable soils WANG Yang*;WANG Qi-zan 2013, 25(3):  0-576.  Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (2182KB) ( 1243 )   The variation characters of ecological and genetic diversity of soil microbial community in greenhouse vegetable soils under different planting years in Ruian were analyzed by traditional physical and chemical analysis， microbial cultivation method， Biolog microbial automatic analyzer and PCR\|DGGE method, in order to investigate the effect of long\|period cultivation under greenhouse on the features of soil microbial community. The results showed that with the planting years increased， the soil total salt content and pH were remarkably increased， but the soil organic content decreased. The ecology functional diversity of soil microbe changed remarkably，as well as the community and function. The gene function diversity of the total bacteria didnt significantly change， but diversity of the predominant species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria changed remarkably and the diversity became relatively simple. The ammonia oxidizing archaea was less affected by the fertilization method，vegetation and environmental factors，such as the pH of soil. With the planting year extended， the diversity of ammonia oxidizing archaea did not decrease, but showed increasing trend. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cerium application on aniline wastewater degradation by Azolla filiculoides Lamk and Salvinia natans SHAO Bo 2013, 25(3):  0-581.  Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (1252KB) ( 939 )   Azolla filiculoides Lamk and Salvinia natans as the floating aquatic plants were selected as the experimental materials，through the static water control experiment，their purification effect with application of rare earth cerium on removing paranitroanilinum，2， 4-dinitroaniline and 3-nitroaniline were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the two plants were both effective on removal of the three aniline compounds in the water. The trace rare earth element cerium can promote the degradation of three aniline compounds by Azolla filiculoides Lamk and Salvinia natans， among which application with 5 mg·L-1 cerium solution was most effective for Azolla filiculoides Lamk on three aniline compounds， showing the degradation rate of 89.60%， 89.86% and 89.69%， respectively. However， the inhibitive effect appeared under high concentration of cerium. In general， the removal effect of Azolla filiculoides Lamk on three aniline compounds was superior to Salvinia natans. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and analysis on effectiveness of high standard basic farmland fertility construction in Jiaxing city HUANG Jin-fa;NI Xiong-wei;SHI Yan-ping* 2013, 25(3):  0-586.  Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (1193KB) ( 1192 )   According to the standard of Technical Specifications and Classification of Standard Farmland Fertility Survey in Zhejiang province， evaluation and classification of the standard farmland quality as well as the promotion project of standard farmland quality were carried out based on exploring soil fertility quality of standard farmland. The project area of promoting standard farmland quality in Xiuzhou， Jiashan， and Pinghu county was 40156 hm2. The straw returning into the field， increasing rate of commercial organic fertilizer， soil testing and fertilizer formulation， deep plowing， adjusting soil acidity， improvement of farmland irrigation were applied to these farmland in 2009. Effectiveness of farmland fertility improvement was evaluated after 2 years. The results of the assessment showed that the area proportion of first-class standard farmland （integrated fertility index above 0.80） was increased from 0 in 2009 to 65.9% in 2011. The integrated fertility index of the farmland below first-class standard farmland was increased by 0.04-0.10. The paper discussed the technical problems of the promotion project of standard farmland quality. The construction goal of the high standard farmland in Jiaxing city should be the first-class field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chinese milk vetch decomposing on soil available nutrient dynamic changes and yields of single season rice WANG Jian-hong;CAO Kai;ZHANG Xian 2013, 25(3):  0-592.  Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1221KB) ( 1080 )   Effects of decomposing and ploughing Chinese milk vetch （CMV） under soil on growth and yield of succeeding single-season rice were studied. Available N，P and K in the soil，together with the rice yield，in the soil with 75 000 kg·hm-2 decomposed CMV as the only manure were detected. The results showed that the nutrients released from decomposed CMV could differentially affect the dynamic changes of N，P and K releasing in soil without succeeding single-season rice，i.e. P in no more than 20 d，N in about 120 d，and K in about 150 d. After planting with single-cropping rice，nutrient-sorption by the root had a significant effect on available K and N content，but not on available P content. Compared to using no chemical fertilizer in the field，planting CMV and using the decomposed substances as the only manure in the field could significantly increase the yields of straw and rice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different pig manure applying period on phosphorus accumulation in paddy soil ZHU Guo-hua;SHEN Zhong-ming;TENG Ming-yi;CHEN Wen-hai;JIN Guo-lin;QIAN Yi-fan;* 2013, 25(3):  0-613.  Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 985 )   According to the measurement and comparison of phosphorous（P） contents in different depths of the paddy soil applied with different years （0 a， 5 a， 10 a） of spreading manure，the study clarified the characteristics of P accumulation and loss in the paddy soil under the influence of different manure. It was showed that P accumulated in the soil easily， most of which accumulated in the upper part of the 0-40 cm soil and infiltrated from the surface layer migration gradually. P content increased as the increasing of fertilization years. And with the increasing of P content， the capacity of soil phosphorus supply improved while the risk of release P to water increased as well. Therefore， in order to avoid the loss of P element in the soil and to mitigate agricultural pollution， it is necessary to suggest that 5 years should be considered as a continuous interval to apply manure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of combinations of fungi residue and chemical fertilizer on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaf and grain yield in rice ZHENG Ning;MA Jia-wei;WANG Xyu-dong;YE Zheng-qian;LI Tian-zhu;MAO Qi;WU Xiao-hua 2013, 25(3):  0-608.  Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 1163 )   In order to investigate the effect of edible fungus residue application with chemical fertilizer on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaf and grain yield of rice， a pot experiment was carried out including 9 treatments with different proportions of edible fungus in combination with chemical fertilizers. The changes in photosynthetic rate and SPAD index of flag leaf during grain filling period as well as grain yield were also analyzed. The results were as follows: During the grain filling period， the highest SPAD index was observed in the treatment with 100% chemical fertilizer and 100% edible fungus residue， while the highest photosynthetic rate of flag leaf was in the treatment with 100% chemical fertilizer and 50% edible fungus residue. In addition， the highest grain yield was found in treatment with 100% chemical fertilizer and 100% edible fungus residue. As a result， application of edible fungus residue in combination with chemical fertilizers could improve the leaf photosynthesis of rice during grain filling period， at the same time the grain yield was also increased. Related Articles | Metrics

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High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of clonidine and cyproheptadine in pork liver CHEN Qi-huang 2013, 25(3):  0-629.  Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 1204 )   A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for detection of clonidine and cyproheptadine residue in pork liver was established. Samples were catalyzed by β-glucuronidase/ sulfatse and proteins were precipitated by addition of perchloric acid solution，and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate\|isopropanol and purified by MCX SPE cartridge. Then clonidine and cyproheptadine was analyzed on the Venusil MP C18 column （100 mm x 2.1 mm，3 μm） with gradient elution program. The mobile phase was consisted of water added with 5% （V/V） acetonitrile and acetonitrile added with 01% （V/V） formic acid and 5% （V/V） water. The flow rate was 0.25 mL·min-1and column temperature was set at 30℃. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode, external standard method for quantitative analysis. When the concentration of clonidine or cyproheptadine was 1.0 -100.0 ng·mL-1，there was a good linear realtionship(r≥0.9994）. At the additional amount of 0.2，2.0 and 10.0 μg·kg-1 of standard chemicals，the recovery rates were 83.5%-92.3% with an RSD(n=6） of 4.2%-9.3% and a quantity limit of 0.2 μg·kg-1（the signal to noise ratio >10）. The newly developed method appeared to be precise，sensitive，simple and accurate to operate for the determination of clonidine and cyproheptadine contents in pork liver. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of propolis oil-in-water nano-emulsion by high-pressure homogenization TANG Hong-gang;XIAO Chao-geng;CHEN Li-hong;*;SHI John;YANG Guo-quan 2013, 25(3):  0-622.  Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (1403KB) ( 1120 )   In this study，propolis ethanol extract was used as raw material while olive oil as food grade oil phase，Tween 80 as surfactant，and alcohol as cosurfactant. The propolis oil-in-water nano-emulsion was prepared on the basis of determining the best ratio of the above materials. The mean particle size and distribution of emulsions prepared with different homogenization pressure（0，40，80MPa）were analyzed. As shown in the results，the effects of homogenization pressure on particle size and polydispersity index were significant. The emulsion processed under 80 MPa contained （143.2±1.4） nm of average diameter，uniform size distribution and good stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of low molecular weight citrus pectin from citrus pomace and evaluation of their anticancer activities YIN Ying;LU Sheng-min;*;CHEN Jian-bing;ZHENG Mei-yu;XIA Qi-le;ZHANG Jun 2013, 25(3):  0-618.  Abstract ( 557 )   PDF (1408KB) ( 1187 )   Citrus pectin （CP） was prepared from peel and pomace of Satsuma-mandarin and Changshan-huyou by acid extraction and ethanol precipitation method. The CP was treated at 121℃ for 30 min to prepare low molecular weight citrus pectin （LMCP）. The molecular properties including weight，galacturonic acid content and degree of esterification （DE） of LMCP and CP were determined and their resistance capacities on hormone-independent prostate cancer PC 3 cells in vitro were investigated as well. The results indicated that after the high-temperature treatment of four kinds of CP，their molecular weight （Mw） were decreased by 64%-92% with the most for that from Satsuma-mandarin peel and the least for that from Changshan\|huyou peel; the galacturonic acid content were increased by 6%-14% with the highest for that from Satsuma-mandarin peel and the least for that from Satsuma-mandarin pomace; the DE values were declined by 8%-21% with the most for that from Changshan-huyou peel and the least for that from Changshan-huyou pomace. The inhibition of the four kinds of LMCP in high dose （10 mg·mL-1） to PC 3 cell viability were above 70%，among which more than 90% for those were prepared by Satsuma-mandarin peel and Changshan-huyou pomace. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on biogas-diesel dual fuel engine in plateau area JIANG Wu-yang;ZHAO Wu-yun* 2013, 25(3):  0-640.  Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (1279KB) ( 1230 )   In plateau areas， there were some factors about thin air and lower air pressure influencing excess air coefficient and filling coefficient of engine， on the other hand， the lower methane gas caused the reduced engine power. According to the characteristics of the northwest plateau area， this paper showed a design study of gas supplying system， oil supplying system and so on after comparing some diesel gas dual fuel engine modification schemes， and then put forward a kind of dual fuel engines to be applicable to the region with lower cost， on this basis， a hydrogen high pressure injection system was raised to improve the dynamic performance and strong adaptability for several work conditions， and save the development time and reduce the cost. Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation of chromatism of the dry lemon slice during making process and storage ZHU Chun-hua;GONG Qi;LI Jin-xue;DUO Jian-zu;GAO Jun-yan;YUE Jian-qiang* 2013, 25(3):  0-634.  Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 1087 )   The variation of chromatism in dry lemon slices， which have different thickness of slice and maturity during process and storage were studied. The results showed that dry lemon slices had excellent performance in color， high yield and rehydration when the thickness was 0.3-0.4 cm. The lemon slice with higher maturity had serious browning and longer dehydration time during drying. The L* value and b* value of dry lemon slices declined， meanwhile， a* value significantly increased during storage. The browning level of the dry lemon slices with higher maturity were higher than the control. The browning level of mature dry lemon slices reached the maximum degree after stored for one month and the L* value was 33.07， 30.31% lower than the initial value， afterwards， the browning level was in decline， but the decreasing degree was not significant. The L* value of the control decreased faster after stored for 2.5 months， which was 34.44， 38.96% lower than the initial value. Thus， lemon fruits with lower maturity are suitable for production of dry lemon slices. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical analysis of farmers income difference in the northwest arid land ZHANG Li;QYU Wei;*;WANG Sheng-lin 2013, 25(3):  0-666.  Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (1221KB) ( 1044 )   Minle county in Gansu province was taken as the sample， the farmers income difference degree was analyzed by using the Gini coefficient measure index. Gini coefficient decomposition results showed that operational income would lead to further income difference， the increase in the proportion of salary income would further reduce income difference. Based on the survey data in 2007 and 2009， and using the panel data for regression analysis， the results showed that the labor， the number of cultivated land， planting structure， potato agreements， regional characteristics and other factors had significant impacts on the farmers income. Thus it is necessary and important to substantially improve the opportunity of getting salary income in order to reduce and eliminate the family income inequality in rural areas on the basis of the guaranteed operational income. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on water resources carrying capacity based on Tchebycheff theory in Baoding ZHANG Zhi-yu;ZHANG Xi-ping;ZHANG Ya-zhe 2013, 25(3):  0-646.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (1306KB) ( 978 )   Based on analysis of the basic instance such as agriculture， environment， economy， population and water resources in Baoding from 2006 to 2010， the maximum gross domestic product （GDP），the maximum amount of population and the least sewage discharge were adopt as studying targets and the multi-objective optimization model of water resources carrying capacity was established base on Tchebycheff theory. The above-mentioned model was used to forecast water resources carrying capacity of programming years （the year of 2015 and 2025）. The results showed that increasing income and reducing expenditure of water resources was also the only way to adapt to the rapid economic situation. The measures of improving the utilizing efficiency of agricultural and industrial water and economize water level of town dwellers were the basic method while the measures of utilizing circulating sewage， medium water， rain water and inter-basin water transfer projects were the powerful supplement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preservation and exploration thoughts and countermeasures research of characteristic culture villages in Zhejiang—A case study of Lishui， Zhejiang XIAO Jian-zhong;WU Wei-dong 2013, 25(3):  0-651.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 1366 )   The paper apprehended current preservation situation and major problems of characteristic culture villages through the field survey of characteristic culture villages in Lishui and put forward preservation and exploration thoughts and countermeasures， namely， adherence to characteristics， cultural heritage， protection first， unified planning， mechanism creativity， in the hope of providing a favorable reference for promoting preservation and exploration of characteristic culture villages in Zhejiang province. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical study on the effect of agricultural scientific and technological progress on the regional agricultural economic growth NIU Kai 2013, 25(3):  0-659.  Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (1234KB) ( 1161 )   In order to study the impact of agricultural science and technology on regional agricultural economic growth， reveal the function mechanism of agricultural science and technology in agricultural production and agricultural economic growth， explore the regional differences of the effect of progress of agricultural science and technology on the economic growth of agriculture and its causes， we established a fixed effect of varying parameter panel model， examined panel data variables by the stationary test and cointegration tests， and estimated the model parameters of the regression estimation based on the general form of the C-D production function. On that basis， the effect of agricultural scientific and technological progress on the regional agricultural economic growth was analyzed by empirical analysis in complete detail. Through the analysis on the relevant elements of the contribution rate， it could better explain the impact mechanism of agricultural science and technology on regional agricultural economic growth. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology in different regions， which indicated that the level of development of agricultural science and technology in China was uneven in different regions. The role of scientific and technological progress in agriculture in the process of economic growth in Chinas agriculture is still relatively small， and the present situation that agricultural economic growth in China relies on traditional high input， high consumption， low output， low efficiency of the extensive growth mode has not fundamentally changed. Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on knowledge update demand of the pig industry leaders in Zhejiang province HUANG Li-li;ZHU Qi-biao;MI Song-hua 2013, 25(3):  0-678.  Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (1191KB) ( 1004 )   Pig production is one of the major industries of Zhejiang animal husbandry. Industry leader is the most important factor of stable development of pig industry. According to a survey of 244 households in the pig industry leaders， age， educational level， the scale of farming， training conditions and other characteristics were analyzed， and the main problems faced in the production of the production technology and financial management were summarized， which indicated that their knowledge update demand was inclined to new training organization and practical technical training. Some suggestions such as formulating training plan， innovating training mechanism， expanding innovation training content and services， building up a communication platform were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis between education of rural labor and income growth of peasants in Zhejiang XU Lian-jun 2013, 25(3):  0-683.  Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (1263KB) ( 1024 )   Rural human capital，as a kind of “living capital”，will have a higher contribution rate on income growth of peasants. In this paper，Zhejiang Province was taken for an example，the correlation of peasants educational level and their income，peasants wage income and their household business income were analyzed by using the regression model. The results showed that the positive correlation was not only observed between educational years of the rural labor and peasants income，but also between peasants wage income and their household business income. However，the effect of educational years of the rural labor on peasants wage income was the most significant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence and countermeasure of climate changes on regional agricultural production in wetlands of Hongze Lake SHAN Chan;WANG Yong-qing;SHANG Zhao-tang 2013, 25(3):  0-673.  Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (1271KB) ( 1063 )   Based on the annual climatic and agricultural production data from 1961 to 2009 in wetlands of Hongze Lake， the influence and countermeasure of climate changes on agricultural production in this area were analyzed. The results showed that the annual mean temperature increased， especially the temperature in recent 25 years increased obviously， the annual precipitation increased slowly， and the annual sunshine hours decreased in recent 49 years. In recent 10 years， the extreme weather events happened frequently， meanwhile， the extreme high\|temperature and extreme low\|temperature occurred alternately in different years， as well as the drought and flood years， and the annual precipitation increased gradually， on the contrary， sunshine hours and relative humidity greatly reduced annually， leading to much harmful influence on agricultural production. Thus， the corresponding countermeasures were proposed such as enhancing the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation， adjusting the distribution and structure of agriculture， reforming the cropping system， developing the ecological agriculture， breeding and popularizing new crop varieties adapt to climate change. Related Articles | Metrics