八爪金龙药材产量与品质对土壤理化性状的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240630

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1766-1775.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240630

八爪金龙药材产量与品质对土壤理化性状的响应

严福林¹(), 郎云虎¹, 简应权²^,^*(), 陈雄飞², 魏巍², 王志威¹, 安江勇¹, 任得强¹, 丁宁¹, 魏升华¹

1.贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳 550025
2.贵州三力制药股份有限公司,贵州贵阳 561116

收稿日期:2024-07-12 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:严福林(1986—),男,贵州安龙人,博士,副教授,主要从事中药和民族药资源鉴定与质量控制研究。E-mail:flyan00@qq.com
通讯作者: *简应权,E-mail:392593519@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1708101);贵州省中药材现代产业技术体系建设项目(GZCYTX2024-2026);贵州省科技计划(黔科中引地〔2022〕4016(黔科中引地〔2022〕4016);国家中医药管理局国家基本药物所需中药材种子种苗繁育(贵州)基地建设项目(2014-2017)

Response of yield and quality of Radix Ardisia to soil physiochemical properties

YAN Fulin¹(), LANG Yunhu¹, JIAN Yingquan²^,^*(), CHEN Xiongfei², WEI Wei², WANG Zhiwei¹, AN Jiangyong¹, REN Deqiang¹, DING Ning¹, WEI Shenghua¹

1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
2. Guizhou Sanli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang 561116, China

Received:2024-07-12 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03
Contact: JIAN Yingquan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确影响八爪金龙药材产量和品质的关键土壤因子,以贵州24个居群的朱砂根和红凉伞为研究对象,测定其单株产量、水分、总灰分、酸不溶灰分、水溶性浸出物、岩白菜素含量,以及土壤pH值和全氮、铵态氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾、有机质含量,应用偏最小二乘法计算上述土壤因子对药材产量和品质影响的变量投影重要性(VIP)值,明确影响八爪金龙产量和品质的关键土壤因子,并基于产量高、品质优的目标利用线性规划方法提出土壤因子的优化方案。结果显示,不同产地的八爪金龙药材产量与品质存在显著(p<0.05)差异,部分药材样品的质量未能达到《中国药典》(2020年版)对朱砂根的要求。土壤有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮含量和pH值显著影响八爪金龙药材的产量与质量。优质高产目标下八爪金龙药材生产的适宜土壤理化性状为:土壤pH值在4.82~6.92,全氮含量为9.56 g·kg^-1,铵态氮含量在2.26~8.24 mg·kg^-1,全磷含量为627 mg·kg^-1,有效磷含量在24.42~33.60 mg·kg^-1,全钾含量在1.45%~2.64%,速效钾含量在139~1 128 mg·kg^-1,有机质含量为57.83 mg·kg^-1。在此条件下,单株产量为45 g,水分含量为11.77%,总灰分含量为3.78%,酸不溶灰分含量为0.81%,水溶性浸出物含量为37.46%,岩白菜素含量为1.54%。

关键词: 八爪金龙, 产量, 品质, 土壤因子, 相关分析, 回归分析

Abstract:

To elucidate the primary soil factors influencing the yield and quality of Radix Ardisia, 24 populations of Ardisia crenata and A. crenata var. bicolor(medicinal materials of Radix Ardisia) in Guizhou Province of China were selceted as the research subjects. Their medicinal yield, moisture content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractives content, and bengenin content were determined, as well as soil parameters, such as pH value, total nitrogen content, ammonium nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, total potassium content, available potassium content, and organic matter content. The partial least squares method was employed to calculate the variable importance in projection (VIP) values, thereby identifying the key soil factors impacting the yield and quality of the collected samples. To realize high yield and superior quality, an optimization strategy for soil factors was developed by using the linear programming method. It is shown that there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the yield and quality of the collected samples. The quality of some samples fails to meet the requirements stipulated in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020 Edition). The contents of soil available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, and soil pH value significantly influence the yield and quality of the medicinal materials of Radix Ardisia. To achieve high quality and yield, the ideal soil physical and chemical properties are as follows: pH value of 4.82 to 6.92, total nitrogen content of 9.56 g·kg^-1, ammonium nitrogen content of 2.26-8.24 mg·kg^-1, total phosphorus content of 627 mg·kg^-1, available phosphorus content of 24.42-33.60 mg·kg^-1, total potassium content of 1.45%-2.64%, available potassium content of 139-1 128 mg·kg^-1, and organic matter content of 57.83 mg·kg^-1. Under these conditions, the yield per plant is 45 g, with a moisture content of 11.77%, total ash content of 3.78%, acid-insoluble ash content of 0.81%, water-soluble extractives content of 37.46%, and bengenin content of 1.54%.

Key words: Radix Ardisia, yield, quality, soil factor, correlation analysis, regression analysis

中图分类号:

S567

严福林, 郎云虎, 简应权, 陈雄飞, 魏巍, 王志威, 安江勇, 任得强, 丁宁, 魏升华. 八爪金龙药材产量与品质对土壤理化性状的响应[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1766-1775.

YAN Fulin, LANG Yunhu, JIAN Yingquan, CHEN Xiongfei, WEI Wei, WANG Zhiwei, AN Jiangyong, REN Deqiang, DING Ning, WEI Shenghua. Response of yield and quality of Radix Ardisia to soil physiochemical properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1766-1775.

图/表 5

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编号 No.	采集地 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude/m
HLS01	台江县南宫乡东衣村Dongyi Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.376 4°E	26.475 8°N	656
HLS02	台江县南宫乡石灰河村Shihuihe Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.413 6°E	26.430 7°N	1 062
HLS03	天柱县高酿镇平场村Pingchang Village, Gaoniang Town, Tianzhu County	109.084 5°E	26.821 6°N	565
HLS04	剑河县太拥镇白道村Baidao Village, Taiyong Town, Jianhe County	108.419 6°E	26.393 4°N	955
HLS05	榕江县乐里镇保里村Baoli Village, Leli Town, Rongjiang County	108.438 2°E	26.285 6°N	789
HLS06	安龙县龙山镇纳秧村Nayang Village, Longshan Town, Anlong County	105.414 5°E	25.353 6°N	1 335
HLS07	安龙县普坪镇大坡村Dapo Village, Puping Town, Anlong County	105.263 3°E	25.251 3°N	1 346
HLS08	安龙县龙山镇石灰村Shihui Village, Longshan Town, Anlong County	105.407 3°E	25.345 2°N	1 324
ZSG01	息烽县鹿窝镇老窝村Laowo Village, Luwo Town, Xifeng County	106.580 8°E	27.190 6°N	879
ZSG02	台江县南宫乡东衣村Dongyi Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.376 4°E	26.475 8°N	656
ZSG03	台江县南宫乡石灰河村Shihuihe Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.413 6°E	26.430 7°N	1 062
ZSG04	剑河县太拥镇白道村Baidao Village, Taiyong Town, Jianhe County	108.419 6°E	26.393 4°N	955
ZSG05	锦屏县三江镇龙啦村Longla Village, Sanjiang Town, Jinping County	109.168 2°E	26.683 5°N	368
ZSG06	从江县高曾乡占里村Zhanli Village, Gaozeng Township, Congjiang County	108.929 8°E	25.852 8°N	629
ZSG07	松桃县大路镇元坪村Yuanping Village, Dalu Town, Songtao County	108.927 8°E	28.176 4°N	914
ZSG08	贵定县云雾镇报管村Baoguan Village, Yunwu Town, Guiding County	107.167 9°E	26.277 5°N	1 087
ZSG09	安顺市双堡镇银山村Yinshan Village, Shuangbao Town, Anshun City	106.101 6°E	26.088 6°N	1 179
ZSG10	望谟县打夜镇利桃村Litao Village, Daye Town, Wangmo County	106.167 9°E	25.260 6°N	1 373
ZSG11	道真县阳溪镇四坪村Siping Village, Yangxi Town, Daozhen County	107.587 7°E	29.082 7°N	912
ZSG12	习水县仙源镇毛坪村Maoping Village, Xianyuan Town, Xishui County	106.689 4°E	28.439 6°N	1 243
ZSG13	余庆县白泥镇新寨村Xinzhai Village, Baini Town, Yuqing County	107.976 3°E	27.248 4°N	1 125
ZSG14	石阡县甘溪乡坪望村Pingwang County, Ganxi Township, Shiqian County	108.166 1°E	27.428 9°N	827
ZSG15	兴义市鲁屯镇平坝村Pingba Village, Lutun Town, Xingyi City	105.437 0°E	25.196 0°N	1 337
ZSG16	绥阳县宽阔镇下寺村Xiasi Village, Kuankuo Town, Suiyang County	107.200 9°E	28.242 7°N	1 163

编号 No.	采集地 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude/m
HLS01	台江县南宫乡东衣村Dongyi Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.376 4°E	26.475 8°N	656
HLS02	台江县南宫乡石灰河村Shihuihe Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.413 6°E	26.430 7°N	1 062
HLS03	天柱县高酿镇平场村Pingchang Village, Gaoniang Town, Tianzhu County	109.084 5°E	26.821 6°N	565
HLS04	剑河县太拥镇白道村Baidao Village, Taiyong Town, Jianhe County	108.419 6°E	26.393 4°N	955
HLS05	榕江县乐里镇保里村Baoli Village, Leli Town, Rongjiang County	108.438 2°E	26.285 6°N	789
HLS06	安龙县龙山镇纳秧村Nayang Village, Longshan Town, Anlong County	105.414 5°E	25.353 6°N	1 335
HLS07	安龙县普坪镇大坡村Dapo Village, Puping Town, Anlong County	105.263 3°E	25.251 3°N	1 346
HLS08	安龙县龙山镇石灰村Shihui Village, Longshan Town, Anlong County	105.407 3°E	25.345 2°N	1 324
ZSG01	息烽县鹿窝镇老窝村Laowo Village, Luwo Town, Xifeng County	106.580 8°E	27.190 6°N	879
ZSG02	台江县南宫乡东衣村Dongyi Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.376 4°E	26.475 8°N	656
ZSG03	台江县南宫乡石灰河村Shihuihe Village, Nangong Township, Taijiang County	108.413 6°E	26.430 7°N	1 062
ZSG04	剑河县太拥镇白道村Baidao Village, Taiyong Town, Jianhe County	108.419 6°E	26.393 4°N	955
ZSG05	锦屏县三江镇龙啦村Longla Village, Sanjiang Town, Jinping County	109.168 2°E	26.683 5°N	368
ZSG06	从江县高曾乡占里村Zhanli Village, Gaozeng Township, Congjiang County	108.929 8°E	25.852 8°N	629
ZSG07	松桃县大路镇元坪村Yuanping Village, Dalu Town, Songtao County	108.927 8°E	28.176 4°N	914
ZSG08	贵定县云雾镇报管村Baoguan Village, Yunwu Town, Guiding County	107.167 9°E	26.277 5°N	1 087
ZSG09	安顺市双堡镇银山村Yinshan Village, Shuangbao Town, Anshun City	106.101 6°E	26.088 6°N	1 179
ZSG10	望谟县打夜镇利桃村Litao Village, Daye Town, Wangmo County	106.167 9°E	25.260 6°N	1 373
ZSG11	道真县阳溪镇四坪村Siping Village, Yangxi Town, Daozhen County	107.587 7°E	29.082 7°N	912
ZSG12	习水县仙源镇毛坪村Maoping Village, Xianyuan Town, Xishui County	106.689 4°E	28.439 6°N	1 243
ZSG13	余庆县白泥镇新寨村Xinzhai Village, Baini Town, Yuqing County	107.976 3°E	27.248 4°N	1 125
ZSG14	石阡县甘溪乡坪望村Pingwang County, Ganxi Township, Shiqian County	108.166 1°E	27.428 9°N	827
ZSG15	兴义市鲁屯镇平坝村Pingba Village, Lutun Town, Xingyi City	105.437 0°E	25.196 0°N	1 337
ZSG16	绥阳县宽阔镇下寺村Xiasi Village, Kuankuo Town, Suiyang County	107.200 9°E	28.242 7°N	1 163

编号 No.	pH值 pH value	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total K content/%	速效钾含量 Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (mg·kg^-1)
HLS01	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
HLS02	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
HLS03	4.25	1.15	2.50	135	18.9	1.48	49	38.6
HLS04	4.30	5.28	1.52	179	6.3	1.02	127	91.6
HLS05	4.48	2.50	1.57	182	6.3	2.00	51	42.8
HLS06	4.58	2.08	4.61	248	6.1	0.93	74	29.6
HLS07	4.65	2.79	1.48	111	13.4	1.82	107	50.8
HLS08	4.69	1.74	2.58	215	3.8	1.28	92	33.6
ZSG01	3.73	3.03	0.95	256	8.8	1.45	44	105.0
ZSG02	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
ZSG03	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
ZSG04	4.30	5.28	1.52	179	6.3	1.02	127	91.6
ZSG05	4.74	7.13	1.03	258	4.2	1.33	47	90.2
ZSG06	4.79	4.53	2.42	228	5.5	2.09	69	10.8
ZSG07	4.81	1.27	2.06	370	3.9	2.14	75	36.5
ZSG08	4.81	8.98	0.97	105	4.8	0.70	39	19.7
ZSG09	4.89	1.45	1.63	303	10.5	0.59	158	19.4
ZSG10	5.09	2.46	1.81	479	5.0	1.17	148	51.5
ZSG11	5.13	5.43	3.98	362	29.6	0.53	181	128.0
ZSG12	5.29	9.56	4.78	169	16.6	1.91	106	27.2
ZSG13	5.69	5.08	1.50	191	4.1	1.36	103	22.3
ZSG14	5.84	3.34	1.52	393	3.0	1.51	189	79.8
ZSG15	6.76	2.56	8.24	596	33.6	1.88	1 128	89.3
ZSG16	6.92	2.24	2.25	627	27.0	2.46	153	108.0

编号 No.	pH值 pH value	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total K content/%	速效钾含量 Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (mg·kg^-1)
HLS01	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
HLS02	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
HLS03	4.25	1.15	2.50	135	18.9	1.48	49	38.6
HLS04	4.30	5.28	1.52	179	6.3	1.02	127	91.6
HLS05	4.48	2.50	1.57	182	6.3	2.00	51	42.8
HLS06	4.58	2.08	4.61	248	6.1	0.93	74	29.6
HLS07	4.65	2.79	1.48	111	13.4	1.82	107	50.8
HLS08	4.69	1.74	2.58	215	3.8	1.28	92	33.6
ZSG01	3.73	3.03	0.95	256	8.8	1.45	44	105.0
ZSG02	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
ZSG03	4.00	2.10	1.32	258	9.0	1.54	65	55.4
ZSG04	4.30	5.28	1.52	179	6.3	1.02	127	91.6
ZSG05	4.74	7.13	1.03	258	4.2	1.33	47	90.2
ZSG06	4.79	4.53	2.42	228	5.5	2.09	69	10.8
ZSG07	4.81	1.27	2.06	370	3.9	2.14	75	36.5
ZSG08	4.81	8.98	0.97	105	4.8	0.70	39	19.7
ZSG09	4.89	1.45	1.63	303	10.5	0.59	158	19.4
ZSG10	5.09	2.46	1.81	479	5.0	1.17	148	51.5
ZSG11	5.13	5.43	3.98	362	29.6	0.53	181	128.0
ZSG12	5.29	9.56	4.78	169	16.6	1.91	106	27.2
ZSG13	5.69	5.08	1.50	191	4.1	1.36	103	22.3
ZSG14	5.84	3.34	1.52	393	3.0	1.51	189	79.8
ZSG15	6.76	2.56	8.24	596	33.6	1.88	1 128	89.3
ZSG16	6.92	2.24	2.25	627	27.0	2.46	153	108.0

样品编号 Sample No.	单株产量 Yield per plant/g	水分含量 Moisture content/%	总灰分含量 Total ash content/%	酸不溶灰分含量 Acid-insoluble ash content/%	水溶性浸出物含量 Water-soluble extractives content/%	岩白菜素含量 Bengenin content/%
HLS01	35.60±0.53 defgh	13.34±0.22 de	2.98±0.19 l	0.69±0.12 hi	45.47±2.16 a	2.18±0.18 a
HLS02	35.73±3.52 defgh	12.33±0.58 fghi	5.14±0.17 d	1.00±0.11 ef	40.93±2.15 b	1.66±0.34 cd
HLS03	36.78±5.10 defg	11.13±0.33 ij	3.48±0.48 hij	0.57±0.09 ij	39.96±1.19 b	1.64±0.22 cd
HLS04	31.77±3.27 ghijk	11.46±0.49 hij	6.50±0.50 b	1.70±0.14 c	39.17±1.04 b	1.40±0.41 defg
HLS05	29.87±7.19 ghijk	11.07±0.25 j	3.08±0.56 kl	0.49±0.07 k	37.57±1.75 c	1.75±0.22 bc
HLS06	30.72±1.93 ghijk	14.07±1.01 d	4.01±0.27 fg	1.21±0.14 de	37.31±2.60 c	1.56±0.24 cde
HLS07	36.88±1.54 defg	11.67±0.24 ghi	3.84±0.14 fghi	0.58±0.11 ij	35.40±1.51 cd	1.51±0.22 cde
HLS08	29.19±7.05 ghijk	12.84±0.82 ef	3.89±0.33 fgh	0.54±0.11 jk	35.39±1.70 cd	1.15±0.22 ghi
ZGS01	33.99±3.56 fghij	12.63±0.55 efg	3.21±0.39 kl	0.69±0.14 hi	34.49±2.92 de	0.43±0.14 jk
ZGS02	37.03±2.05 def	15.52±0.76 c	3.50±0.38 ghij	0.81±0.18 gh	31.40±1.65 ef	2.09±0.13 a
ZGS03	37.96±3.50 cde	12.36±0.38 fghi	3.82±0.28 fghi	1.22±0.11 de	31.19±1.25 ef	1.42±0.29 defg
ZGS04	34.51±2.62 efghi	11.78±0.85 ghi	4.00±0.63 fg	0.95±0.14 fg	31.13±1.01 ef	1.05±0.22 ghi
ZGS05	24.90±2.21 k	11.31±0.38 ij	4.61±0.27 f	1.00±0.12 ef	30.67±2.50 ef	1.32±0.23 efg
ZGS06	35.48±2.16 defgh	12.14±0.56 fghi	4.02±0.44 fg	0.89±0.07 fgh	29.97±1.48 fg	1.93±0.20 ab
ZGS07	25.92±6.24 jk	14.21±0.18 d	4.50±0.50 f	1.00±0.13 ef	29.57±1.90 fgh	1.71±0.11 bc
ZGS08	27.25±2.38 ijk	11.24±0.47 ij	5.06±0.54 e	1.60±0.07 cd	26.77±0.91 ghij	0.87±0.31 hij
ZGS09	39.91±3.33 cd	11.63±0.48 ghi	5.52±0.32 c	1.85±0.24 b	26.40±1.70 ghij	1.42±0.23 defg
ZGS10	31.84±3.35 ghijk	11.77±0.23 ghi	3.42±0.22 ijk	0.64±0.21 hi	25.37±1.91 hijk	0.31±0.11 k
ZGS11	50.51±0.62 a	14.30±0.36 d	3.57±0.29 ghij	0.54±0.13 jk	23.60±0.53 ijkl	1.18±0.17 fgh
ZGS12	40.99±4.58 c	17.68±0.81 b	4.48±0.21 f	1.57±0.25 cd	23.43±1.50 ijkl	1.47±0.16 def
ZGS13	27.93±6.77 hijk	12.19±0.18 fghi	3.55±0.34 ghij	0.89±0.09 fgh	22.70±1.05 jkl	0.45±0.05 jk
ZGS14	29.94±4.13 ghijk	20.60±0.53 a	3.90±0.49 fgh	0.55±0.15 jk	20.60±1.51 kl	1.36±0.14 efg
ZGS15	46.55±4.56 b	11.27±0.38 ij	9.32±0.29 a	4.92±0.27 a	20.58±1.52 kl	1.05±0.47 ghi
ZGS16	40.77±3.23 cd	12.44±0.45 efgh	3.24±0.27 jk	0.72±0.07 ghi	20.03±2.11 l	0.76±0.20 ij

八爪金龙药材产量与品质对土壤理化性状的响应

Response of yield and quality of Radix Ardisia to soil physiochemical properties

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土壤理化性状 Soil physiochemical property	土壤理化性状与药材产量、品质指标的VIP值 VIP value of soil physiochemical properties and yield, quality indexes of herbal drugs
土壤理化性状 Soil physiochemical property	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆
T₁	1.04	0.91	1.38	1.15	1.56	1.12
T₂	0.44	0.69	0.64	0.64	0.93	0.65
T₃	1.13	0.73	1.17	1.29	1.38	0.70
T₄	0.55	0.60	0.79	0.65	0.83	0.74
T₅	1.06	1.55	1.45	1.53	0.59	1.75
T₆	1.02	0.52	0.71	0.77	0.68	0.64
T₇	1.59	1.66	0.89	0.89	0.82	1.15
T₈	0.67	0.62	0.55	0.68	0.77	0.68

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