轻便自走式采茶机的设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221118

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2233-2239.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221118

轻便自走式采茶机的设计与试验

俞国红¹(), 郑航¹, 叶云翔¹, 薛向磊¹, 傅童²

1.浙江省农业科学院农业装备研究所,浙江杭州 310021
2.浙江科技学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州 310023

收稿日期:2022-07-29 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
作者简介:俞国红(1969—),男,浙江萧山人,硕士,主要从事农业机械化工程研究。E-mail:Yuguohong@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省农业科学院成果推广项目(tg2022016)

Design and experiment on portable self-propelled tea picker

YU Guohong¹(), ZHENG Hang¹, YE Yunxiang¹, XUE Xianglei¹, FU Tong²

1. Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China

Received:2022-07-29 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对当前双人手抬式采茶机需要配置操作人员数量较多,使用舒适度差等问题,设计了一种适用于丘陵缓坡梯田式茶园的轻便自走式采茶机。分析了整机的结构及工作原理,对履带底盘、采茶升降机构、液压传动系统进行了理论分析和选型计算,开展了田间采茶试验,并对样机进行采茶质量性能测试。试验结果表明,该采茶机工作性能稳定,采下茶叶完整率为81.1%、可制茶率为93.7%、茶叶损失率为0.82%、漏采率为0.77%,各采摘性能指标均在标准范围以内,满足使用要求。

关键词: 茶叶, 采摘机, 液压系统, 运动分析, 试验

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems that the current double hand-lifted tea picker need to be equipped with a large number of operators and the use comfort was poor, a portable self-propelled tea picker suitable for hilly and gentle slope terraced tea gardens was investigated. Its basic structure and working principle of the whole machine were explained, and its key components such as crawler chassis, tea-picking lifting mechanism, hydraulic transmission system and so on were designed and analyzed. Field tea picking experiments were carried out to test the performance of the prototype. The results showed that the fresh leaves under the integrity was more than 81.1%, processable tea rate was more than 93.7%, measured tea machine loss rate was less than 0.82%, measured tea machine leakage rate was less than 0.77%. The portable self-propelled tea picker had a good performance, which meet the requirements of tea farmers for picking.

Key words: tea, tea picker, hydraulic system, motion analysis, experiment

中图分类号:

S225.99

俞国红, 郑航, 叶云翔, 薛向磊, 傅童. 轻便自走式采茶机的设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2233-2239.

YU Guohong, ZHENG Hang, YE Yunxiang, XUE Xianglei, FU Tong. Design and experiment on portable self-propelled tea picker[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2233-2239.

图/表 7

图1 采茶机结构图 1,履带底盘;2,机架;3,接袋装置;4,升降装置;5,升降手摇机构;6,液压动力总成;7,采摘装置;8,乘坐位。

Fig.1 Structure diagram of tea picking machine 1, Track chassis; 2, Frame; 3, Bag receiving device; 4, Lifting device; 5, Lifting hand crank device; 6, Hydraulic power train; 7, Picking device; 8, Ride seat.

图2 升降机构模型图 1,机架;2,滑轨;3,丝杆;4,滑块;5,锥齿轮组;6,手摇升降器。

Fig.2 Lifting mechanism model diagram 1, Frame; 2, Rail; 3, Screw; 4, Slider; 5, Bevel gear set; 6, Hand lifter.

图3 行走液压系统原理

Fig.3 The principle of walking hydraulic system

图4 往复式双动刀片的切割图

Fig.4 Cutting diagram of reciprocating double action blade

图5 试验段茶园

Fig.5 Picture of tea garden in experimental section

图6 采茶机田间试验

Fig.6 Tea picking machine field test

表1 采茶机采摘作业性能数据结果

Table 1 Performance results of tea picking machine %

序号 No.	完整率 Complete rate	可制茶率 Processable tea rate	损失率 Loss rate	漏采率 Leakage rate of acquisition
1	83.0	93.5	0.72	0.67
2	81.8	94.3	0.85	0.86
3	78.5	93.4	0.88	0.79
平均Average value	81.1	93.7	0.82	0.77

参考文献 21

[1]	冯海强, 任璐怡, 罗列万, 等. 浙江省生态茶园创建实践与展望[J]. 茶叶, 2021, 47(2): 67-70.
	FENG H Q, REN L Y, LUO L W, et al. The practice and prospect of Zhejiang ecological tea garden project[J]. Journal of Tea, 2021, 47(2): 67-70. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	施伟强, 林文英, 徐露凝, 等. 松阳县茶叶产业“机器换人”示范县创建举措与成效分析[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2021(9): 50-51.
	SHI W Q, LIN W Y, XU L N, et al. The tea industry “machine substitution” demonstration county creation measures and effectiveness analysis in Songyang County[J]. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2021(9): 50-51. (in Chinese)
[3]	王文明, 肖宏儒, 宋志禹, 等. 茶叶生产全程机械化技术研究现状与展望[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(5): 226-236.
	WANG W M, XIAO H R, SONG Z Y, et al. Research status and prospects of tea production mechanization technology[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(5): 226-236. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	张义勇. 茶叶机械化采收助力茶农增产增收[J]. 现代农机, 2021(5): 5.
	ZHANG Y Y. Mechanized harvesting of tea helps tea farmers increase production and income[J]. Modern Agricultural Machinery, 2021(5): 5. (in Chinese)
[5]	王健康, 吴明亮, 任述光, 等. 往复式切割器传动机构运动动力学分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(1): 190-194.
	WANG J K, WU M L, REN S G, et al. Kinematic and dynamic analysis on reciprocating cutter’s cutting mechanism for rape harvester[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(1): 190-194. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	李长虹, 谷千里, 何林. 便携式双滚切刀采茶机运动分析[J]. 农机化研究, 2011, 33(9): 46-48, 52.
	LI C H, GU Q L, HE L. Portable double rotary tealeaves plucking machine motion analysis[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2011, 33(9): 46-48, 52. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	王中玉, 肖宏儒, 丁为民, 等. 履带自走式高地隙茶园管理机液压系统设计[J]. 中国农机化, 2010, 31(5): 72-75.
	WANG Z Y, XIAO H R, DING W M, et al. Hydraulic system design of chasono walk chassis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2010, 31(5): 72-75. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	钱争光, 茹利军. 6CDW-220型微型采茶机的设计[J]. 中国茶叶加工, 2015(2): 58-60.
	QIAN Z G, RU L J. Design of 6CDW-220 type miniature tea plucking machine[J]. China Tea Processing, 2015(2): 58-60. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	吴先坤, 李兵, 王小勇, 等. 单人背负式采茶机的设计分析[J]. 农机化研究, 2017, 39(8): 92-96.
	WU X K, LI B, WANG X Y, et al. Design and analysis of single knapsack tea plucking machine[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2017, 39(8): 92-96. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	吴先坤. 履带自走式采茶机的设计与试验研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2017.
	WU X K. Design and experimental study on self-propelled tea-picking machine[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2017. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	韩余, 肖宏儒, 秦广明, 等. 国内外采茶机械发展状况研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2014, 35(2): 20-24.
	HAN Y, XIAO H R, QIN G M, et al. Studies on develop situations of tea-leaf picker both at home and abroad[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2014, 35(2): 20-24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	张修. 智能采茶机器人的茶叶视觉特征识别方法研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2020.
	ZHANG X. Research on tea recognition method based on machine vision features for intelligent tea picking robot[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2020. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	汤一平, 韩旺明, 胡安国, 等. 基于机器视觉的乘用式智能采茶机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(7): 15-20.
	TANG Y P, HAN W M, HU A G, et al. Design and experiment of intelligentized tea-plucking machine for human riding based on machine vision[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(7): 15-20. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	张兆国, 王一驰, 李汉青, 等. 液压控制履带自走式温室三七收获机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(6): 127-135.
	ZHANG Z G, WANG Y C, LI H Q, et al. Design and test of hydraulic control tracked self-propelled greenhouse Panax notoginseng harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2021, 52(6): 127-135. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	卢鑫羽, 龚艳, 陈晓, 等. 电动履带式立式喷杆喷雾机设计与试验[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2021, 42(8): 83-91.
	LU X Y, GONG Y, CHEN X, et al. Design and experiment of electric crawler vertical boom sprayer[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2021, 42(8): 83-91. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	张程. 温室用植保机械履带式底盘主要机构设计与研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2018.
	ZHANG C. Design and research on the main mechanisms of tracked chassis for greenhouse plant protection machinery[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	阎书文. 机械式挖掘机设计[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1982.
[18]	赵宁. 履带行走装置若干问题的研究与计算[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2011.
	ZHAO N. Caculation and research on some issues of crawler driving mechanism[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	周汉林, 刘华, 陈中武, 等. 丘陵山地履带式多功能底盘的设计[J]. 现代农业装备, 2021, 42(5): 56-59.
	ZHOU H L, LIU H, CHEN Z W, et al. Development of tracked multifunctional chassis in hilly and mountainous regions[J]. Modern Agricultural Equipment, 2021, 42(5): 56-59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	蒋有光. 往复双动采茶机切割器最佳设计参数的研究[J]. 安徽工学院学报, 1986(1): 43-54.
	JIANG Y G. The investigation for the optimum design parameters in cutter system of reciprocating and two moving blade teapicking machinary[J]. Journal of Anhui Institute of Technology, 1986(1): 43-54. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	宋扬扬, 李为宁, 李兵, 等. 履带式智能采茶机的设计与试验[J]. 农机化研究, 2020, 42(8): 123-127.
	SONG Y Y, LI W N, LI B, et al. Design and test of crawler type intelligent tea picker[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2020, 42(8): 123-127. (in Chinese with English abstract)

轻便自走式采茶机的设计与试验

Design and experiment on portable self-propelled tea picker

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张宁, 陶荣浩, 刘佩诗, 胡含秀, 高琳琳, 郭龙, 祝尊友, 马友华. 不同种类有机肥配施化肥对茶叶生长、品质和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1844-1852.
[2]	马启良, 杨小明, 胡水星, 黄子鸿, 祁亨年. 基于Mask RCNN和视觉技术的玉米种子发芽自动检测方法[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1927-1936.
[3]	孙秀娟, 徐伟慧, 王志刚. 大豆根瘤内生细菌的分离鉴定及其对大豆植株的促生效应[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(7): 1532-1541.
[4]	龚保荣, 吴红军, 李本镇, 徐大洋, 邹文腾, 曲君艺, 鲍传和, 朱若林. 患白内障病黑斑蛙米尔伊丽莎白菌的分离鉴定与PNGase基因克隆[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1297-1306.
[5]	邓美华, 高娜, 吴林土, 徐火忠, 洪海清, 朱有为. 浙江省铅污染源解析与茶叶铅污染风险评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1123-1131.
[6]	刘丽敏, 任萍, 陈建能, 张雪恒. 基于作物力学特性的甘蔗收割机参数优化与田间试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(5): 1187-1194.
[7]	王金凤, 周琦, 吕玉龙, 陈卓梅. 间作景观树种对茶园生态系统与茶叶生产的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(3): 523-533.
[8]	张一帆, 何瑞银, 段庆飞, 徐勇. 基于CFD-DEM的排肥用波纹管结构优化设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(1): 191-201.
[9]	张棚, 杨雪妍, 洪晶, 张娅俐, 田晓静, 张福梅, 曹竑, 陈士恩, 马忠仁, 丁功涛, 宋礼, 罗丽. 贵州湄潭茶区土壤-茶叶系统中微量元素富集规律与产地溯源[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(2): 378-390.
[10]	张金萍, 陈照明, 王强, 马军伟, 俞巧钢, 叶静, 马进川, 孙万春. 缓释肥占基肥比例对单季晚稻分蘖和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(10): 2259-2267.
[11]	王丽芳, 叶良, 谢忠稳, 党向利. 茶叶抗菌肽粗提物的抑菌活性及其对冷却肉保鲜的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(10): 2268-2276.
[12]	王海翼, 张兆国, IBRAHIM Issa, 解开婷, Wael EL-KOLALY, 曹钦洲. 丘陵山区小型马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(4): 724-738.
[13]	杨成年, 李芳, 朱成科, 唐征县, 易子琳, 韩璐璐, 阳龙江, 彭小倩, 贺蝶, 李杨, 任朝颖, 吕光俊. 杂交鲟出血病病原的分离鉴定与组织病理学观察[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(12): 2275-2285.
[14]	黄莉萍, 安莉丽, 李芳, 杨成年, 李虹, 吕光俊, 向枭, 孙翰昌, 翟旭亮, 朱成科. 中华鳖弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的鉴定及病理组织观察[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(7): 1176-1186.
[15]	李为宁, 柏宣丙, 李兵. 滚筒式茶叶提香机结构参数优化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2020, 32(2): 348-358.