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    25 January 2015, Volume 27 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Study on detection technology of rice seed vigor based on hyperspectral image
    LI Mei\|ling1, DENG Fei1,3, LIU Ying1,3, QI Heng\|nian1,3,*, ZHANG Xiao2
    2015, 27(1):  1. 
    Abstract ( 607 )   PDF (1311KB) ( 1522 )  
    As the seed vigor was gradually brought to the public attention, the rapid detection of seed vigor without destroying has been a research hot spot. The rice seeds with different aging degrees were used as experimental materials, PCA-SVM method and hyperspectral imaging technology were compared to study the difference in rice seed vigor. The hyperspectral image data of two rice varieties were collected in 400-1 000 nm range. In order to obtain principal component images, PCA was used to determine the feature band. SVM was adopted to build the model of seed vigor. The results showed that the prediction accuracy could reach 100%. A new way of rapid detection of seed vigor was proposed by hyperspectral imaging technology.
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    Comparation of matter accumulation and distribution between sweet sorghum and grain sorghum
    ZHAO Hui1,ZHAI Guo\|wei2,ZOU Gui\|hua2,TAO Yue\|zhi2,*
    2015, 27(1):  7. 
    Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (558KB) ( 1229 )  
    In this study, the moisture content of stem, dry matter accumulation and stalk brix degree were investigated at 5 different growth stages for 3 sweet sorghum and 3 grain sorghum genotypes, respectively. The results showed that moisture content of sweet sorghum was higher than grain sorghum by over 5% throughout the growth period of sorghum except at the booting stage. Significant differences were discovered between sweet and grain sorghum in dry matter accumulation. The dry weight ratio of sweet sorghum stem was greater than that of grain sorghum, which was evidenced that double sink (grain and stalk) existed in sweet sorghum. The levels of stalk brix degree of sweet sorghum increased slowly from seven leaf stage to the booting stage, sharply from booting stage to heading stage, steadily from heading stage to filling stage and showed differences from filling stage to maturity stage. Taken the consideration for both grain and sugar yield, the most suitable harvesting strategy was suggested for sweet sorghum.
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    Effects of oligosaccharides on abscisic acid synthesis in wheat
    LIU Hang1, FENG Li\|qiang2, LIU Xing\|jiang3
    2015, 27(1):  12. 
    Abstract ( 451 )   PDF (659KB) ( 1132 )  
    Abscisic acid (ABA), a kind of phytohormone in plants, is involved in the regulation of many physiological properties as a signal molecule. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) prepared from degradation of alginate could regulate ABA synthesis, and stimulate endogenous ABA accumulation in wheat. In the present study, it was shown that AOS induced ABA synthesis mainly through up-regulating expression of ABA biosynthesis-related genes, i.e. TaNCED, TaAOX and TaBG. After fluridone treatment, no ABA accumulation was induced by AOS anymore. The results suggested that AOS induced endogenous ABA production may be achieved by ABA synthesis of signaling pathways.
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    Combining response surface analysis and principal component analysis to optimize priming condition in tobacco seeds
    MA Wen\|guang1,2, LI Zhan3, ZHENG Yun\|ye1,2, TIAN Yi\|xin1,2, GUAN Ya\|jing3, ZHU Li\|wei3, HU Jin3,*
    2015, 27(1):  16. 
    Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (2365KB) ( 1211 )  
    Response surface analysis (RSA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to optimize the combination of priming time, priming temperature and the pH values of priming solution in tobacco seeds of cv. Honghua Dajinyuan and Yunyan 97. According to the RSA design, the tobacco seeds were treated by 20 combinations. After that, the germination test of treated seeds was conducted; seedling height, dry weight, fresh weight and vigor index were measured and analyzed by RSA and PCA. Finally, the optimal combination of priming time, priming temperature and the pH values in priming solution were obtained, priming time was 49 h and 45 h, priming temperature was 30℃ and 21℃ and pH values was 5 and 6 for Honghua Dajinyuan and for Yunyan97, respectively.
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    Genetic effects of GH gene on body weight and butcher performance in black Muscovy duck
    DONG Biao1,2, DUAN Xiu\|jun1,2, SUN Guo\|bo1,2, WANG Li\|hua1, BIAN You\|qing2
    2015, 27(1):  22. 
    Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (810KB) ( 1172 )  
    The polymorphism of GH gene was detected using PCR-SSCP in black Muscovy duck. The association between GH gene and body weight, butcher performance of black Muscovy duck was analyzed. The results showed that two SNPs were detected in intron 1 of GH gene, which included G945A and T1039G. The mutations formed CC, CD and DD genotypes. The homozygosity and PIC were 05036 and 03732, respectively. The body weight of CC male was highest at different weeks in process of black Muscovy ducks early growth. When the ducks were slaughtered at 13-week-old, the live weight, dressed weight, half-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, abdominal fat weight and glandular muscle stomach weight of CC male ducks was significantly higher than that of CD and DD male ducks (P<0.05). The heart weight of CC male ducks were significantly higher than those of CD male ducks (P<0.05). There was not significant difference in the percentage indexes of slaughter among the three genotypes (CC, CD and DD) (P>0.05). All of the female ducks indexes had no obvious difference among the three genotypes (P>0.05). The correlation analysis implied that allele C maybe were the favorable genes for body weight in male ducks.
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    Association analysis between polymorphism of MyoG gene and body weight in Taihu goose
    WANG Jian1, DONG Biao1,2, HOU Qing\|yong3,YIN Jie\|xin1
    2015, 27(1):  28. 
    Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (611KB) ( 1224 )  
    In this article, the SNPs of MyoG gene were detected in Taihu goose by the technology of PCR-SSCP. The relation between SNPs and body weight was analyzed. The results showed that one SNP(C-T) was found at the 108 bp in exon 1 of MyoG gene, which formed HH, HI and II genotypes. The frequency of allele H and I were 03271 and 06729, respectively. The homozygosity and PIC were 05598 and 03422. The birth weight of Taihu goose was not significantly different among different genotypes. The body weight of II genotype was highest at different weeks in the process of Taihu goose early growth, that of HI genotype was middle, and that of HH genotype was the lowest. When Taihu goose was 10-week-old, the body weight of II and HI male goose was not significantly different, but they were significantly higher than that of HH genotype in male goose. The body weight of II genotype female goose was significantly higher than that of HH genotype, but HI female goose was not significantly different from HH and II. The correlation analysis implied that allele I maybe were the favorable genes for body weight about Taihu goose.
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    Studies on pathogenic identification and drug sensitivity analysis of skin fester disease in soft\|shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis
    ZHENG Tian\|lun, ZHANG Hai\|qi
    2015, 27(1):  32. 
    Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (548KB) ( 1182 )  
    The skin fester disease of soft-shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis in Zhejiang Province was investigated in this paper. Two bacterial strains (040908-1, 040908-2) isolated from diseased turtles were proved to be the pathogens by artificial infection experiments, and identified to be Proteus vulgaris and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria by the morphological and cultural features, physiological and biochemical characteristics, which agreed with the results detected by automatic bacteria identification system VITEK-32. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to 27 chemotherapeutants was evaluated. It showed that 6 chemotherapeutants (Tobradistin, Neomycin, Ofloxacin, Cefoperazone, Gentamycin and Kanamycin) could inhibit both isolates, while Norfloxacin, Pipemidic acid, Streptomycin and Tetracycline could only inhibit strain 040908-1, and Sulfarmehoxazole/TMP could only inhibit strain 040908-2.
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    Protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against carbon tertrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver accurate injury in Carprinus carpoivar Jian
    LIU Ying\|juan1, DU Jin\|liang2,3, JIA Rui1,2,CAO Li\|ping2,3, WANG Jia\|hao1, YIN Guo\|jun1,2,3,*
    2015, 27(1):  37. 
    Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (752KB) ( 1236 )  
    The aiming of this study was evaluating if the Chinese herbal medicine Lycium barbarum polysaccharides had hepatoprotective effects against CCl4-induced liver accurate injury in Cyprinnus var. Jian. The carps were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups, which named blank the control group (Ctrl), model group (CCl4), Lycium barbarum polysaccharides drug the control group (LBP Ctrl), experimental group (LBP 0.1 g·kg-1,0.5 g·kg-1,1.0 g·kg-1). After fed for 60 days, the model group and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides drug control group were injected (i. p) with 30%(V/V) of CCl4 in arachis oil at a volume of 005mL·10g-1 of body weight, after 72 h , the liver samples and blood were collected for detccting glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamate oxalate transaminase (GOT), lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA),totalprotein (TP), lbumin (Alb), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH\|Px), Glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T\|AOC). The results showed that CCl4 could induce the liver injury of Jian Carp; the 10 g·kg-1 LBP could effectively reduce the value of GPT, GOT, LDH and MDA and improve the value of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px, SOD, GSH and TP (P<0.05); 0.5 g·kg-1LBP could effectively reduce the value of GPT and improve the value of T-AOC, SOD. But 0.1 g·kg-1 LBP had no obvious changes on these indexes. From the above results, it can be indicated that LBP had hepatoprotective effects against carbon tertrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver accurate injury, and could be used for fish liver disease prevention and control.
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    Preliminary study on the correlation between plant stomata aperture and leaf thickness parameters
    YAO Jing\|yuan, LI Dong\|sheng, GUO Lin, HU Jia\|cheng
    2015, 27(1):  44. 
    Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (1705KB) ( 1269 )  
    There is a correlation between leaf thickness and stoma, which modulates water loss for plants. After optical design, a long-working-distance optical magnification system was adopted to build a microscopic observation platform, and CCD was used to realize in vivo image acquisition of leaf stomata. Peanut leaves grown in greenhouse were monitored by self-built living plant stomatal observation device, thus the real time information of stomatal aperture could be acquired directly. There was remarkable negative correlation between stomatal aperture and leaf thickness, and the coefficient was -0.82.
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    Effects of low temperature stress on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Solenostemon scutellarioides
    WANG Zhao,LIU Xiao\|xi,ZHENG Guo\|hua*
    2015, 27(1):  49. 
    Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (2896KB) ( 1249 )  
    Three varieties were used for studing the effects of low temperature stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Solenostemon scutellarioides after 4 d stress under 2℃ and 5℃,and recovery in 25℃. The results showed that low temperature increased the photo inhibitions of photosynthesis. With the extension of low temperature treatment time,photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance(Gs)were decreased with the extension of low temperature treatment time,but intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) was increased with the extension of low temperature treatment time.The result suggested that non-stomatal limitations were the key factors for the decrease of Pn during the 2℃ and 5℃stress. Three varieties showed consistent rule,but the difference could be found in the response of each cultivar to the same stress,the Pn of“Meihonglvbian”decreased least while that of “Shenhongjinbian”decreased most. About the chlorophyll fluorescence,the maximal photochemical yield(Fv/Fm) decreased,the actual photochemical efficiency of system II(φPSII) and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)increased after 4 d stress,and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)showed increasing trend. A small number could recover after the elimination of 5℃,while none could recover which endured 2℃,show that the heavy photoinhibitions have led to non-recoverable harm or inactivation in the structure of PSII.
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    Effects of lights application on plants in urban green space in Shanghai
    FENG Shu\|cheng, GUO Wei\|zhen, ZHANG Ya\|li
    2015, 27(1):  57. 
    Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (2546KB) ( 1280 )  
    In this paper, lights application in major parks and green lands in Shanghai were investigated. The results showed that Landscape lighting with hanging modelling lights, outline lighting with winding or covering of string lights and flood lighting with flood lights were the main and popular application types in plant landscaping; Metal halide lamp, sodium lamp and LED were widely used in Shanghai landscapes; light colors were given priority to yellow, green, red, blue and violet; light intensity were different according to light types and the distances between lights and plants. At last, the common forms of landscape lamp configuration and its likely impact on plants were summed up.
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    Identification of Rotylenchulus reniformis intercepted in Podocarpus macrophyllus from Japan
    HE Jie, CHEN Xian\|feng, GU Jian\|feng*
    2015, 27(1):  64. 
    Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (918KB) ( 1262 )  
    A Rotylenchulus population was firstly intercepted in rhizosphere soil of Podocarpus macrophyllus from Japan in Ningbo port. It was identified as R. reniformis by morphological characters, ITS and D2D3 region of 28S rDNA gene sequences analysis.
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    Baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil of Penicillum digitatum population from citrus in China
    FU Yu\|shi, WANG Ming\|shuang, RUAN Ruo\|xin, ZHU Cong\|yi, SUN Xue\|peng, LI Hong\|ye*
    2015, 27(1):  68. 
    Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (869KB) ( 1257 )  
     Fludioxonil, a phenylpyrrole fungicide, is effective to control many plant diseases through interfering high glycerol response pathway. In this study, sensitivities to fludioxonil of seventy\|eight isolates of Penicillium digitatum collected from Quzhou in Zhejiang province and Gannan in Jiangxi province were determined, based on tests of conidial germination and mycelial growth. The results demonstrated that the effective concentrations (EC50 values) against conidial germination and mycelial growth by 50% are ranged from 0.0285 μg·mL-1 to 0.11 μg·mL-1 and from 0.0019 μg·mL-1 to 0.04 μg·mL-1; averaged (0.0557±0.0041) μg·mL-1 and (0.0118±0.0015) μg·mL-1, respectively. Frequency distributions of EC50 values of 78 isolates growth were normally distributed, which suggested these two values could be used as the sensitivity baselines.
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    Preservation method and rejuvenation method of Paenibacillus polymyxa
    CAI Yuan\|ning1, YU Zhi\|liang1, ZHAO Chun\|tian1, YU Dao\|fu1, LU Jian\|wei2, QIU Juan\|ping1,*
    2015, 27(1):  75. 
    Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (1137KB) ( 1193 )  
    The effects of protective agent, preservation method and rejuvenation method on Paenibacillus polymyxa C12's survival rate and production ability were studied. The results were as following, using 20% skimmed milk powder as protective agent, the survival rate of the strains in -80℃ preservation was 17.3 times higher than the freeze-drying preservation; In the -80℃ preservation, adding thehalose and dimethyl sulfoxde into 20% skimmed milk, the average relative antibiotic titer increased by 4.5% and 4.1%, respectively; In the freeze-drying preservation, adding thehalose into 20% skimmed milk the average antibiotic production increased by 6.0%, and the survival rate increased by 5 times; The strains preserved in -80℃ for six months, then separated and purified for three times,the highest antibiotic production capacity returned to 93%, and the average antibiotic production capacity returned to 80%; Using resistance plate to separate and purify for one time, the highest antibiotic production capacity returned to 81%, and the average antibiotic production capacity returned to 45%.
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    Treatment of domestic sewage by coagulation and Vallisneria natans
    ZHANG Man\|man1,ZHANG Yin\|jiang1,2,*, GAO Yue1, CHEN Xiao\|jun1
    2015, 27(1):  80. 
    Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (824KB) ( 1210 )  
    The coagulation of polymerized aluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) and Vallisneria natans were combined to treat the domestic sewage, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD by different treatments was explored. It was shown that the combination of PAC and PAM was effective to treat domestic sewage. The optimum dosages of PAC and PAM were 195 and 1.2 mg·L-1, respectively, and the optimum treatment procedures were as follows: after the addition of PAC, sewage were stirred at 200 r·min-1 for 30 s. Then PAM was added, and the sewage was stirred at 200 r·min-1 firstly for 30 s, and then at 70 r·min-1 for 8 min. Vallisneria natans was introduced for ecological purification after coagulation. Both in the catering and washing wastewater, the most effective purification appeared at a planting density of 32 g·L-1. And the best removal efficiency was achieved after 8 or 12 d treatment in the catering or washing wastewater, respectively.
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    Biological properties and identification of superior bacteria in deep\|litter system for pig breeding
    WANG Zhen, YIN Hong\|mei, LIU Biao, DU Dong\|xia, XU Jun, HE Yue\|lin*
    2015, 27(1):  87. 
    Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (679KB) ( 1213 )  
    The key technology of deep-litter system is the activity of microbial communities, so superior bacterium of deep-litter system become research hotpot in recent years. To provide a scientific basis for the deep-litter system, efficient bacteria strains were isolated by using pure culturing methods and the microbial community diversity were studied. The dominant bacteria in the active deep-litter ecosystem for pigs were studied and 10 strains were isolated.All of them were identified to be different specie, including 5 Bacillus strains by morphology analysis, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and homology analysis.The isolated Bacillus strains were resistant to heat and some were good for the deodorization by decomposing manure with related enzymes. Furthermore,some pathogenetic bacteria were inhibited by the filtered extracellular cultures of the isolated stains. This research indicated that Bacillus sp plays an important role in the deep-litter systems to achieve the goals: safty, enviroment protection.
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    Temporal-spatial variation of organic matter in cultivated soils in Ningbo City over 50 years
    QIN Fang\|jin1,WANG Fei1,LU Hui\|bin1,ZHUANG Ya\|qi2,WANG Bin3,CEN Tang\|xiao4,HAN Hong\|xuan5,ZHANG Huan6
    2015, 27(1):  92. 
    Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (522KB) ( 1230 )  
    By comparing the current soil organic matter(SOM) content data of 5 704 cultivated soil samples in Ningbo City with the past data, temporal\|spatial variation of SOM in Ningbo City during 50 years were studied. The results showed that SOM content of the cultivated soils changed greatly over 50 years. From the first general detailed soil survey in 1958 to the second general detailed soil survey in 1980s, the mean content of organic matter increased from 22.4 g·kg-1 to 34.8 g·kg-1 by 55%, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). But, the mean SOM content decreased to 31.0 g·kg-1 significantly (P<0.05) by 10.9% from 1980s to 2008. The SOM distribution showed that the water net plain area had higher organic matter contents than the hilly area, and the valley plain area had higher contents than the coastal plain area. The history of cultivation and hydrology and climate change caused by increasing elevation were main factors affecting the spatial variability of SOM.
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    Analysis of thermal and dielectric properties based on temperature and moisture of purple sweet potato
    GU Yuan\|hua, SONG Chun\|fang, CUI Zheng\|wei*
    2015, 27(1):  97. 
    Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (1068KB) ( 1222 )  
    Thermephysical (density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor) of purple sweet potato were studied by dielectric spectrometer (E5062A) and thermal characteristic analyzer (KD2 Pro) within 20 to 100℃, 10.0% to 74.2%(w.b.) moisture content and 900 to 3 000 MHz frequency. It was shown that the density decreased with temperature and moisture content. Increasing temperature or moisture content could increase the thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of purple sweet potato. Frequency, temperature and moisture content significantly affected the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of purple sweet potato. Dielectric constant decreased, but dielectric loss factor firstly decreased, and then increased with the increasing of frequency. Dielectric constant and temperature were apparently negaively correlated with each other, but dielectric constant and moisture were positively correlated with each other. There was positive correlation between dielectric loss factor and temperature and moisture. At the frequency of 2 450 MHz, predictive equations were developed for dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor as a function of temperature and moisture content. Besides, The penetration depth showed negative correlation with temperature and moisture content.
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    The effect of lambda\|cyhalothrin on growth and glucosinolates of pakchoi
    HUANG Hui1,TAO Li\|hua2,YANG Jing1,*,ZHU Zhu\|jun1
    2015, 27(1):  104. 
    Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (606KB) ( 1235 )  
    In this paper, pakchoi was treated with different concentrations of 5% lambda-cyhalothrin and harvested at different intervals, then the growth and glucosinolates(GSs) of pakchoi were analyzed. The results showed that the biomass was increased with 1 000-fold dilution of 5% cyhalothrin microemulsion compared with other treatments. The contents of GSs in pakchoi were also increased with high concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin, and the indole GSs content of pakchoi was significantly increased with 250-fold dilution of 5% lambda-cyhalothrin.
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    The design of crop straw carbonization furnace and its control system
    HU Yan, YIN Wen\|qing*, LI Hua, DING Qi\|shuo
    2015, 27(1):  110. 
    Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (1715KB) ( 1237 )  
    Crop straw is the main by-product of agricultural production. Carbonization is an effective way of straw resource utilization. In the present study, a continuous thermal radiant straw carbonization furnace was designed, together with a control system for biomass continuous carbonization. The control system consisted of ATmega16 chip and the PC color touch screen module which was based on the low-power ARM architecture CPU core. The communication of the system was realized by the Modbus protocol. After a test trial, it was shown that the carbonization furnace structure was reasonable and reliable. The structure of control system was simple, and could meet the requirements of continuous carbonization process of crop straw.
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    Implementation of fruits and vegetables puffing temperature control system based on SNPID
    CHEN Chan\|juan, HUANG Xiang*, HAO Min
    2015, 27(1):  117. 
    Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (717KB) ( 1204 )  
    In the fruits and vegetables puffing process, there are interference and lag problems in the temperature of the heating tank. The interference and hysteresis caused the decline in quality of fruits and vegetables in extrusion machine temperature control system. This essay presented the quadratic performance index control method, which was proposed for parameter adjustment single neuron SNPID, and SNPID controller were designed by S7-300 PLC as the hardware carrier. The design of the controller improved the fruits and vegetables puffing temperature control system performance effectively, and advanced the system response speed, control precision and stability.
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    Design of user interface for tractor cab real-time information management system
    ZHOU Wei\|wei1,2, LU Zhi\|xiong1,2,*, WU Jun\|gan1,2, JIANG Chun\|xia1,2, JIN Wen\|xin1,2
    2015, 27(1):  121. 
    Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (1889KB) ( 1221 )  
    The user interface of tractor cab real-time information management system is designed in this paper. First of all, based on the idea of “user friendly”, the information management system was decorated in the reasonable space position according to the spatial layout of tractor cab. Then, design principles was made by analyzing the drivers operation habits and ways of thinking, and the user interface of the system was designed via LabView, including basic information interface, job information interface, camera monitoring interface and fault diagnosis interface. Finally, the user interface was evaluated. It was shown that the color coordination was suitable and comfortable, the control layout was logical, and the operation mode was consistent with the Windows system. The user interface layout could meet the drivers cognitive psychology need, and was easy to master. The vivid graphical interface could provide some pleasure to driver.
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    Study on the mechanism of environmental regulation and the export of agricultural products—Taking Shandong Province as an example
    YANG Xiu\|yu
    2015, 27(1):  128. 
    Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (541KB) ( 1226 )  
    The environmental pollutant emissions was taken as metrics in this study, and cointegration analysis and Grainger test were used to analyze the relationship of environmental pollutant emissions and agricultural product export in Shandong province from 1989 to 2012. The results showed that the reduction of pollutant emissions would promote the export of agricultural products in the long term, environmental pollutant emissions change was Grainger reason for the agricultural product export change in the short run. The recommendations to strengthen environmental regulation according to the export of agricultural products in Shandong province was put forward.
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