吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹与水足迹时空变化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 974-983.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.02

吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹与水足迹时空变化特征

张惠云(), 秦丽杰^*(), 贾利

东北师范大学地理科学学院,吉林长春 130024

收稿日期:2020-11-05 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 秦丽杰
作者简介:*秦丽杰,E-mail: qinlj953@nenu.edu.cn
张惠云(1994—),女,河北保定人,硕士,主要从事水资源与水环境方面的研究。E-mail: zhanghy966@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0409101);国家自然科学基金(41571526);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630749)

Temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon footprint and water footprint in rice production in Jilin Province

ZHANG Huiyun(), QIN Lijie^*(), JIA Li

School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China

Received:2020-11-05 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: QIN Lijie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业生产对全球气候变暖、水资源短缺和环境污染具有重要影响。碳足迹和水足迹分别是评估温室气体排放和水资源消耗的指标。采用生命周期评价方法,对吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹和水足迹进行核算,分析碳足迹和水足迹的时空变化特征及其构成。结果表明:2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹年均值为0.74 kg·kg^-1。甲烷排放是水稻生产碳足迹的主要组分,占比为41.55%,其次为化肥施用导致的温室气体排放,占比为21.18%。2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产的水足迹呈波动下降趋势,年均值为147 L·kg^-1,其中:水稀缺足迹为122 L·kg^-1,约占83%,水劣化足迹为25 L·kg^-1,约占17%。碳足迹和水足迹的高值区和低值区在空间上分布不一致,吉林省西部和中部地区的水足迹较大、碳足迹较小,而东部、中东部地区碳足迹较大、水足迹较小。相关分析表明,碳足迹和水足迹呈负相关。

关键词: 水稻, 碳足迹, 水足迹, 时空特征

Abstract:

Agricultural production has an important impact on global warming, water scarcity and environment pollution. Carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) are indicators for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water consumption, respectively. Based on the life cycle assessment method, we calculated the CF and WF in rice production, and analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics and composition of the CF and WF in Jilin Province. The results showed that the CF fluctuated from 2007 to 2017, with an annual average value of 0.74 kg·kg^-1. Methane emission from rice fields was the main source of CF in rice production, accounting for 41.55%, followed by GHG emissions caused by fertilizer applications, accounting for 21.18%. From 2007 to 2017, the WF showed a fluctuating downward trend, with an annual average value of 147 L·kg^-1, of which the water scarcity footprint (WSF) was 122 L·kg^-1, accounting for about 83%, and the water degradation footprint (WDF) was 25 L·kg^-1, accounting for about 17%. The spatial differences of rice WF and CF in Jilin Province were obvious. The areas with higher WF were found in the western and central regions of Jilin Province, while the areas with higher CF were found in the eastern and central eastern regions of Jilin Province. Correlation analysis showed that CF and WF were negatively correlated.

Key words: rice, carbon footprint, water footprint, spatio-temporal characteristics

中图分类号:

S181.3

张惠云, 秦丽杰, 贾利. 吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹与水足迹时空变化特征[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(6): 974-983.

ZHANG Huiyun, QIN Lijie, JIA Li. Temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon footprint and water footprint in rice production in Jilin Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(6): 974-983.

图/表 9

图1 吉林省区域划分图

Fig.1 Geographical zoning of Jilin Province

图2 研究的系统边界

Fig.2 System boundary of present study

表1 水稻生产中不同农业投入的排放因子

Table 1 Emission coefficients of different emission sources from agricultural inputs in rice production

排放源 Emission source	排放因子 Emission coefficient	参考文献 Reference
水稻种子Rice seeds/(kg·kg^-1)	1.84	Ecoinvent 2.2
农膜Plastic film/(kg·t^-1)	22.72	Ecoinvent 2.2
柴油Diesel oil/(kg·L^-1)	1.035	CLCD v0.7
柴油燃烧	4.768	CLCD v0.7
Diesel combustion/(kg·L^-1)
氮肥N fertilizer/(kg·kg^-1)	7.759	[18]
磷肥P fertilizer/(kg·kg^-1)	2.332	[18]
钾肥K fertilizer/(kg·kg^-1)	0.66	[18]
灌溉耗电	0.776 9	[19]
Electricity for irrigation/(kg·kWh^-1)
农药Pesticide/(kg·kg^-1)	18.04	[20]

图3 2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产温室气体排放总量、单位面积温室气体排放量和碳足迹的年际变化

Fig.3 Chronic trend of total greenhouse gas emission, greenhouse gas emission per unit area and carbon footprint in rice production in Jilin Province during 2007-2017

图4 2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产碳足迹及其变化率的空间分布

Fig.4 Distribution of carbon footprint and its trend in rice production in Jilin Province during 2007-2017

图5 2007—2017年水稻生产碳足迹的组分比例

Fig.5 Proportion of different components of carbon footprint in rice production in Jilin Province during 2007-2017

图6 2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产水足迹、水稀缺足迹和水劣化足迹的年际变化

Fig.6 Chronic trend of water footprint, water scarcity footprintandwater degradation footprint in rice production in Jilin Province during 2007-2017

图7 2007—2017年吉林省水稻生产水足迹、水稀缺足迹、水劣化足迹及其变化率的空间分布

Fig.7 Distribution of water footprint (WF), water scarcity footprint (WSF), water degradation footprint (WDF) and their trends in rice production in Jilin Province during 2007-2017

图8 吉林省水稻生产碳足迹和水足迹的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between carbon footprint and water footprint in rice production in Jilin Province

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吉林省水稻生产的碳足迹与水足迹时空变化特征

Temporal and spatial characteristics of carbon footprint and water footprint in rice production in Jilin Province

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