典型城市废弃物混合好氧堆肥的基本特征及其育苗应用潜力

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.12

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1069-1077.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.12

典型城市废弃物混合好氧堆肥的基本特征及其育苗应用潜力

朱诗君¹(), 金树权¹, 汪峰¹, 韩永江², 孙杰³

1.宁波市农业科学研究院,浙江宁波315040
2.宁波市绿宝环保科技有限公司,浙江宁波 315181
3.宁波开诚生态技术有限公司,浙江宁波315157

收稿日期:2020-10-28 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
作者简介:朱诗君(1991—),男,浙江温州人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为农业微生物资源开发与应用。E-mail: 1227935418@qq.com
基金资助:
宁波市农科院院级科研项目(2020NKYP006);宁波市农科院-中国农科院科技合作创新工程(2019CXG003)

Characteristics of typical urban waste mixed aerobic composting and its effect on seedling growth

ZHU Shijun¹(), JIN Shuquan¹, WANG Feng¹, HAN Yongjiang², SUN Jie³

1. Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
2. Ningbo Lvbao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
3. Ningbo Kaicheng Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315157, China

Received:2020-10-28 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以园林废弃物、干化建筑渣土、餐厨废弃物有机渣作为堆肥原料,研究不同混合比例下堆体温度和养分的变化,并以最终制成的堆肥作为育苗基质的混合物,明确其对番茄、青瓜、甘蓝种子出芽率和幼苗发育的影响。结果显示,园林废弃物堆体、园林废弃物和餐厨废弃物有机渣的混合堆体在短时间内温度上升至70 ℃以上,并于45 d后缓慢降低至50 ℃左右。其间,堆体的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量,以及含水率逐渐下降,而pH值、电导率,以及速效磷、速效钾含量则基本保持稳定。育苗试验结果表明,制成的堆肥具有较高的电导率,但在试验条件下,对幼苗存活率没有显著不利影响,说明园林废弃物、干化建筑渣土,以及餐厨废弃物有机渣通过堆肥处理投入农业生产是具备应用潜力的。

关键词: 园林废弃物, 干化建筑渣土, 餐厨废弃物有机渣, 堆肥, 育苗

Abstract:

In this study, garden waste, dried construction waste, and organic residue of kitchen waste were used for composting at different mixing ratios, and the temperature and nutrients changes during composting were studied. The final compost was mixed with seedling substrates to clarify its effect on germination and development of three kinds of vegetables (tomato, cucumber, cabbage). The results showed that the temperature of the mixture of garden waste and the mixture of garden waste and organic residue of kitchen waste rose to above 70 ℃ immediately, and slowly decreased to about 50 ℃ after 45 days during the composting. During this process, the organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents and moisture content gradually decreased, while pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and contents of available phosphorus and available potassium remained stable. The final compost showed high EC value. However, when it was mixed with seedling substrate, it showed no significant adverse effect on the survival rate of vegetable seedlings under the experiment conditions. Thus, it showed potential of applying garden waste, dried construction waste, and organic residue of kitchen waste in agricultural production through composting

Key words: garden waste, dried construction waste, kitchen waste organic residue, compost, seedling cultivation

中图分类号:

S141.4

朱诗君, 金树权, 汪峰, 韩永江, 孙杰. 典型城市废弃物混合好氧堆肥的基本特征及其育苗应用潜力[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(6): 1069-1077.

ZHU Shijun, JIN Shuquan, WANG Feng, HAN Yongjiang, SUN Jie. Characteristics of typical urban waste mixed aerobic composting and its effect on seedling growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(6): 1069-1077.

图/表 10

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废弃物材料 Waste	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	含水率 Moisture content/%	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)
餐厨废弃物有机渣 Organic residue of kitchen waste	6.40	432.0	19.62	732.5	1 173	550.0	72.4	8 565
园林废弃物 Garden waste	7.10	517.8	7.49	393.4	617.9	981.2	52.5	482
干化建筑渣土 Dried construction waste	7.92	37.3	2.09	133.0	30.8	570.0	5.00	642

废弃物材料 Waste	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	含水率 Moisture content/%	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)
餐厨废弃物有机渣 Organic residue of kitchen waste	6.40	432.0	19.62	732.5	1 173	550.0	72.4	8 565
园林废弃物 Garden waste	7.10	517.8	7.49	393.4	617.9	981.2	52.5	482
干化建筑渣土 Dried construction waste	7.92	37.3	2.09	133.0	30.8	570.0	5.00	642

堆体 Mixture	园林废弃物 Garden waste/m³	餐厨废弃物有机渣 Organic residue of kitchen waste/m³	干化建筑渣土 Dried construction waste/m³	C/N	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	含水率 Moisture content/%
1	6	0	0	26.40	482	52.5
2	5	1	0	22.55	1 300	55.8
3	0	4	2	21.82	3 367	49.9

堆体 Mixture	园林废弃物 Garden waste/m³	餐厨废弃物有机渣 Organic residue of kitchen waste/m³	干化建筑渣土 Dried construction waste/m³	C/N	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (μS·cm^-1)	含水率 Moisture content/%
1	6	0	0	26.40	482	52.5
2	5	1	0	22.55	1 300	55.8
3	0	4	2	21.82	3 367	49.9

处理 Treatment	混合物及其比例 Mixing ratio and materials	处理 Treatment	混合物及其比例 Mixing ratio and materials
1	D^*	6	B+D,1∶2
2	A+D,1∶1	7	B+D,1∶5
3	A+D,1∶2	8	C+D,1∶2
4	A+D,1∶5	9	C+D,1∶5
5	B+D,1∶1	10	C+D,1∶10

典型城市废弃物混合好氧堆肥的基本特征及其育苗应用潜力

Characteristics of typical urban waste mixed aerobic composting and its effect on seedling growth

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参考文献 31

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样品 Sample	pH	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	含水率 Moisture content/%	发芽指数 Germination index/%
A	7.50	300.85	10.89	508.95	472.65	97.6	778.5	98
B	6.92	221.04	6.46	311.15	598.09	94.3	1 793.0	43
C	7.10	288.44	8.77	463.85	715.48	91.9	3 143.5	18
D	7.58	489.00	8.66	380.00	116.00	91.7	969.0	—

处理 Treatment	番茄Tomato		青瓜Cucumber		甘蓝Cabbage
处理 Treatment	初始出芽率 Germination rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm	初始出芽率 Germination rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm	初始出芽率 Germination rate/%	株高 Plant height/cm
1	37.50	16.88±1.56 b	62.50	43.38±2.2 b	31.25	9.56±0.99 b
2	34.38	17.59±1.69 b	53.13	43.65±2.86 b	50.00	13.62±1.93 a
3	31.25	18.12±1.98 b	56.25	46.75±5.55 a	46.88	12.37±1.31 a
4	35.94	19.43±3.89 a	71.88	46.43±2.45 a	31.25	10.71±0.86 a
5	15.63	16.28±1.66 b	56.25	42.15±6.87 b	12.50	7.45±0.86 b
6	34.38	17.32±1.6 b	62.50	45.83±4.72 a	43.75	10.55±0.92 a
7	43.75	18.81±1.77 a	75.00	48.18±4.28 a	56.25	11.52±0.84 a
8	21.88	15.8±1.61 b	46.88	41.33±2.81 b	0	6.25±0.86 b
9	32.81	18.62±2.10 a	68.75	42.38±5.00 b	31.25	8.62±0.74 b
10	35.94	20.91±1.7 a	65.63	51.65±3.41 a	37.50	13.5±1.82 a

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