浙江农业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 1796-1802.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2019.11.04

• 作物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘蓝型矮秆油菜与高秆油菜的产量与氮效率比较

李虹桥, 段秋宇, 刘士山, 杨云飞, 李梦颖, 吴永成*   

  1. 四川农业大学 农学院,西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-09 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-12-04
  • 通讯作者: *,吴永成,E-mail: ycwu2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:李虹桥(1993—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,研究方向为油菜轻简高效栽培。E-mail: 329158476@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省农作物育种攻关栽培课题(2016NYZ0051); 国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队(035Z23742018)

Comparative study of yield and nitrogen efficiency between dwarf variety and normal variety in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

LI Hongqiao, DUAN Qiuyu, LIU Shishan, YANG Yunfei, LI Mengying, WU Yongcheng*   

  1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
  • Received:2019-07-09 Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-12-04

摘要: 为明确甘蓝型矮秆油菜的农艺性状、产量与氮素利用特征,在四川盆地稻油轮作条件下开展了大田试验研究。试验采用二因素裂区设计,以不同株高的油菜品种(矮秆油菜MJ01、高秆油菜川油36)为主因素,不同施氮量(纯氮0、135、225 kg·hm-2,分别以N0、N1、N2表示)为副因素,在油菜成熟期测定植株的主要农艺性状、产量与氮素积累量,并分析计算相关氮素效率指标。结果表明,矮秆油菜的株高、分枝部位高度、主花序长度、单株角果数均显著低于高秆油菜。相同施氮量(N1、N2)条件下,矮秆油菜的籽粒产量(2 289.0、2 857.5 kg·hm-2)与高秆油菜的籽粒产量(2 258.3、3 006.6 kg·hm-2)均无显著差异。与高秆油菜相比,矮秆油菜的籽粒N含量相对较低,而N收获指数相对较高,但均无显著差异。矮秆油菜的氮利用效率、氮生理效率均大于高秆油菜,其中氮生理效率的差异显著。矮秆油菜和高秆油菜的氮吸收效率则相近。随施氮量增加,矮秆油菜和高秆油菜的氮吸收效率都呈降低趋势,而氮生理效率呈升高趋势。矮秆油菜具有较大的收获指数、较高的氮利用效率和氮生理效率,且在合理施氮量条件下可以获得与高秆油菜相近的产量。

关键词: 矮秆油菜, 农艺性状, 产量, 氮效率, 生理氮效率

Abstract: To explore the differences and commonness of agronomic traits, yield and nitrogen utilization characteristics between dwarf and high Brassica napus rapes under different nitrogen application rates, field experiment was carried out under the condition of rice-rape rotation in Sichuan basin. Dwarf rape MJ01 and high-stalk rape Chuanyou 36 were used as experimental materials. From 2014 to 2015, they were planted in the field. Two treatments of dwarf rape and high-stalk rape were set with different varieties of rapeseed as the main factors. 0, 135, 225 kg·hm-2 were set with different nitrogen application amounts as auxiliary factors, respectively represented by N0, N1 and N2. The main agronomic traits and yield of the plants were determined at maturity stage, and the nitrogen accumulation then analyzed and calculated the nitrogen efficiency. The results showed that plant height, branching height, main inflorescence length and pod number per plant of dwarf rape were significantly lower than those of high-stalk rape. Under the same nitrogen application condition, there was no significant difference in the grain yield between high-stalk and dwarf rape. Compared with high-stalk rape, the seed N content and harvest index of dwarf rape were relatively low, but there was no significant difference. The nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency of dwarf rape were higher than those of high-stalk, and the difference of nitrogen physiological efficiency was significant. The nitrogen absorption efficiency of dwarf rape was similar to that of high-stalk rape. With the increase of nitrogen application, the nitrogen absorption efficiency of both dwarf rape and high-stalk rape decreased, while the nitrogen physiological efficiency increased. Dwarf rape had higher harvest index, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency, and the yield was similar to that of high-stalk rape under the reasonable nitrogen application.

Key words: dwarf rapeseed, agronomic traits, yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency

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