不同砧木对天工翠玉葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.07

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 52-61.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.01.07

不同砧木对天工翠玉葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

崔鹏飞¹^,²(), 魏灵珠², 程建徽², 向江², 李明山², 吴江^*(),

1.西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌 712100
2.浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2020-07-09 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-25
作者简介:*吴江,E-mail:wujiang@zaas.ac.cn
崔鹏飞(1991—),男,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为葡萄设施栽培。E-mail:944727654@qq.com
通讯作者: 吴江
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-12);浙江省果品新品种选育专项(2016C02052-6);浙江省农科院青年人才培养项目

Effects of different rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of Tiangong Cuiyu grape

CUI Pengfei¹^,²(), WEI Lingzhu², CHENG Jianhui², XIANG Jiang², LI Mingshan², WU Jiang2^*(),

1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2020-07-09 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-25
Contact: WU Jiang2

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究南方湿热地区不同砧木对天工翠玉葡萄生长结果和果实品质的影响,筛选综合品质优良的砧穗组合,以7种砧木嫁接天工翠玉,天工翠玉扦插自根树作对照,对植株的生长结果习性、果实经济性状、果实品质等多项指标进行调查和测定,分析各砧穗组合差异性,采用主成分分析法对葡萄砧穗组合的果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明,SO4、5BB和Dogridge砧嫁接植株盛花期均早于自根树;7种砧木均可提高嫁接植株结果枝率;SO4、5BB、Macadams砧嫁接树单株产量均高于自根树,分别提高了1.9%、2.4%、10.0%;5BB、Dogridge、抗砧5号、101-14和Macadams砧嫁接树穗砧粗度比与自根树差异不显著,嫁接亲和;SO4、5BB和Macadams砧均能提高嫁接树穗重。5BB砧嫁接树果实硬度最高为平均4.07 N,比自根树提高了60.9%;SO4、5BB和Macadams砧嫁接树比自根树总糖含量高;5BB砧嫁接树蔗糖含量高于自根树,为平均7.97 mg·g^-1,比自根树提高了33.05%。主成分分析法综合评价表明,7种砧木中,5BB为最适宜天工翠玉葡萄嫁接的优良砧木。

关键词: 葡萄, 天工翠玉, 砧木, 品质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of Tiangong Cuiyu grape in hot and humid area of South China, and screen the rootstock-scion combinations with good comprehensive quality, 7 kinds of rootstock were grafted with Tiangong Cuiyu, and self-grafted Tiangong Cuiyu were set as the control. The growth, economic characteristics and fruit quality of the plants were investigated and measured, the differences of the rootstock-scion combinations were analyzed, and the fruit quality of grape rootstock-scion combination was evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis. The results showed that the flowering period of grafted plants with the rootstock of SO4, 5BB and Dogridge were earlier than that of the self-grafted plants. All 7 kinds of rootstocks could improve the fruiting rate. The yield per plant of grafted plants of SO4, 5BB and Macadams were higher than that of self-grafted plants, increasing by 1.9%, 2.4% and 10.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the thickness ratio of grafted plants of 5BB, Dogridge, Kangzhen No. 5, 101-14 and Macadams. The rootstocks of SO4, 5BB and Macadams could all improve the quality of grafted plants. The fruit hardness of grafted plants with 5BB was 4.07 N on average, which was 60.9% higher than that of self-grafted plants. The total sugar content of grafted plants with SO4, 5BB and Macadams was higher than that of self-grafted plants. The sucrose content of grafted plants with 5BB was higher than that of self-grafted plants, with an average of 7.97 mg·g^-1, which was 33.05% higher than that of self-grafted plants. According to the principal component analysis, 5BB was the best rootstock suitable for Tiangong Cuiyu grape.

Key words: grape, Tiangong Cuiyu, rootstock, quality, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S663.1

崔鹏飞, 魏灵珠, 程建徽, 向江, 李明山, 吴江, . 不同砧木对天工翠玉葡萄生长和果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(1): 52-61.

CUI Pengfei, WEI Lingzhu, CHENG Jianhui, XIANG Jiang, LI Mingshan, WU Jiang2, . Effects of different rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of Tiangong Cuiyu grape[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(1): 52-61.

图/表 11

参考文献 27

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砧木 Rootstock	遗传来源 Genetic origin	品种特性 Varietal characteristic
SO4	V. riparia × V. berlandieri	耐湿性强,不抗旱,抗石灰质土壤,抗根瘤蚜弱,抗根癌病,抗根结线虫 Strong moisture resistance, drought sensitivity, limestone soil resistance, weak resistance to rhizoma aphid, root cancer resistance, root knot nematode resistance
5BB	V. berlandieri	抗根瘤蚜、抗线虫,耐石灰土,适合潮湿、黏性土壤,生根性好 Rhizoma aphid resistance, nematode resistance, lime soil tolerance, suitable for wet, cohesive soil, good rooting
Dogridge	V. champini	抗干旱,耐石灰质土壤,抗根结线虫,较抗根瘤蚜,扦插难生根 Drought resistance, calcareous soil tolerance, root-knot nematode resistance, phylloxera resistance, cutting difficult to root
抗砧5号 Kangzhen No.5	V. riparia× V. labrusca	极耐盐碱(0.7%NaCl和18%饱和石灰水),高抗葡萄根瘤蚜,高抗根结线虫,适应性广 Extremely saline-alkali resistance (0.7%NaCl and 18% saturated lime water), highly resistant to grape phylloxera, highly resistant to root-knot nematodes, highly adaptability
Riparia Gloire	V. riparia	矮化砧,树势强,生长量大,嫁接亲和性好,易小脚,抗根瘤蚜和真菌病害。喜新鲜,潮湿的土壤 Dwarfing rootstock, strong tree vigor, good growth, good grafting affinity, easy to small feet, resistant to phylloxera and fungal diseases, prefers fresh, moist soil
101-14	V. riparia× V. rupestris	矮化,早熟,嫁接后小脚不明显,耐涝性强,抗线虫 Dwarfism, early maturity, small feet not obvious after grafting, strong waterlogging resistance, nematode resistance
Macadams	V. riparia	根系抗寒性强,嫁接亲和性强,高抗真菌病害,高抗根瘤蚜,耐高温耐潮湿 The root system has strong cold resistance, strong grafting affinity, high resistance to fungal diseases, high resistance to phylloxera, high resistance to high temperature and humidity

砧木 Rootstock	遗传来源 Genetic origin	品种特性 Varietal characteristic
SO4	V. riparia × V. berlandieri	耐湿性强,不抗旱,抗石灰质土壤,抗根瘤蚜弱,抗根癌病,抗根结线虫 Strong moisture resistance, drought sensitivity, limestone soil resistance, weak resistance to rhizoma aphid, root cancer resistance, root knot nematode resistance
5BB	V. berlandieri	抗根瘤蚜、抗线虫,耐石灰土,适合潮湿、黏性土壤,生根性好 Rhizoma aphid resistance, nematode resistance, lime soil tolerance, suitable for wet, cohesive soil, good rooting
Dogridge	V. champini	抗干旱,耐石灰质土壤,抗根结线虫,较抗根瘤蚜,扦插难生根 Drought resistance, calcareous soil tolerance, root-knot nematode resistance, phylloxera resistance, cutting difficult to root
抗砧5号 Kangzhen No.5	V. riparia× V. labrusca	极耐盐碱(0.7%NaCl和18%饱和石灰水),高抗葡萄根瘤蚜,高抗根结线虫,适应性广 Extremely saline-alkali resistance (0.7%NaCl and 18% saturated lime water), highly resistant to grape phylloxera, highly resistant to root-knot nematodes, highly adaptability
Riparia Gloire	V. riparia	矮化砧,树势强,生长量大,嫁接亲和性好,易小脚,抗根瘤蚜和真菌病害。喜新鲜,潮湿的土壤 Dwarfing rootstock, strong tree vigor, good growth, good grafting affinity, easy to small feet, resistant to phylloxera and fungal diseases, prefers fresh, moist soil
101-14	V. riparia× V. rupestris	矮化,早熟,嫁接后小脚不明显,耐涝性强,抗线虫 Dwarfism, early maturity, small feet not obvious after grafting, strong waterlogging resistance, nematode resistance
Macadams	V. riparia	根系抗寒性强,嫁接亲和性强,高抗真菌病害,高抗根瘤蚜,耐高温耐潮湿 The root system has strong cold resistance, strong grafting affinity, high resistance to fungal diseases, high resistance to phylloxera, high resistance to high temperature and humidity

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	时期(月-日)Date
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	萌芽Sporut	初花Initial flower	盛花Profuse flower	转熟Veraison	成熟Mature
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	03-17	04-22	04-25	06-26	08-02
TC/SO4	03-15	04-22	04-24	06-21	07-30
TC/5BB	03-16	04-22	04-24	06-24	07-31
TC/Dogridge	03-15	04-22	04-24	06-26	08-02
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	03-16	04-23	04-25	06-26	08-03
TC/Riparia Gloire	03-18	04-24	04-25	06-27	08-04
TC/101-14	03-18	04-23	04-25	06-26	08-05
TC/Macadams	03-16	04-24	04-25	06-23	08-01

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	时期(月-日)Date
砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	萌芽Sporut	初花Initial flower	盛花Profuse flower	转熟Veraison	成熟Mature
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	03-17	04-22	04-25	06-26	08-02
TC/SO4	03-15	04-22	04-24	06-21	07-30
TC/5BB	03-16	04-22	04-24	06-24	07-31
TC/Dogridge	03-15	04-22	04-24	06-26	08-02
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	03-16	04-23	04-25	06-26	08-03
TC/Riparia Gloire	03-18	04-24	04-25	06-27	08-04
TC/101-14	03-18	04-23	04-25	06-26	08-05
TC/Macadams	03-16	04-24	04-25	06-23	08-01

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	新梢节间粗 Shootinternode thickness/mm	新梢节间长 Shoot internode length/cm	主干茎粗 Main stem thickness/mm	接穗茎粗 Scion thickness/mm	穗砧粗度比 Ratio of main stem to scion thickness
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	7.83±1.58 b	10.80±1.28 a	29.72±2.60 bc	29.72±2.60 cd	1.00±0 bc
TC/SO4	7.50±0.77 b	12.50±0.50 a	29.70±1.40 bc	40.83±2.95 ab	1.38±0.05 a
TC/5BB	7.52±0.28 b	9.67±0.42 a	37.15±2.45 a	45.62±3.17 a	1.23±0.11 ab
TC/Dogridge	8.19±1.61 ab	9.77±2.18 a	36.41±0.38 ab	36.22±3.43 bc	1.00±0.08 bc
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	7.53±0.91 b	13.00±1.32 a	29.06±8.74 c	21.36±4.03 e	0.78±0.23 c
TC/Riparia Gloire	9.57±0.80 ab	12.00±1.80 a	21.05±2.37 d	28.40±3.87 cde	1.35±0.05 a
TC/101-14	9.32±0.63 ab	11.00±0.87 a	28.43±2.17 c	29.06±4.53 cde	1.02±0.15 bc
TC/Macadams	10.03±1.23 a	12.17±3.51 a	20.66±4.40 d	23.80±7.93 de	1.13±0.21 ab

不同砧木对天工翠玉葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of different rootstocks on growth and fruit quality of Tiangong Cuiyu grape

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砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	萌芽率 Germination rate/%	结果枝率 Percentage of fruiting branches/%	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	70.42	68.00	4.21
TC/SO4	76.92	86.67	4.29
TC/5BB	67.50	85.19	4.31
TC/Dogridge	73.85	87.50	3.73
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	64.56	88.24	3.66
TC/Riparia Gloire	76.60	77.78	3.99
TC/101-14	78.05	68.75	3.87
TC/Macadams	69.57	81.25	4.63

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	穗重 Cluster weight/g	果穗长 Cluster length/cm	果穗宽 Cluster width/cm	粒重 Berry weight/g	果粒纵径 Vertical diameter/cm	果粒横径 Transverse diameter/cm	果形指数 Fruit shape index
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	300.36±1.70 a	17.00±1.50 ab	11.00±0.50 a	7.00±0.33 a	2.64±0.01 abc	2.25±0.03 a	1.18±0.02 a
TC/SO4	306.35±10.06 ab	15.00±1.32 bc	9.00±0.50 b	6.29±0.53 b	2.48±0.07 bc	2.08±0.06 b	1.19±0.01 a
TC/5BB	307.99±9.78 ab	15.83±1.26 ab	9.17±0.76 b	6.78±0.58 ab	2.47±0.13 c	2.18±0.07 ab	1.13±0.03 bc
TC/Dogridge	266.47±96.08 b	15.33±1.26 bc	9.37±1.00 b	6.73±1.31 ab	2.57±0.16 abc	2.20±0.16 ab	1.17±0.02 ab
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	261.74±9.65 b	13.33±0.29 c	9.20±0.80 b	7.41±0.25 ab	2.56±0.04 abc	2.29±0.06 a	1.12±0.03 c
TC/Riparia Gloire	284.79±56.53 b	16.33±0.29 ab	8.90±0.56 b	7.73±0.32 a	2.69±0.07 a	2.23±0.02 a	1.20±0.02 a
TC/101-14	276.66±65.78 b	13.70±1.21 c	9.47±0.50 b	7.12±0.10 ab	2.61±0.06 abc	2.21±0.03 ab	1.18±0.03 a
TC/Macadams	330.47±51.13 ab	17.67±0.76 a	9.00±0.50 b	7.41±0.37 ab	2.65±0.10 ab	2.20±0.05 ab	1.20±0.02 a

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	硬度 Hardness/N	总糖 Total sugar/ (mg·g^-1)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids/%	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	固酸比 Ratio of soluble solid to acid	总酚 Total phenol/ (mg·g^-1)
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	2.53±1.13 b	159.23±10.78 abc	19.40±0.44 b	0.56±0.07 bc	34.76±3.58 bcd	0.55±0.04 cd
TC/SO4	1.53±0.82 b	167.77±8.32 ab	20.40±0.44 a	0.42±0.02 d	48.77±3.35 a	0.84±0.02 a
TC/5BB	4.07±1.06 a	160.06±9.33 abc	19.37±0.25 b	0.57±0.02 bc	33.79±1.14 cde	0.47±0.01 f
TC/Dogridge	2.17±1.40 b	141.48±6.04 c	17.73±0.57 c	0.60±0.04 ab	29.84±2.17 e	0.60±0.02 b
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	1.58±0.34 b	153.00±21.85 abc	19.33±0.75 b	0.51±0.02 c	37.83±2.58 bc	0.52±0.02 de
TC/Riparia Gloire	1.74±0.73 b	146.86±10.44 bc	19.5±0.00 b	0.64±0.02 a	30.49±0.89 de	0.50±0.02 ef
TC/101-14	2.14±1.21 b	154.00±16.38 abc	20.20±0.40 ab	0.52±0.03 c	39.10±2.88 b	0.57±0.01 bc
TC/Macadams	2.51±0.39 b	172.00±6.40 a	19.77±0.40 ab	0.53±0.03 c	37.43±2.52 bc	0.57±0.02 bc

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	蔗糖 Sucrose/(mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖 Glucose/(mg·g^-1)	果糖 Fructose/(mg·g^-1)	果糖/葡萄糖 Fructose/Glucose
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	5.99±0.35 bcd	77.92±5.28 abc	75.32±5.19 abc	0.97±0.01 cd
TC/SO4	5.41±0.31 d	82.18±3.95 ab	80.18±4.05 ab	0.98±0.01 b
TC/5BB	7.97±0.40 a	77.46±4.50 abc	74.63±4.44 abc	0.96±0.00 d
TC/Dogridge	5.85±0.31 cd	68.14±2.93 c	67.49±2.84 c	0.99±0.01 a
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	6.29±0.90 bcd	74.47±10.58 abc	72.24±10.38 abc	0.97±0.00 bc
TC/Riparia Gloire	6.01±0.38 bcd	71.78±5.01 bc	69.07±5.05 bc	0.96±0.00 d
TC/101-14	6.86±0.74 b	75.41±7.92 abc	71.73±7.71 abc	0.95±0.00 e
TC/Macadams	6.66±0.21 bc	83.96±3.08 a	81.38±3.11 a	0.97±0.00 bc

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	草酸 Oxalic acid/ (mg·g^-1)	酒石酸 Tartaric acid/ (mg·g^-1)	苹果酸 Malic acid/ (mg·g^-1)	柠檬酸 Citric acid/ (mg·g^-1)	β
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	0.09±0.03 bc	2.03±0.25 a	2.45±0.13 bc	6.36±0.51 a	0.83±0.14 bc
TC/SO4	0.07±0.01 c	1.68±0.20 a	1.22±0.08 d	1.37±0.21 e	1.37±0.16 a
TC/5BB	0.11±0.04 b	2.00±0.97 a	2.64±0.09 ab	4.99±0.76 b	0.77±0.40 bc
TC/Dogridge	0.08±0.00 bc	1.92±0.33 a	2.65±0.11 ab	4.19±0.18 bc	0.72±0.12 bc
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	0.08±0.01 bc	1.83±0.27 a	2.87±0.41 a	4.32±0.71 bc	0.65±0.13 bc
TC/Riparia Gloire	0.09±0.01 bc	1.51±0.05 a	2.99±0.27 a	4.58±0.70 bc	0.51±0.04 c
TC/101-14	0.20±0.02 a	1.90±0.04 a	2.19±0.30 c	2.99±0.38 d	0.88±0.14 b
TC/Macadams	0.11±0.02 b	1.60±0.11 a	2.39±0.11 bc	3.91±0.25 c	0.67±0.03 bc

主成分编号 Principle component numbers	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution ratio/%	累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution ratio/%
F1	9.311	31.037	31.037
F2	6.390	21.301	52.338
F3	4.344	14.478	66.817
F4	3.244	10.813	77.629
F5	3.128	10.427	88.056
F6	2.667	8.890	96.946

指标	成分1	成分2	成分3	成分4	成分5	成分6
Index	Component 1	Component 2	Component 3	Component 4	Component 5	Component 6
新梢节间粗Shoot internode thickness	-0.144	0.780	-0.044	-0.403	0.266	0.076
新梢节间长Shoot internode length	0.415	0.532	-0.303	-0.035	-0.607	0.191
主干茎粗Main stem thickness	-0.105	-0.946	0.063	0.171	0.117	-0.210
接穗茎粗Scion stem thickness	0.299	-0.727	0.196	-0.074	0.549	0.072
穗砧粗度比Ratio of main scion to stock thickness	0.485	0.094	0.078	-0.278	0.636	0.356
萌芽率Percentage of pullulation	0.372	0.277	-0.340	-0.210	0.659	-0.429
结果枝率Percentage of fruiting branches	0.190	-0.543	-0.436	-0.009	-0.213	0.648
单株产量Yield per plant	-0.426	-0.651	0.154	-0.510	-0.040	0.228
穗重Cluster weight	0.105	0.284	0.762	0.538	0.150	0.006
果穗长Cluster length	-0.065	0.406	0.480	0.321	0.477	0.514
果穗宽Cluster wide	-0.253	0.067	0.460	0.664	0.026	-0.515
粒重Berry weight	-0.622	0.691	0.185	0.145	-0.203	-0.012
果粒纵径Vertical diameter	-0.439	0.876	-0.080	0.086	0.131	-0.074
果粒横径Vertical diameter	-0.832	0.263	-0.024	0.117	-0.459	-0.117
果形指数Fruit shape index	0.349	0.718	-0.064	0.084	0.584	-0.033
硬度Hardness	-0.304	-0.442	0.750	-0.191	0.237	0.204
总糖Total sugar	0.658	0.195	0.627	-0.012	-0.226	0.261
可溶性固形物Soluble solids	0.626	0.376	0.355	-0.405	-0.237	-0.177
可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content	-0.859	0.125	-0.075	-0.033	0.448	0.181
固酸比Ratio of soluble solid to acid	0.921	-0.007	0.067	-0.054	-0.333	-0.174
总酚Total phenols	0.915	-0.060	-0.262	0.249	0.120	-0.115
蔗糖Sucrose	-0.358	-0.317	0.606	-0.604	-0.080	0.101
葡萄糖Glucose	0.671	0.246	0.615	-0.016	-0.230	0.221
果糖Fructose	0.709	0.193	0.550	0.088	-0.212	0.290
果糖/葡萄糖Fructose/Glucose	0.235	-0.290	-0.418	0.712	0.109	0.299
草酸Oxalic acid	-0.102	0.175	0.274	-0.633	0.048	-0.625
酒石酸Tartaric acid	-0.313	-0.630	0.402	0.278	-0.063	-0.502
苹果酸Malic acid	-0.954	0.082	-0.092	-0.079	-0.109	0.234
柠檬酸Citric acid	-0.816	0.049	0.409	0.362	0.007	0.094
β	0.891	-0.283	0.081	0.142	0.071	-0.295

砧穗组合 Rootstock-scion combination	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	F₆	F	排名 Ranking
TC自根树Self-grafted TC	0.383	-0.087	0.415	-0.071	2.304	-0.319	0.365	2
TC/SO4	-2.147	-0.095	0.631	0.317	-0.390	-0.699	-0.664	8
TC/5BB	0.494	2.159	0.566	-0.576	-0.557	0.332	0.604	1
TC/Dogridge	-0.041	0.516	-1.692	0.149	0.104	-1.243	-0.231	6
TC/抗砧5号Kangzhen No.5	0.428	-1.191	-0.080	-1.985	-0.655	-0.261	-0.439	7
TC/Riparia Gloire	0.943	-0.530	-0.649	1.422	-0.754	0.113	0.171	4
TC/101-14	-0.710	-0.216	-0.712	-0.018	0.305	2.160	-0.148	5
TC/Macadams	0.649	-0.557	1.520	0.761	-0.357	-0.083	0.341	3

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