新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的农药残留风险评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250033

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 372-382.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250033

新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的农药残留风险评估

边晓霞¹^,²(), 施梦迪¹^,², 杨怡中¹^,², 范盈盈², 张雨晨¹^,², 王玉晶²^,³, 王富兰², 王成²^,^*(), 刘峰娟²^,^*()

1.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 农业农村部荒漠绿洲生态区特色农产品功能营养与健康重点实验室(部省共建),农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐),新疆农产品质量安全实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830017

收稿日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
作者简介:边晓霞,研究方向为农产品质量安全。E-mail:bxx13683436047@126.com
通讯作者: ^*刘峰娟,E-mail:liufengjuan2050@126.com
王成,E-mail:wangchengxj321@sina.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02006-6);“天山英才”青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0070);新疆农业科学院稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023003-1);绿色食品(绿色优质农产品)高质量创新发展技术研究项目(GFJY20240012)

Risk assessment of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and dried products in Xinjiang of China

BIAN Xiaoxia¹^,²(), SHI Mengdi¹^,², YANG Yizhong¹^,², FAN Yingying², ZHANG Yuchen¹^,², WANG Yujing²^,³, WANG Fulan², WANG Cheng²^,^*(), LIU Fengjuan²^,^*()

1. College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China

Received:2025-01-09 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品(葡萄干)的农药残留情况和对人体健康的危害风险,采集了新疆主产区的无核白葡萄与葡萄干共计120份样品进行检测,对检测出的农药做膳食摄入风险评估和排序,并针对检出而国家未制定最大残留限量的农药提出最大残留限量的建议值。结果显示,从供试葡萄、葡萄干样品中分别检出25种、13种农药,但这些农药的残留量均未超过国家标准规定的最大残留限量。供试葡萄、葡萄干样品的急性、慢性膳食摄入风险均在可接受的范围内。通过风险排序发现,供试葡萄、葡萄干样品中农药残留风险相对较高的危害因子分别为毒死蜱、阿维菌素和溴氰菊酯。为了提高新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的质量安全水平,建议优先制定葡萄上哒螨灵和葡萄干上甲氰菊酯、多菌灵、虫螨腈的最大残留限量,推荐值分别为2、23、22、22 mg·kg^-1。

关键词: 无核白葡萄, 葡萄干, 农药残留, 膳食摄入风险, 风险评估

Abstract:

To evaluate the potential health risks posed by pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and its dried products (raisin) from Xinjiang of China, a total of 120 samples of grape and raisin were collected from the major producing areas of Xinjiang for pesticide residue detection. Dietary intake risk assessment and ranking were conducted for the detected pesticides, and recommended maximum residue limits (MRLs) were put forward for those pesticides with detectable residues but without established national MRLs. The results showed that 25 and 13 types of pesticides were detected in the tested grape and raisin samples, respectively, with all residue levels complying with the national MRLs standards. Both acute and chronic dietary intake risks of pesticide residues from the tested grape and raisin samples fell within the acceptable range. Risk ranking indicated that the pesticides with relatively high risk levels in grape samples were chlorpyrifos, abamectin and deltamethrin. To improve the quality and safety of Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and its dried products, it is recommended that the MRLs for pyridaben in grape, and fenpropathrin, carbendazim and chlorfenapyr in raisin should be prioritized, with the proposed limits set at 2, 23, 22 and 22 mg·kg^-1, respectively.

Key words: Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless, raisin, pesticide residues, dietary intake risk, risk assessment

中图分类号:

边晓霞, 施梦迪, 杨怡中, 范盈盈, 张雨晨, 王玉晶, 王富兰, 王成, 刘峰娟. 新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的农药残留风险评估[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(2): 372-382.

BIAN Xiaoxia, SHI Mengdi, YANG Yizhong, FAN Yingying, ZHANG Yuchen, WANG Yujing, WANG Fulan, WANG Cheng, LIU Fengjuan. Risk assessment of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and dried products in Xinjiang of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 372-382.

图/表 10

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序号 Serial No.	指标 Norm	指标值 Metric	得分 Score	序号 Serial No.	指标 Norm	指标值 Metric	得分 Score
A	毒性Toxicity	低毒Low toxicity	2	D	使用频率/%	<2.5	0
		中毒Moderate toxicity	3		Frequency of	2.5~<20	1
		高毒High toxicity	4		use/%	20~<50	2
		剧毒Highly toxic	5			50~<100	3
B	毒效/(mg·kg^-1)	>1×10^-2	0	E	高暴露人群	无None	0
	Virulence/	>1×10^-4~1×10^-2	1		Highly exposed	不太可能Unlikely	1
	(mg·kg^-1)	>1×10^-6~1×10^-4	2		population	很可能Easily	2
		≤1×10^-6	3			有或无相关数据Data available or not available	3
C	膳食比例/%	<2.5	0	F	残留水平/	未检出Not detected	1
	Dietary ratio/%	2.5~<20	1		(mg·kg^-1)	<1 MRL	2
		20~<50	2		Residue level/	1 MRL~<10 MRL	3
		50~100	3		(mg·kg^-1)	≥10 MRL	4

序号 Serial No.	指标 Norm	指标值 Metric	得分 Score	序号 Serial No.	指标 Norm	指标值 Metric	得分 Score
A	毒性Toxicity	低毒Low toxicity	2	D	使用频率/%	<2.5	0
		中毒Moderate toxicity	3		Frequency of	2.5~<20	1
		高毒High toxicity	4		use/%	20~<50	2
		剧毒Highly toxic	5			50~<100	3
B	毒效/(mg·kg^-1)	>1×10^-2	0	E	高暴露人群	无None	0
	Virulence/	>1×10^-4~1×10^-2	1		Highly exposed	不太可能Unlikely	1
	(mg·kg^-1)	>1×10^-6~1×10^-4	2		population	很可能Easily	2
		≤1×10^-6	3			有或无相关数据Data available or not available	3
C	膳食比例/%	<2.5	0	F	残留水平/	未检出Not detected	1
	Dietary ratio/%	2.5~<20	1		(mg·kg^-1)	<1 MRL	2
		20~<50	2		Residue level/	1 MRL~<10 MRL	3
		50~100	3		(mg·kg^-1)	≥10 MRL	4

农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	残留量/(mg·kg^-1) Residue/(mg·kg^-1)		ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	平均值Mean	最大值Maximum	ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
霜霉威Propamocarb	低Low	0.000 001 7	0.000 06	0.40	0.000 000 1	2.0	0.000 062 305
多菌灵Carbendazim	低Low	0.009 245 8	0.231 73	0.03	0.009 091 7	0.1	4.812 645 883
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	低Low	0.003 918 0	0.197 64	0.20	0.000 577 9	NN	—
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	低Low	0.007 366 7	0.156 26	0.07	0.003 104 5	0.1	3.245 259 767
氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron	低Low	0.000 006 2	0.000 15	0.05	0.000 003 6	—	—
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	低Low	0.004 196 3	0.184 18	0.06	0.002 063 2	0.4	0.956 277 908
二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin	低Low	0.000 461 5	0.003 43	0.10	0.000 136 1	1.0	0.007 123 538
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	低Low	0.021 784 2	0.556 66	0.08	0.008 032 9	1.0	1.156 090 043
烯效唑Uniconazole	低Low	0.000 294 7	0.014 64	0.02	0.000 434 6	—	—
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	中Medium	0.000 523 5	0.028 02	0.01	0.001 544 3	0.1	0.581 928 700
虫酰肼Tebufenozide	低Low	0.004 159 0	0.229 18	0.02	0.006 134 5	0.9	0.528 854 070
哒螨灵Pyridaben	低Low	0.003 568 2	0.024 30	0.01	0.010 526 1	—	—
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	低Low	0.000 004 5	0.000 27	0.01	0.000 013 3	0.1	0.005 607 450
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph	低Low	0.008 602 5	0.442 01	0.20	0.001 268 9	0.6	1.529 968 503
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	低Low	0.013 421 2	0.163 42	0.03	0.013 197 5	0.7	0.484 851 576
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	低Low	0.000 456 3	0.017 65	0.20	0.000 067 3	NN	—
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	低Low	0.006 339 3	0.096 16	0.01	0.018 701 0	0.3	0.665 694 311
阿维菌素Abamectin	中Medium	0.000 955 0	0.032 97	0.001	0.028 172 5	0.003	22.824 398 330
百菌清Chlorothalonil	低Low	0.000 506 7	0.030 40	0.02	0.000 747 3	0.6	0.105 226 222
腐霉利Procymidone	低Low	0.001 356 7	0.050 60	0.10	0.000 400 2	0.1	1.050 877 667
异菌脲Iprodione	低Low	0.000 165 0	0.009 90	0.01	0.000 081 1	—	—
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	低Low	0.003 126 7	0.023 00	0.01	0.009 223 7	0.01	4.776 716 667
甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin	中Medium	0.047 445 0	0.334 50	0.03	0.046 654 3	0.03	23.156 691 670
氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	中Medium	0.001 471 7	0.033 40	0.02	0.002 170 7	0.02	3.468 311 667
氯菊酯Permethrin	低Low	0.004 888 3	0.068 30	0.05	0.002 884 1	1.5	0.094 565 144

农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	残留量/(mg·kg^-1) Residue/(mg·kg^-1)		ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	平均值Mean	最大值Maximum	ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
霜霉威Propamocarb	低Low	0.000 001 7	0.000 06	0.40	0.000 000 1	2.0	0.000 062 305
多菌灵Carbendazim	低Low	0.009 245 8	0.231 73	0.03	0.009 091 7	0.1	4.812 645 883
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	低Low	0.003 918 0	0.197 64	0.20	0.000 577 9	NN	—
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	低Low	0.007 366 7	0.156 26	0.07	0.003 104 5	0.1	3.245 259 767
氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron	低Low	0.000 006 2	0.000 15	0.05	0.000 003 6	—	—
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	低Low	0.004 196 3	0.184 18	0.06	0.002 063 2	0.4	0.956 277 908
二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin	低Low	0.000 461 5	0.003 43	0.10	0.000 136 1	1.0	0.007 123 538
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	低Low	0.021 784 2	0.556 66	0.08	0.008 032 9	1.0	1.156 090 043
烯效唑Uniconazole	低Low	0.000 294 7	0.014 64	0.02	0.000 434 6	—	—
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	中Medium	0.000 523 5	0.028 02	0.01	0.001 544 3	0.1	0.581 928 700
虫酰肼Tebufenozide	低Low	0.004 159 0	0.229 18	0.02	0.006 134 5	0.9	0.528 854 070
哒螨灵Pyridaben	低Low	0.003 568 2	0.024 30	0.01	0.010 526 1	—	—
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	低Low	0.000 004 5	0.000 27	0.01	0.000 013 3	0.1	0.005 607 450
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph	低Low	0.008 602 5	0.442 01	0.20	0.001 268 9	0.6	1.529 968 503
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	低Low	0.013 421 2	0.163 42	0.03	0.013 197 5	0.7	0.484 851 576
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	低Low	0.000 456 3	0.017 65	0.20	0.000 067 3	NN	—
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	低Low	0.006 339 3	0.096 16	0.01	0.018 701 0	0.3	0.665 694 311
阿维菌素Abamectin	中Medium	0.000 955 0	0.032 97	0.001	0.028 172 5	0.003	22.824 398 330
百菌清Chlorothalonil	低Low	0.000 506 7	0.030 40	0.02	0.000 747 3	0.6	0.105 226 222
腐霉利Procymidone	低Low	0.001 356 7	0.050 60	0.10	0.000 400 2	0.1	1.050 877 667
异菌脲Iprodione	低Low	0.000 165 0	0.009 90	0.01	0.000 081 1	—	—
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	低Low	0.003 126 7	0.023 00	0.01	0.009 223 7	0.01	4.776 716 667
甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin	中Medium	0.047 445 0	0.334 50	0.03	0.046 654 3	0.03	23.156 691 670
氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	中Medium	0.001 471 7	0.033 40	0.02	0.002 170 7	0.02	3.468 311 667
氯菊酯Permethrin	低Low	0.004 888 3	0.068 30	0.05	0.002 884 1	1.5	0.094 565 144

农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	残留量/(mg·kg^-1) Residue/(mg·kg^-1)		ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	平均值Mean	最大值Maximum	ADI/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ch/%	ARfD/ (mg· kg^-1)	R_ac/%
霜霉威Propamocarb	低Low	0.000 002 3	0.000 100	0.40	0.000 000 031	2.00	0.000 000 119
多菌灵Carbendazim	低Low	0.000 053 5	0.001 430	0.03	0.000 009 511	0.10	0.000 033 963
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	低Low	0.000 008 8	0.000 260	0.20	0.000 000 236	NN	—
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	低Low	0.000 159 0	0.002 670	0.07	0.000 012 114	0.10	0.000 063 413
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	低Low	0.000 043 5	0.000 044	0.01	0.000 023 200	0.10	0.000 044 413
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	低Low	0.000 709 5	0.000 710	0.03	0.000 126 133	0.70	0.000 021 545
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	低Low	0.000 356 0	0.000 356	0.20	0.000 009 493	NN	—
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	低Low	0.000 031 0	0.000 031	0.01	0.000 016 533	0.30	0.000 005 067
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	低Low	0.001 521 7	0.001 522	0.03	0.000 270 519	0.03	0.001 900 000
氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	中Medium	0.002 221 7	0.002 222	0.02	0.000 592 444	0.02	0.003 455 625
氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin	中Medium	0.001 735 0	0.001 735	0.02	0.000 462 667	0.04	0.002 030 625
甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin	中Medium	0.000 063 3	0.000 063	0.03	0.000 011 259	0.03	0.000 300 833
溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin	中Medium	0.000 066 7	0.000 067	0.01	0.000 035 556	0.05	0.000 190 000

新疆无核白葡萄及其干制品的农药残留风险评估

Risk assessment of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless and dried products in Xinjiang of China

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样品 Sample	风险指数Risk index			样品分布数量(比例) Sample distribution quantity (proportion)
样品 Sample	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Average	极低风险 Very low risk	低风险 Low risk	中风险 Medium risk	高风险 High risk
葡萄Grape	5	36	17.7	0(0)	22(36.7%)	15(25.0%)	23(38.3%)
葡萄干Raisin	0	19	5.3	27(45.0%)	31(51.7%)	2(3.3%)	0(0)

农药Pesticide	ADI	E_MRL	MRL	RMRL	P99.5
霜霉威Propamocarb	0.40	65	2	65	0.000 1
多菌灵Carbendazim	0.03	5	3	5	0.231 7
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	0.20	32	4	32	0.197 6
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	0.07	11	0.5	11	0.156 3
氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron	0.05	8	0.05	8	0.000 2
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	0.06	10	1	10	0.184 2
二甲戊乐灵Pendimethalin	0.10	16	—	16	0.003 4
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	0.08	13	2	13	0.556 7
烯效唑Uniconazole	0.02	3	—	3	0.014 6
毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos	0.01	2	0.5	2	0.028 0
虫酰肼Tebufenozide	0.02	3	2	3	0.229 2
哒螨灵Pyridaben	0.01	2	—	2	0.024 3
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	0.01	2	2	2	0.000 3
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph	0.20	32	5	32	0.442 0
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	0.03	5	2	5	0.163 4
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	0.20	32	5	32	0.017 7
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	0.01	2	0.5	2	0.096 2
阿维菌素Abamectin	0.001	0.2	0.03	0.2	0.033 0
百菌清Chlorothalonil	0.02	3	10	3	0.030 4
腐霉利Procymidone	0.10	16	5	16	0.050 6
异菌脲Iprodione	0.01	10	10	10	0.009 9
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	0.01	2	0.3	2	0.023 0
甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin	0.03	5	5	5	0.334 5
氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	0.02	3	0.2	3	0.033 4
氯菊酯Permethrin	0.05	8	2	8	0.068 3

农药Pesticide	ADI	E_MRL	MRL	RMRL	P99.5
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	0.01	7	6	7	0.000 6
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	0.03	22	5	22	0.006 4
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	0.03	22	—	22	0.024 0
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	0.07	50	—	50	0.002 7
多菌灵Carbendazim	0.03	22	—	22	0.001 4
甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin	0.03	23	—	23	0.003 8
氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin	0.02	14	0.3	14	0.029 1
氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin	0.02	15	0.5	15	0.034 2
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	0.01	7	0.05	7	0.001 9
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	0.20	144	—	144	0.008 4
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	0.20	145	5	145	0.000 3
霜霉威Propamocarb	0.40	287	—	287	0.000 1
溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin	0.01	7	0.5	7	0.004 0

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