浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 372-382.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250033
边晓霞1,2(
), 施梦迪1,2, 杨怡中1,2, 范盈盈2, 张雨晨1,2, 王玉晶2,3, 王富兰2, 王成2,*(
), 刘峰娟2,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-01-09
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-03-24
作者简介:边晓霞,研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:bxx13683436047@126.com
通讯作者:
*刘峰娟,E-mail:liufengjuan2050@126.com基金资助:
BIAN Xiaoxia1,2(
), SHI Mengdi1,2, YANG Yizhong1,2, FAN Yingying2, ZHANG Yuchen1,2, WANG Yujing2,3, WANG Fulan2, WANG Cheng2,*(
), LIU Fengjuan2,*(
)
Received:2025-01-09
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-03-24
摘要:
为评估新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品(葡萄干)的农药残留情况和对人体健康的危害风险,采集了新疆主产区的无核白葡萄与葡萄干共计120份样品进行检测,对检测出的农药做膳食摄入风险评估和排序,并针对检出而国家未制定最大残留限量的农药提出最大残留限量的建议值。结果显示,从供试葡萄、葡萄干样品中分别检出25种、13种农药,但这些农药的残留量均未超过国家标准规定的最大残留限量。供试葡萄、葡萄干样品的急性、慢性膳食摄入风险均在可接受的范围内。通过风险排序发现,供试葡萄、葡萄干样品中农药残留风险相对较高的危害因子分别为毒死蜱、阿维菌素和溴氰菊酯。为了提高新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的质量安全水平,建议优先制定葡萄上哒螨灵和葡萄干上甲氰菊酯、多菌灵、虫螨腈的最大残留限量,推荐值分别为2、23、22、22 mg·kg-1。
中图分类号:
边晓霞, 施梦迪, 杨怡中, 范盈盈, 张雨晨, 王玉晶, 王富兰, 王成, 刘峰娟. 新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的农药残留风险评估[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(2): 372-382.
BIAN Xiaoxia, SHI Mengdi, YANG Yizhong, FAN Yingying, ZHANG Yuchen, WANG Yujing, WANG Fulan, WANG Cheng, LIU Fengjuan. Risk assessment of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and dried products in Xinjiang of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 372-382.
| 序号 Serial No. | 指标 Norm | 指标值 Metric | 得分 Score | 序号 Serial No. | 指标 Norm | 指标值 Metric | 得分 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 毒性Toxicity | 低毒Low toxicity | 2 | D | 使用频率/% | <2.5 | 0 |
| 中毒Moderate toxicity | 3 | Frequency of | 2.5~<20 | 1 | |||
| 高毒High toxicity | 4 | use/% | 20~<50 | 2 | |||
| 剧毒Highly toxic | 5 | 50~<100 | 3 | ||||
| B | 毒效/(mg·kg-1) | >1×10-2 | 0 | E | 高暴露人群 | 无None | 0 |
| Virulence/ | >1×10-4~1×10-2 | 1 | Highly exposed | 不太可能Unlikely | 1 | ||
| (mg·kg-1) | >1×10-6~1×10-4 | 2 | population | 很可能Easily | 2 | ||
| ≤1×10-6 | 3 | 有或无相关数据Data available or not available | 3 | ||||
| C | 膳食比例/% | <2.5 | 0 | F | 残留水平/ | 未检出Not detected | 1 |
| Dietary ratio/% | 2.5~<20 | 1 | (mg·kg-1) | <1 MRL | 2 | ||
| 20~<50 | 2 | Residue level/ | 1 MRL~<10 MRL | 3 | |||
| 50~100 | 3 | (mg·kg-1) | ≥10 MRL | 4 |
表1 葡萄上农药残留风险排序准则
Table 1 Risk ranking criteria for pesticide residues in grapes
| 序号 Serial No. | 指标 Norm | 指标值 Metric | 得分 Score | 序号 Serial No. | 指标 Norm | 指标值 Metric | 得分 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 毒性Toxicity | 低毒Low toxicity | 2 | D | 使用频率/% | <2.5 | 0 |
| 中毒Moderate toxicity | 3 | Frequency of | 2.5~<20 | 1 | |||
| 高毒High toxicity | 4 | use/% | 20~<50 | 2 | |||
| 剧毒Highly toxic | 5 | 50~<100 | 3 | ||||
| B | 毒效/(mg·kg-1) | >1×10-2 | 0 | E | 高暴露人群 | 无None | 0 |
| Virulence/ | >1×10-4~1×10-2 | 1 | Highly exposed | 不太可能Unlikely | 1 | ||
| (mg·kg-1) | >1×10-6~1×10-4 | 2 | population | 很可能Easily | 2 | ||
| ≤1×10-6 | 3 | 有或无相关数据Data available or not available | 3 | ||||
| C | 膳食比例/% | <2.5 | 0 | F | 残留水平/ | 未检出Not detected | 1 |
| Dietary ratio/% | 2.5~<20 | 1 | (mg·kg-1) | <1 MRL | 2 | ||
| 20~<50 | 2 | Residue level/ | 1 MRL~<10 MRL | 3 | |||
| 50~100 | 3 | (mg·kg-1) | ≥10 MRL | 4 |
图1 葡萄样品上的农药残留检出情况 编号1~7的农药分别为哒螨灵、二甲戊乐灵、多菌灵、吡唑醚菌酯、甲氰菊酯、噻虫嗪、联苯菊酯。
Fig.1 Detection of pesticide residues in grape samples Pesticides numbered 1-7 represent pyridaben, pendimethalin, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, fenpropathrin, thiamethoxam, and bifenthrin, respectively.
图2 葡萄干样品中的农药残留检出情况 编号1~8的农药依次为吡唑醚菌酯、氯氟氰菊酯、啶虫脒、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、虫螨腈、多菌灵、咪鲜胺。
Fig.2 Detection of pesticide residues in raisin samples Pesticides numbered 1-8 are pyraclostrobin, lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, chlorfenapyr, carbendazim, and prochloraz, respectively.
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 残留量/(mg·kg-1) Residue/(mg·kg-1) | ADI/ (mg· kg-1) | Rch/% | ARfD/ (mg· kg-1) | Rac/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 最大值Maximum | ||||||
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低Low | 0.000 001 7 | 0.000 06 | 0.40 | 0.000 000 1 | 2.0 | 0.000 062 305 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低Low | 0.009 245 8 | 0.231 73 | 0.03 | 0.009 091 7 | 0.1 | 4.812 645 883 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低Low | 0.003 918 0 | 0.197 64 | 0.20 | 0.000 577 9 | NN | — |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低Low | 0.007 366 7 | 0.156 26 | 0.07 | 0.003 104 5 | 0.1 | 3.245 259 767 |
| 氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron | 低Low | 0.000 006 2 | 0.000 15 | 0.05 | 0.000 003 6 | — | — |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 低Low | 0.004 196 3 | 0.184 18 | 0.06 | 0.002 063 2 | 0.4 | 0.956 277 908 |
| 二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin | 低Low | 0.000 461 5 | 0.003 43 | 0.10 | 0.000 136 1 | 1.0 | 0.007 123 538 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 低Low | 0.021 784 2 | 0.556 66 | 0.08 | 0.008 032 9 | 1.0 | 1.156 090 043 |
| 烯效唑Uniconazole | 低Low | 0.000 294 7 | 0.014 64 | 0.02 | 0.000 434 6 | — | — |
| 毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos | 中Medium | 0.000 523 5 | 0.028 02 | 0.01 | 0.001 544 3 | 0.1 | 0.581 928 700 |
| 虫酰肼Tebufenozide | 低Low | 0.004 159 0 | 0.229 18 | 0.02 | 0.006 134 5 | 0.9 | 0.528 854 070 |
| 哒螨灵Pyridaben | 低Low | 0.003 568 2 | 0.024 30 | 0.01 | 0.010 526 1 | — | — |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低Low | 0.000 004 5 | 0.000 27 | 0.01 | 0.000 013 3 | 0.1 | 0.005 607 450 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 低Low | 0.008 602 5 | 0.442 01 | 0.20 | 0.001 268 9 | 0.6 | 1.529 968 503 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低Low | 0.013 421 2 | 0.163 42 | 0.03 | 0.013 197 5 | 0.7 | 0.484 851 576 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低Low | 0.000 456 3 | 0.017 65 | 0.20 | 0.000 067 3 | NN | — |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低Low | 0.006 339 3 | 0.096 16 | 0.01 | 0.018 701 0 | 0.3 | 0.665 694 311 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 中Medium | 0.000 955 0 | 0.032 97 | 0.001 | 0.028 172 5 | 0.003 | 22.824 398 330 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 低Low | 0.000 506 7 | 0.030 40 | 0.02 | 0.000 747 3 | 0.6 | 0.105 226 222 |
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 低Low | 0.001 356 7 | 0.050 60 | 0.10 | 0.000 400 2 | 0.1 | 1.050 877 667 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 低Low | 0.000 165 0 | 0.009 90 | 0.01 | 0.000 081 1 | — | — |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 低Low | 0.003 126 7 | 0.023 00 | 0.01 | 0.009 223 7 | 0.01 | 4.776 716 667 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 中Medium | 0.047 445 0 | 0.334 50 | 0.03 | 0.046 654 3 | 0.03 | 23.156 691 670 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 中Medium | 0.001 471 7 | 0.033 40 | 0.02 | 0.002 170 7 | 0.02 | 3.468 311 667 |
| 氯菊酯Permethrin | 低Low | 0.004 888 3 | 0.068 30 | 0.05 | 0.002 884 1 | 1.5 | 0.094 565 144 |
表2 葡萄样品中的农药残留膳食摄入风险
Table 2 Dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in grape samples
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 残留量/(mg·kg-1) Residue/(mg·kg-1) | ADI/ (mg· kg-1) | Rch/% | ARfD/ (mg· kg-1) | Rac/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 最大值Maximum | ||||||
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低Low | 0.000 001 7 | 0.000 06 | 0.40 | 0.000 000 1 | 2.0 | 0.000 062 305 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低Low | 0.009 245 8 | 0.231 73 | 0.03 | 0.009 091 7 | 0.1 | 4.812 645 883 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低Low | 0.003 918 0 | 0.197 64 | 0.20 | 0.000 577 9 | NN | — |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低Low | 0.007 366 7 | 0.156 26 | 0.07 | 0.003 104 5 | 0.1 | 3.245 259 767 |
| 氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron | 低Low | 0.000 006 2 | 0.000 15 | 0.05 | 0.000 003 6 | — | — |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 低Low | 0.004 196 3 | 0.184 18 | 0.06 | 0.002 063 2 | 0.4 | 0.956 277 908 |
| 二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin | 低Low | 0.000 461 5 | 0.003 43 | 0.10 | 0.000 136 1 | 1.0 | 0.007 123 538 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 低Low | 0.021 784 2 | 0.556 66 | 0.08 | 0.008 032 9 | 1.0 | 1.156 090 043 |
| 烯效唑Uniconazole | 低Low | 0.000 294 7 | 0.014 64 | 0.02 | 0.000 434 6 | — | — |
| 毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos | 中Medium | 0.000 523 5 | 0.028 02 | 0.01 | 0.001 544 3 | 0.1 | 0.581 928 700 |
| 虫酰肼Tebufenozide | 低Low | 0.004 159 0 | 0.229 18 | 0.02 | 0.006 134 5 | 0.9 | 0.528 854 070 |
| 哒螨灵Pyridaben | 低Low | 0.003 568 2 | 0.024 30 | 0.01 | 0.010 526 1 | — | — |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低Low | 0.000 004 5 | 0.000 27 | 0.01 | 0.000 013 3 | 0.1 | 0.005 607 450 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 低Low | 0.008 602 5 | 0.442 01 | 0.20 | 0.001 268 9 | 0.6 | 1.529 968 503 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低Low | 0.013 421 2 | 0.163 42 | 0.03 | 0.013 197 5 | 0.7 | 0.484 851 576 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低Low | 0.000 456 3 | 0.017 65 | 0.20 | 0.000 067 3 | NN | — |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低Low | 0.006 339 3 | 0.096 16 | 0.01 | 0.018 701 0 | 0.3 | 0.665 694 311 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 中Medium | 0.000 955 0 | 0.032 97 | 0.001 | 0.028 172 5 | 0.003 | 22.824 398 330 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 低Low | 0.000 506 7 | 0.030 40 | 0.02 | 0.000 747 3 | 0.6 | 0.105 226 222 |
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 低Low | 0.001 356 7 | 0.050 60 | 0.10 | 0.000 400 2 | 0.1 | 1.050 877 667 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 低Low | 0.000 165 0 | 0.009 90 | 0.01 | 0.000 081 1 | — | — |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 低Low | 0.003 126 7 | 0.023 00 | 0.01 | 0.009 223 7 | 0.01 | 4.776 716 667 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 中Medium | 0.047 445 0 | 0.334 50 | 0.03 | 0.046 654 3 | 0.03 | 23.156 691 670 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 中Medium | 0.001 471 7 | 0.033 40 | 0.02 | 0.002 170 7 | 0.02 | 3.468 311 667 |
| 氯菊酯Permethrin | 低Low | 0.004 888 3 | 0.068 30 | 0.05 | 0.002 884 1 | 1.5 | 0.094 565 144 |
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 残留量/(mg·kg-1) Residue/(mg·kg-1) | ADI/ (mg· kg-1) | Rch/% | ARfD/ (mg· kg-1) | Rac/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 最大值Maximum | ||||||
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低Low | 0.000 002 3 | 0.000 100 | 0.40 | 0.000 000 031 | 2.00 | 0.000 000 119 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低Low | 0.000 053 5 | 0.001 430 | 0.03 | 0.000 009 511 | 0.10 | 0.000 033 963 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低Low | 0.000 008 8 | 0.000 260 | 0.20 | 0.000 000 236 | NN | — |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低Low | 0.000 159 0 | 0.002 670 | 0.07 | 0.000 012 114 | 0.10 | 0.000 063 413 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低Low | 0.000 043 5 | 0.000 044 | 0.01 | 0.000 023 200 | 0.10 | 0.000 044 413 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低Low | 0.000 709 5 | 0.000 710 | 0.03 | 0.000 126 133 | 0.70 | 0.000 021 545 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低Low | 0.000 356 0 | 0.000 356 | 0.20 | 0.000 009 493 | NN | — |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低Low | 0.000 031 0 | 0.000 031 | 0.01 | 0.000 016 533 | 0.30 | 0.000 005 067 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 低Low | 0.001 521 7 | 0.001 522 | 0.03 | 0.000 270 519 | 0.03 | 0.001 900 000 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 中Medium | 0.002 221 7 | 0.002 222 | 0.02 | 0.000 592 444 | 0.02 | 0.003 455 625 |
| 氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin | 中Medium | 0.001 735 0 | 0.001 735 | 0.02 | 0.000 462 667 | 0.04 | 0.002 030 625 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 中Medium | 0.000 063 3 | 0.000 063 | 0.03 | 0.000 011 259 | 0.03 | 0.000 300 833 |
| 溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin | 中Medium | 0.000 066 7 | 0.000 067 | 0.01 | 0.000 035 556 | 0.05 | 0.000 190 000 |
表3 葡萄干样品中的农药残留膳食摄入风险
Table 3 Dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in raisin samples
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 残留量/(mg·kg-1) Residue/(mg·kg-1) | ADI/ (mg· kg-1) | Rch/% | ARfD/ (mg· kg-1) | Rac/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平均值Mean | 最大值Maximum | ||||||
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低Low | 0.000 002 3 | 0.000 100 | 0.40 | 0.000 000 031 | 2.00 | 0.000 000 119 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低Low | 0.000 053 5 | 0.001 430 | 0.03 | 0.000 009 511 | 0.10 | 0.000 033 963 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低Low | 0.000 008 8 | 0.000 260 | 0.20 | 0.000 000 236 | NN | — |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低Low | 0.000 159 0 | 0.002 670 | 0.07 | 0.000 012 114 | 0.10 | 0.000 063 413 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低Low | 0.000 043 5 | 0.000 044 | 0.01 | 0.000 023 200 | 0.10 | 0.000 044 413 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低Low | 0.000 709 5 | 0.000 710 | 0.03 | 0.000 126 133 | 0.70 | 0.000 021 545 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低Low | 0.000 356 0 | 0.000 356 | 0.20 | 0.000 009 493 | NN | — |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低Low | 0.000 031 0 | 0.000 031 | 0.01 | 0.000 016 533 | 0.30 | 0.000 005 067 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 低Low | 0.001 521 7 | 0.001 522 | 0.03 | 0.000 270 519 | 0.03 | 0.001 900 000 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 中Medium | 0.002 221 7 | 0.002 222 | 0.02 | 0.000 592 444 | 0.02 | 0.003 455 625 |
| 氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin | 中Medium | 0.001 735 0 | 0.001 735 | 0.02 | 0.000 462 667 | 0.04 | 0.002 030 625 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 中Medium | 0.000 063 3 | 0.000 063 | 0.03 | 0.000 011 259 | 0.03 | 0.000 300 833 |
| 溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin | 中Medium | 0.000 066 7 | 0.000 067 | 0.01 | 0.000 035 556 | 0.05 | 0.000 190 000 |
| 样品 Sample | 风险指数Risk index | 样品分布数量(比例) Sample distribution quantity (proportion) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 平均值 Average | 极低风险 Very low risk | 低风险 Low risk | 中风险 Medium risk | 高风险 High risk | |
| 葡萄Grape | 5 | 36 | 17.7 | 0(0) | 22(36.7%) | 15(25.0%) | 23(38.3%) |
| 葡萄干Raisin | 0 | 19 | 5.3 | 27(45.0%) | 31(51.7%) | 2(3.3%) | 0(0) |
表4 葡萄和葡萄干样品的风险指数(RI)
Table 4 Risk index (RI) of grape and raisin samples
| 样品 Sample | 风险指数Risk index | 样品分布数量(比例) Sample distribution quantity (proportion) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 平均值 Average | 极低风险 Very low risk | 低风险 Low risk | 中风险 Medium risk | 高风险 High risk | |
| 葡萄Grape | 5 | 36 | 17.7 | 0(0) | 22(36.7%) | 15(25.0%) | 23(38.3%) |
| 葡萄干Raisin | 0 | 19 | 5.3 | 27(45.0%) | 31(51.7%) | 2(3.3%) | 0(0) |
| 农药Pesticide | ADI | EMRL | MRL | RMRL | P99.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 65 | 2 | 65 | 0.000 1 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0.231 7 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 32 | 4 | 32 | 0.197 6 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 11 | 0.5 | 11 | 0.156 3 |
| 氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron | 0.05 | 8 | 0.05 | 8 | 0.000 2 |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 0.06 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 0.184 2 |
| 二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin | 0.10 | 16 | — | 16 | 0.003 4 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 0.08 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 0.556 7 |
| 烯效唑Uniconazole | 0.02 | 3 | — | 3 | 0.014 6 |
| 毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos | 0.01 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.028 0 |
| 虫酰肼Tebufenozide | 0.02 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.229 2 |
| 哒螨灵Pyridaben | 0.01 | 2 | — | 2 | 0.024 3 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.000 3 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 0.20 | 32 | 5 | 32 | 0.442 0 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0.163 4 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 32 | 5 | 32 | 0.017 7 |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.096 2 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 0.001 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.033 0 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 0.02 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 0.030 4 |
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 0.10 | 16 | 5 | 16 | 0.050 6 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.01 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0.009 9 |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 0.01 | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.023 0 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 0.03 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.334 5 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 0.02 | 3 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.033 4 |
| 氯菊酯Permethrin | 0.05 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0.068 3 |
表5 葡萄样品上残留农药的最大残留限量估计值(EMRL)和最大残留限量推荐值(RMRL)
Table 5 Estimated maximum residue limit (EMRL) and recommended maximum residue limit (RMRL) of pesticide residues in grape samples
| 农药Pesticide | ADI | EMRL | MRL | RMRL | P99.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 65 | 2 | 65 | 0.000 1 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0.231 7 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 32 | 4 | 32 | 0.197 6 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 11 | 0.5 | 11 | 0.156 3 |
| 氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron | 0.05 | 8 | 0.05 | 8 | 0.000 2 |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 0.06 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 0.184 2 |
| 二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin | 0.10 | 16 | — | 16 | 0.003 4 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 0.08 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 0.556 7 |
| 烯效唑Uniconazole | 0.02 | 3 | — | 3 | 0.014 6 |
| 毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos | 0.01 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.028 0 |
| 虫酰肼Tebufenozide | 0.02 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.229 2 |
| 哒螨灵Pyridaben | 0.01 | 2 | — | 2 | 0.024 3 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.000 3 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 0.20 | 32 | 5 | 32 | 0.442 0 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0.163 4 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 32 | 5 | 32 | 0.017 7 |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.096 2 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 0.001 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.033 0 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 0.02 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 0.030 4 |
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 0.10 | 16 | 5 | 16 | 0.050 6 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.01 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0.009 9 |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 0.01 | 2 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.023 0 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 0.03 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.334 5 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 0.02 | 3 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.033 4 |
| 氯菊酯Permethrin | 0.05 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0.068 3 |
| 农药Pesticide | ADI | EMRL | MRL | RMRL | P99.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 0.000 6 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 22 | 5 | 22 | 0.006 4 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 0.03 | 22 | — | 22 | 0.024 0 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 50 | — | 50 | 0.002 7 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 22 | — | 22 | 0.001 4 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 0.03 | 23 | — | 23 | 0.003 8 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 0.02 | 14 | 0.3 | 14 | 0.029 1 |
| 氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin | 0.02 | 15 | 0.5 | 15 | 0.034 2 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 7 | 0.05 | 7 | 0.001 9 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 144 | — | 144 | 0.008 4 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 145 | 5 | 145 | 0.000 3 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 287 | — | 287 | 0.000 1 |
| 溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin | 0.01 | 7 | 0.5 | 7 | 0.004 0 |
表6 葡萄干样品中残留农药的最大残留限量估计值(EMRL)和最大残留限量推荐值(RMRL)
Table 6 Estimated maximum residue limit (EMRL) and recommended maximum residue limit (RMRL) of pesticide residues in raisin samples
| 农药Pesticide | ADI | EMRL | MRL | RMRL | P99.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 0.000 6 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 22 | 5 | 22 | 0.006 4 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 0.03 | 22 | — | 22 | 0.024 0 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 50 | — | 50 | 0.002 7 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 22 | — | 22 | 0.001 4 |
| 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin | 0.03 | 23 | — | 23 | 0.003 8 |
| 氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin | 0.02 | 14 | 0.3 | 14 | 0.029 1 |
| 氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin | 0.02 | 15 | 0.5 | 15 | 0.034 2 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 7 | 0.05 | 7 | 0.001 9 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 144 | — | 144 | 0.008 4 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 145 | 5 | 145 | 0.000 3 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 287 | — | 287 | 0.000 1 |
| 溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin | 0.01 | 7 | 0.5 | 7 | 0.004 0 |
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