浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1265-1277.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.04
张雪楠1(
), 王乐乐1, 钮铭轩1, 詹妮1, 任浩杰2, 徐浩聪1, 杨昆1, 武立权1,3, 柯健1, 尤翠翠1, 何海兵1,*(
)
收稿日期:2022-07-15
出版日期:2023-06-25
发布日期:2023-07-04
作者简介:张雪楠(1998—),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要从事农作物光谱模型研究。E-mail:2869231417@qq.com
通讯作者:
*何海兵,E-mail:hhb_agr@ahau.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZHANG Xuenan1(
), WANG Lele1, NIU Mingxuan1, ZHAN Ni1, REN Haojie2, XU Haocong1, YANG Kun1, WU Liquan1,3, KE Jian1, YOU Cuicui1, HE Haibing1,*(
)
Received:2022-07-15
Online:2023-06-25
Published:2023-07-04
摘要:
水稻冠层叶片含水量(leaf water content,LWC)快速无损监测对指导稻田精准灌溉和提高水稻水分利用效率具有重要意义。试验设置3个不同水分处理(传统淹灌、轻度干湿交替-15 kPa、重度干湿交替-30 kPa),于水分敏感期(抽穗-灌浆期)动态监测顶1叶(L1)、顶2叶(L2)和顶3叶(L3)的光谱数据和叶绿素荧光参数,通过全光谱波段筛选出水分敏感波段,建立新型植被指数,结合叶绿素荧光参数,以期建立基于叶位组合的水稻冠层LWC精准监测模型。结果表明:水稻叶片水分敏感波段在近红外波段(1 000~1 400 nm),所构建新型植被指数NDSII(1114,1387)较传统植被指数能更好地监测LWC;通过筛选与LWC有高相关性的荧光参数,基于实际光量子产量Y(Ⅱ)和植被指数NDSII(1114,1387)的耦合监测模型较单一植被指数NDSII(1114,1387)模型精度提高71.807%~83.976%。与单叶相比,L2和L3叶位组合的Y(Ⅱ)和植被指数NDSII(1114,1387)耦合模型对水稻冠层LWC监测精度相较L2、L3分别显著(P<0.05)提高11.641%和23.029%。由此表明,基于叶位组合的叶片反射光谱与叶绿素荧光耦合可有效监测水稻冠层LWC,为光学仪器监测水稻LWC提供理论基础,并对未来利用反射光谱与荧光参数进行作物光合作用研究提供理论支持。
中图分类号:
张雪楠, 王乐乐, 钮铭轩, 詹妮, 任浩杰, 徐浩聪, 杨昆, 武立权, 柯健, 尤翠翠, 何海兵. 基于叶片反射光谱和叶绿素荧光估测水稻叶片含水量[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1265-1277.
ZHANG Xuenan, WANG Lele, NIU Mingxuan, ZHAN Ni, REN Haojie, XU Haocong, YANG Kun, WU Liquan, KE Jian, YOU Cuicui, HE Haibing. Estimation of rice leaf water content based on leaf reflectance spectrum and chlorophyll fluorescence[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(6): 1265-1277.
| 植被指数 Vegetation index | 计算公式 Algorithm | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 归一化差值短红外指数Normalized difference short infrared index (NDSII) | VNDSII=(Rλ1-Rλ2)/(Rλ1+Rλ2) | 本研究This study |
| 归一化差值植被指数Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) | VNDVI=(R895-R675)/(R895+R675) | [ |
| 归一化差值近红外指数Normalized difference infrared index (NDII) | VNDII=(R819-R1600)/(R819+R1600) | [ |
| 归一化差值水分指数Normalized difference water index (NDWI) | VNDWI=(R860-R1240)/(R860+R1240) | [ |
| 水分指数Water index (WI) | VWI=R970/R900 | [ |
| 简单比值水分指数Simple ratio water index (SRWI) | VSRWI=R860/R1240 | [ |
| 水分胁迫指数Moisture stress index (MSI) | VMSI=R1600/R820 | [ |
| 全球植被水分指数Global vegetation water index (GVWI) | VGVWI=[(R820+0.1)-(R1600+0.2)]/ | [ |
| [(R820+0.1)+(R1600+0.2)] |
表1 本研究采用的植被指数列表
Table 1 List of vegetation indexes used in this study
| 植被指数 Vegetation index | 计算公式 Algorithm | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 归一化差值短红外指数Normalized difference short infrared index (NDSII) | VNDSII=(Rλ1-Rλ2)/(Rλ1+Rλ2) | 本研究This study |
| 归一化差值植被指数Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) | VNDVI=(R895-R675)/(R895+R675) | [ |
| 归一化差值近红外指数Normalized difference infrared index (NDII) | VNDII=(R819-R1600)/(R819+R1600) | [ |
| 归一化差值水分指数Normalized difference water index (NDWI) | VNDWI=(R860-R1240)/(R860+R1240) | [ |
| 水分指数Water index (WI) | VWI=R970/R900 | [ |
| 简单比值水分指数Simple ratio water index (SRWI) | VSRWI=R860/R1240 | [ |
| 水分胁迫指数Moisture stress index (MSI) | VMSI=R1600/R820 | [ |
| 全球植被水分指数Global vegetation water index (GVWI) | VGVWI=[(R820+0.1)-(R1600+0.2)]/ | [ |
| [(R820+0.1)+(R1600+0.2)] |
图1 水稻LWC的变化特征 柱上无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig.1 Characteristics of LWC variation in rice Data on the bars marked without the same lowercase letter indicate significant differences at P<0.05. The same as below.
| 分组因子 Grouping factor | 变异来源 Variation source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F值 F-value | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分处理 | 组间Intergroup | 0.011 | 2 | 0.005 | 18.154 | <0.01 |
| Water treatment | 组内Intragroup | 0.023 | 78 | 0 | ||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 | ||||
| 品种Variety | 组间Intergroup | 0.001 | 2 | 0 | 0.958 | 0.388 |
| 组内Intragroup | 0.033 | 78 | 0 | |||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 | ||||
| 观测时期 | 组间Intergroup | 0.017 | 2 | 0.009 | 39.646 | 0 |
| Observed periods | 组内Intragroup | 0.017 | 78 | 0 | ||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 |
表2 LWC在品种、观测时期和水分处理下的方差分析
Table 2 Analysis of variance of LWC among varieties, water treatments, and observed periods, respectively
| 分组因子 Grouping factor | 变异来源 Variation source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F值 F-value | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分处理 | 组间Intergroup | 0.011 | 2 | 0.005 | 18.154 | <0.01 |
| Water treatment | 组内Intragroup | 0.023 | 78 | 0 | ||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 | ||||
| 品种Variety | 组间Intergroup | 0.001 | 2 | 0 | 0.958 | 0.388 |
| 组内Intragroup | 0.033 | 78 | 0 | |||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 | ||||
| 观测时期 | 组间Intergroup | 0.017 | 2 | 0.009 | 39.646 | 0 |
| Observed periods | 组内Intragroup | 0.017 | 78 | 0 | ||
| 总计Total | 0.034 | 80 |
| 时期 Stage | 叶位 Leaf position | Fv/Fm | Fo | Y(Ⅱ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 抽穗期 | L1 | 0.572** | -0.573** | 0.705** |
| Heading stage | L2 | 0.709** | -0.591** | 0.778** |
| L3 | 0.662** | -0.585** | 0.740** | |
| L12 | 0.717** | -0.594** | 0.797** | |
| L13 | 0.677** | -0.634** | 0.785** | |
| L23 | 0.732** | -0.656** | 0.800** | |
| 开花期 | L1 | 0.676** | -0.535** | 0.642** |
| Flowering stage | L2 | 0.694** | -0.613** | 0.758** |
| L3 | 0.679** | -0.570** | 0.756** | |
| L12 | 0.717** | -0.603** | 0.747** | |
| L13 | 0.714** | -0.589** | 0.735** | |
| L23 | 0.721** | -0.623** | 0.767** | |
| 灌浆期 | L1 | 0.604** | -0.528** | 0.718** |
| Filling stage | L2 | 0.674** | -0.589** | 0.767** |
| L3 | 0.645** | -0.548** | 0.748** | |
| L12 | 0.681** | -0.625** | 0.792** | |
| L13 | 0.664** | -0.586** | 0.776** | |
| L23 | 0.698** | -0.669** | 0.807** | |
| 抽穗-灌浆期 | L1 | 0.560** | -0.426** | 0.580** |
| Heading- | L2 | 0.613** | -0.577** | 0.644** |
| filling stage | L3 | 0.592** | -0.521** | 0.607** |
| L12 | 0.626** | -0.528** | 0.654** | |
| L13 | 0.632** | -0.517** | 0.635** | |
| L23 | 0.654** | -0.618** | 0.663** |
表3 不同时期荧光参数与水稻LWC的相关系数
Table 3 Correlation coefficient between different fluorescence parameters and rice LWC at different growth stages
| 时期 Stage | 叶位 Leaf position | Fv/Fm | Fo | Y(Ⅱ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 抽穗期 | L1 | 0.572** | -0.573** | 0.705** |
| Heading stage | L2 | 0.709** | -0.591** | 0.778** |
| L3 | 0.662** | -0.585** | 0.740** | |
| L12 | 0.717** | -0.594** | 0.797** | |
| L13 | 0.677** | -0.634** | 0.785** | |
| L23 | 0.732** | -0.656** | 0.800** | |
| 开花期 | L1 | 0.676** | -0.535** | 0.642** |
| Flowering stage | L2 | 0.694** | -0.613** | 0.758** |
| L3 | 0.679** | -0.570** | 0.756** | |
| L12 | 0.717** | -0.603** | 0.747** | |
| L13 | 0.714** | -0.589** | 0.735** | |
| L23 | 0.721** | -0.623** | 0.767** | |
| 灌浆期 | L1 | 0.604** | -0.528** | 0.718** |
| Filling stage | L2 | 0.674** | -0.589** | 0.767** |
| L3 | 0.645** | -0.548** | 0.748** | |
| L12 | 0.681** | -0.625** | 0.792** | |
| L13 | 0.664** | -0.586** | 0.776** | |
| L23 | 0.698** | -0.669** | 0.807** | |
| 抽穗-灌浆期 | L1 | 0.560** | -0.426** | 0.580** |
| Heading- | L2 | 0.613** | -0.577** | 0.644** |
| filling stage | L3 | 0.592** | -0.521** | 0.607** |
| L12 | 0.626** | -0.528** | 0.654** | |
| L13 | 0.632** | -0.517** | 0.635** | |
| L23 | 0.654** | -0.618** | 0.663** |
| 叶位 Leaf position | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision(R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | y =0.925x+0.670 | 0.337 | 0.363 | 0.018 | 2.318 |
| L2 | y=1.032x+0.674 | 0.415 | 0.429 | 0.016 | 2.197 |
| L3 | y=0.982x+0.682 | 0.369 | 0.416 | 0.016 | 2.295 |
| L12 | y=1.114x+0.666 | 0.427 | 0.457 | 0.016 | 2.163 |
| L13 | y=1.091x+0.670 | 0.404 | 0.425 | 0.016 | 2.215 |
| L23 | y=1.130x+0.673 | 0.439 | 0.468 | 0.015 | 2.156 |
表4 水稻LWC与荧光参数Y(Ⅱ)的定量关系与模型检验效果
Table 4 Quantitative relationship and model verification effect of LWC and fluorescence parameter Y(Ⅱ) in rice
| 叶位 Leaf position | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision(R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | y =0.925x+0.670 | 0.337 | 0.363 | 0.018 | 2.318 |
| L2 | y=1.032x+0.674 | 0.415 | 0.429 | 0.016 | 2.197 |
| L3 | y=0.982x+0.682 | 0.369 | 0.416 | 0.016 | 2.295 |
| L12 | y=1.114x+0.666 | 0.427 | 0.457 | 0.016 | 2.163 |
| L13 | y=1.091x+0.670 | 0.404 | 0.425 | 0.016 | 2.215 |
| L23 | y=1.130x+0.673 | 0.439 | 0.468 | 0.015 | 2.156 |
| 时期 | 叶位 | NDVI | NDII | NDWI | WI | SRWI | MSI | GVWI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | Leaf position | |||||||
| 抽穗期 | L1 | -0.663** | -0.604** | 0.674** | 0.588** | 0.591** | 0.623** | -0.603** |
| Heading stage | L2 | -0.759** | -0.678** | 0.743** | 0.615** | 0.680** | 0.675** | -0.626** |
| L3 | -0.678** | -0.644** | 0.735** | 0.637** | 0.625** | 0.660** | -0.684** | |
| L12 | -0.783** | -0.683** | 0.832** | 0.673** | 0.683** | 0.667** | -0.686** | |
| L13 | -0.764** | -0.661** | 0.748** | 0.699** | 0.681** | 0.683** | -0.677** | |
| L23 | -0.782** | -0.705** | 0.842** | 0.717** | 0.702** | 0.699** | -0.704** | |
| 开花期 | L1 | -0.631** | -0.599** | 0.583** | 0.604** | 0.582** | 0.588** | -0.608** |
| Flowering stage | L2 | -0.750** | -0.612** | 0.706** | 0.594** | 0.624** | 0.623** | -0.630** |
| L3 | -0.656** | -0.601** | 0.625** | 0.557** | 0.653** | 0.632** | -0.620** | |
| L12 | -0.716** | -0.629** | 0.721** | 0.628** | 0.622** | 0.632** | -0.664** | |
| L13 | -0.709** | -0.649** | 0.684** | 0.607** | 0.615** | 0.670** | -0.658** | |
| L23 | -0.725** | -0.657** | 0.737** | 0.621** | 0.667** | 0.696** | -0.709** | |
| 灌浆期 | L1 | -0.615** | -0.620** | 0.621** | 0.535** | 0.558** | 0.522** | -0.601** |
| Filling stage | L2 | -0.691** | -0.661** | 0.699** | 0.613** | 0.622** | 0.623** | -0.585** |
| L3 | -0.687** | -0.638** | 0.630** | 0.606** | 0.610** | 0.616** | -0.593** | |
| L12 | -0.765** | -0.673** | 0.687** | 0.689** | 0.627** | 0.614** | -0.700** | |
| L13 | -0.763** | -0.729** | 0.684** | 0.641** | 0.630** | 0.598** | -0.740** | |
| L23 | -0.775** | -0.746** | 0.702** | 0.722** | 0.673** | 0.694** | -0.652** | |
| 抽穗-灌浆期 | L1 | -0.581** | -0.507** | 0.565** | 0.548** | 0.543** | 0.524** | -0.495** |
| Heading-filling stage | L2 | -0.693** | -0.576** | 0.664** | 0.570** | 0.613** | 0.545** | -0.517** |
| L3 | -0.651** | -0.555** | 0.600** | 0.567** | 0.587** | 0.541** | -0.520** | |
| L12 | -0.702** | -0.546** | 0.644** | 0.565** | 0.624** | 0.538** | -0.516** | |
| L13 | -0.670** | -0.554** | 0.583** | 0.571** | 0.607** | 0.538** | -0.522** | |
| L23 | -0.731** | -0.583** | 0.656** | 0.576** | 0.643** | 0.545** | -0.521** |
表5 不同时期典型植被指数与水稻LWC的相关系数
Table 5 Correlation coefficient between typical vegetation indexes and rice LWC at different growth stages
| 时期 | 叶位 | NDVI | NDII | NDWI | WI | SRWI | MSI | GVWI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | Leaf position | |||||||
| 抽穗期 | L1 | -0.663** | -0.604** | 0.674** | 0.588** | 0.591** | 0.623** | -0.603** |
| Heading stage | L2 | -0.759** | -0.678** | 0.743** | 0.615** | 0.680** | 0.675** | -0.626** |
| L3 | -0.678** | -0.644** | 0.735** | 0.637** | 0.625** | 0.660** | -0.684** | |
| L12 | -0.783** | -0.683** | 0.832** | 0.673** | 0.683** | 0.667** | -0.686** | |
| L13 | -0.764** | -0.661** | 0.748** | 0.699** | 0.681** | 0.683** | -0.677** | |
| L23 | -0.782** | -0.705** | 0.842** | 0.717** | 0.702** | 0.699** | -0.704** | |
| 开花期 | L1 | -0.631** | -0.599** | 0.583** | 0.604** | 0.582** | 0.588** | -0.608** |
| Flowering stage | L2 | -0.750** | -0.612** | 0.706** | 0.594** | 0.624** | 0.623** | -0.630** |
| L3 | -0.656** | -0.601** | 0.625** | 0.557** | 0.653** | 0.632** | -0.620** | |
| L12 | -0.716** | -0.629** | 0.721** | 0.628** | 0.622** | 0.632** | -0.664** | |
| L13 | -0.709** | -0.649** | 0.684** | 0.607** | 0.615** | 0.670** | -0.658** | |
| L23 | -0.725** | -0.657** | 0.737** | 0.621** | 0.667** | 0.696** | -0.709** | |
| 灌浆期 | L1 | -0.615** | -0.620** | 0.621** | 0.535** | 0.558** | 0.522** | -0.601** |
| Filling stage | L2 | -0.691** | -0.661** | 0.699** | 0.613** | 0.622** | 0.623** | -0.585** |
| L3 | -0.687** | -0.638** | 0.630** | 0.606** | 0.610** | 0.616** | -0.593** | |
| L12 | -0.765** | -0.673** | 0.687** | 0.689** | 0.627** | 0.614** | -0.700** | |
| L13 | -0.763** | -0.729** | 0.684** | 0.641** | 0.630** | 0.598** | -0.740** | |
| L23 | -0.775** | -0.746** | 0.702** | 0.722** | 0.673** | 0.694** | -0.652** | |
| 抽穗-灌浆期 | L1 | -0.581** | -0.507** | 0.565** | 0.548** | 0.543** | 0.524** | -0.495** |
| Heading-filling stage | L2 | -0.693** | -0.576** | 0.664** | 0.570** | 0.613** | 0.545** | -0.517** |
| L3 | -0.651** | -0.555** | 0.600** | 0.567** | 0.587** | 0.541** | -0.520** | |
| L12 | -0.702** | -0.546** | 0.644** | 0.565** | 0.624** | 0.538** | -0.516** | |
| L13 | -0.670** | -0.554** | 0.583** | 0.571** | 0.607** | 0.538** | -0.522** | |
| L23 | -0.731** | -0.583** | 0.656** | 0.576** | 0.643** | 0.545** | -0.521** |
图5 两波段组合的归一化差值植被指数预测水稻LWC的R2、RMSE和RE等势图
Fig.5 Contour maps of R2、RMSE and RE of LWC predicted by normalized difference vegetation index based on two wavebands-combination in rice
| 叶位 Leaf position | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision(R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | y=-0.582x+0.930 | 0.482 | 0.505 | 0.015 | 2.065 |
| L2 | y=-0.620x+0.941 | 0.597 | 0.619 | 0.013 | 1.849 |
| L3 | y=-0.567x+0.915 | 0.577 | 0.618 | 0.013 | 1.873 |
| L12 | y=-0.781x+0.965 | 0.609 | 0.621 | 0.013 | 1.806 |
| L13 | y=-0.647x+0.948 | 0.598 | 0.627 | 0.013 | 1.825 |
| L23 | y=-0.654x+0.950 | 0.648 | 0.679 | 0.012 | 1.718 |
表6 水稻LWC与植被指数NDSII(1114,1387)的定量关系与模型检验效果
Table 6 Quantitative relationships and model verification effect of LWC and vegetation index NDSII(1114,1387) in rice
| 叶位 Leaf position | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision(R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | y=-0.582x+0.930 | 0.482 | 0.505 | 0.015 | 2.065 |
| L2 | y=-0.620x+0.941 | 0.597 | 0.619 | 0.013 | 1.849 |
| L3 | y=-0.567x+0.915 | 0.577 | 0.618 | 0.013 | 1.873 |
| L12 | y=-0.781x+0.965 | 0.609 | 0.621 | 0.013 | 1.806 |
| L13 | y=-0.647x+0.948 | 0.598 | 0.627 | 0.013 | 1.825 |
| L23 | y=-0.654x+0.950 | 0.648 | 0.679 | 0.012 | 1.718 |
| 模型 Model | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision (R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision ( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE/% | 校正效果 Correction effect/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y(Ⅱ) | NDSII | ||||||
| L1 | y=0.545a-0.482b+0.864 | 0.620 | 0.635 | 0.009 | 1.249 | 83.976 | 28.631 |
| L2 | y=0.367a-0.459b+0.871 | 0.713 | 0.725 | 0.008 | 1.090 | 71.807 | 19.430 |
| L3 | y=0.237a-0.668b+0.949 | 0.647 | 0.661 | 0.009 | 1.207 | 75.339 | 12.132 |
| L12 | y=0.495a-0.427b+0.852 | 0.768 | 0.777 | 0.007 | 0.981 | 79.859 | 26.108 |
| L13 | y=0.579a-0.478b+0.865 | 0.714 | 0.726 | 0.008 | 1.079 | 76.733 | 19.398 |
| L23 | y=0.452a-0.464b+0.866 | 0.796 | 0.804 | 0.007 | 0.917 | 81.321 | 22.840 |
表7 模型综合评价
Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation of model
| 模型 Model | 回归方程 Regression equation | 模型精度 Model Precision (R2) | 预测精度 Prediction Precision ( | 均方根误 RMSE | 相对误差 RE/% | 校正效果 Correction effect/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y(Ⅱ) | NDSII | ||||||
| L1 | y=0.545a-0.482b+0.864 | 0.620 | 0.635 | 0.009 | 1.249 | 83.976 | 28.631 |
| L2 | y=0.367a-0.459b+0.871 | 0.713 | 0.725 | 0.008 | 1.090 | 71.807 | 19.430 |
| L3 | y=0.237a-0.668b+0.949 | 0.647 | 0.661 | 0.009 | 1.207 | 75.339 | 12.132 |
| L12 | y=0.495a-0.427b+0.852 | 0.768 | 0.777 | 0.007 | 0.981 | 79.859 | 26.108 |
| L13 | y=0.579a-0.478b+0.865 | 0.714 | 0.726 | 0.008 | 1.079 | 76.733 | 19.398 |
| L23 | y=0.452a-0.464b+0.866 | 0.796 | 0.804 | 0.007 | 0.917 | 81.321 | 22.840 |
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