化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.07

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1626-1637.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.08.07

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响

茹朝¹(), 郁继华¹^,², 武玥¹, 冯致¹, 缑兆辉¹, 金宁¹, 王舒亚¹, 刘泽慈¹, 吕剑¹^,²^,^*()

1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

收稿日期:2021-01-25 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
作者简介:*吕剑,E-mail: lvjian@gsau.edu.cn
茹朝(1996—),男,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生,从事蔬菜栽培生理研究。E-mail: 1347841281@qq.com
通讯作者: 吕剑
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201205);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2020-5-2);国家现代农业产业体系专项(CARS-23-C-07);甘肃省民生科技专项(20CX9NA099)

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in open field

RU Chao¹(), YU Jihua¹^,², WU Yue¹, FENG Zhi¹, GOU Zhaohui¹, JIN Ning¹, WANG Shuya¹, LIU Zeci¹, LYU Jian¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2021-01-25 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
Contact: LYU Jian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善大白菜因化肥过量使用而造成的产量下降、品质变劣和肥料利用率低等问题,以露地栽培旺春大白菜为试材,共设置不施肥(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2)、化肥平衡施肥(T1)、化肥减量30%+6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥(T2)、化肥减量30%+9 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥(T3)、化肥减量40%+6 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥(T4)、化肥减量40%+9 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥(T5)7个处理,分析了不同施肥处理对大白菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥不同程度提高了各处理根系活力和叶绿素含量,较当地常规施肥根系活力提高了15.5%~40.3%,叶绿素含量提高了11.5%~37.5%,且随生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加。T1-T5处理较CK2增产0.04%~20.91%,其中T3处理增产率最高为20.91%,其经济效益增加9.04%,施用生物有机肥提高了肥料贡献率,化肥减量30%并配施生物有机肥提升效果最显著。T3处理可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量分别比CK2高0.91百分点、81.00%和9.61%,施用生物有机肥各处理硝酸盐含量降低11.53%~21.52%,V_C、总黄酮、硫苷含量T3处理显著高于CK2,总酚含量各处理差异不显著。各处理矿质元素含量较CK2有不同程度提高,施用生物有机肥后提高更明显。对15项指标进行隶属函数分析,综合评价以T3处理化肥减量30%并配施9 000 kg·hm^-2生物有机肥效果最佳,其次为T2>T5>T1>T4>CK2>CK1。

关键词: 大白菜, 化肥减量, 生物有机肥, 营养品质, 经济效益

Abstract:

In order to improve Chinese cabbage's problems of reduced yield, poor quality and low fertilizer utilization caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, Wangchun Chinese cabbage cultured in the open field was used as the test material, and no fertilization (CK1) and conventional fertilization (CK2), chemical fertilizer balance fertilization (T1), chemical fertilizer reduction of 30%+6 000 kg·hm^-2 biological organic fertilizer (T2), chemical fertilizer reduction of 30%+9 000 kg·hm^-2 biological organic fertilizer (T3), chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+6 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer (T4) and chemical fertilizer reduction of 40%+9 000 kg·hm^-2(T5) were set up to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the root vigor and chlorophyll content of each treatment to varying degrees. Compared with the local conventional fertilization, the root vigor and chlorophyll content increased by 15.5%-40.3%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 11.5%-37.5%, and increased with the application of bio-organic fertilizer. Compared with CK2, T1-T5 treatment increased the yield by 0.04%-20.91%. T3 treatment increased the yield by 20.91%, and its economic benefit increased by 9.04%. The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the fertilizer contribution rate, and the fertilizer was reduced by 30% and combined with bio-organic application. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free amino acid in T3 treatment were 0.91 percent points, 81.00% and 9.46% higher than that of CK2, respectively. Nitrate content in each treatment with bio-organic fertilizer was reduced by 11.53%-21.52%, V_C, total flavonoids, glucosinolate content in T3 treatment was significantly higher than CK2, the total phenol content of each treatment was not significantly different. Compared with CK2, the content of mineral elements in each treatment increased to different degrees, and the increase was more obvious after applying bio-organic fertilizer. The membership function analysis was carried out on 15 indicators, and the comprehensive evaluation of T3 treatment with 30% reduction in chemical fertilizer and 9 000 kg·hm^-2 bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect, followed by T2>T5>T1>T4>CK2>CK1.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, fertilizer reduction, bio-organic fertilizer, nutritional quality, economic benefit

中图分类号:

S634.1

茹朝, 郁继华, 武玥, 冯致, 缑兆辉, 金宁, 王舒亚, 刘泽慈, 吕剑. 化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(8): 1626-1637.

RU Chao, YU Jihua, WU Yue, FENG Zhi, GOU Zhaohui, JIN Ning, WANG Shuya, LIU Zeci, LYU Jian. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in open field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(8): 1626-1637.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatments	各处理施肥总量Total amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生物有机肥Bio-organic fertilizer
CK1	0	0	0	0
CK2	639.0	355.5	78.0	0
T1	345.0	163.5	195.0	0
T2	367.5	175.5	208.5	6 000
T3	367.5	175.5	208.5	9 000
T4	316.5	150.0	175.5	6 000
T5	316.5	150.0	175.5	9 000

处理 Treatments	各处理施肥总量Total amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生物有机肥Bio-organic fertilizer
CK1	0	0	0	0
CK2	639.0	355.5	78.0	0
T1	345.0	163.5	195.0	0
T2	367.5	175.5	208.5	6 000
T3	367.5	175.5	208.5	9 000
T4	316.5	150.0	175.5	6 000
T5	316.5	150.0	175.5	9 000

处理Treatments	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)	增产率Increased production rate/%	肥料贡献率Fertilizer contribution rate/%
CK1	110.88±0.21 e	—	—
CK2	124.96±0.89 d	—	11.26
T1	133.06±1.37 c	6.48	16.65
T2	138.46±0.82 b	10.80	19.91
T3	151.09±1.69 a	20.91	26.60
T4	125.01±0.37 d	0.04	11.30
T5	133.06±0.55 c	6.48	16.66

处理Treatments	产量Yield/(t·hm^-2)	增产率Increased production rate/%	肥料贡献率Fertilizer contribution rate/%
CK1	110.88±0.21 e	—	—
CK2	124.96±0.89 d	—	11.26
T1	133.06±1.37 c	6.48	16.65
T2	138.46±0.82 b	10.80	19.91
T3	151.09±1.69 a	20.91	26.60
T4	125.01±0.37 d	0.04	11.30
T5	133.06±0.55 c	6.48	16.66

处理 Treatments	产值 Output	肥料投入 Fertilizer input	经济效益 Economic benefit
CK1	110 880±207.6 e	0	110 880.0
CK2	124 956±889.0 d	6 039.0	118 917.0
T1	133 056±1371.8 c	4 891.5	128 164.5
T2	138 456±824.9 b	16 026.0	122 430.0
T3	151 092±1687.0 a	21 426.0	129 666.0
T4	125 010±367.6 d	15 247.5	109 762.5
T5	133 056±546.3c	20 647.5	112 408.5

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对露地大白菜产量及品质的影响

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in open field

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处理 Treatments	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/(mg·kg^-1)	游离氨基酸 Amino acid/(mg·kg^-1)	硝酸盐 Nitrate/(mg·kg^-1)
CK1	1.71±0.13 e	7.4±0.9 d	264.92±14.27 c	1 297.15±141.46 c
CK2	2.10±0.30 cd	10.0±0.5 c	288.66±16.37 b	1 810.67±145.60 a
T1	3.11±0.08 a	11.6±1.3 c	316.40±10.17 a	1 601.97±159.38 b
T2	2.49±0.08 b	18.0±1.1 a	305.85±1.70 ab	1 522.66±47.17 bc
T3	3.01±0.24 a	18.1±1.1 a	315.71±11.89 a	1 503.65±187.35 bc
T4	1.98±0.08 de	15.3±1.2 b	308.73±13.73 ab	1 446.27±156.20 bc
T5	2.35±0.14 bc	15.1±1.3 b	309.77±5.81 ab	1 421.05±19.27 bc

处理 Treatments	V_C/(mg·kg^-1)	硫苷 Glucosinolate/(μmol·g^-1)	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/(mg·g^-1)	总酚 Total phenols/(mg·g^-1)
CK1	68.47±0.62 d	9.28±0.49 d	1.34±0.05 d	4.88±0.06 b
CK2	68.83±0.52 cd	12.32±0.54 bc	1.72±0.09 c	5.49±0.13 a
T1	69.81±0.44 b	18.40±1.41 a	1.89±0.04 b	5.25±0.36 ab
T2	69.47±0.39 bc	13.33±0.36 b	1.94±0.08 b	5.45±0.52 a
T3	70.84±0.57 a	17.31±0.49 a	2.22±0.11 a	5.52±0.10 a
T4	70.72±0.37 a	11.78±0.62 c	1.57±0.09 c	5.59±0.20 a
T5	69.28±0.32 bcd	11.46±0.49 c	1.72±0.14 c	5.21±0.08 ab

处理 Treatments	Cu含量 Cu content	Fe含量 Fe content	Mn含量 Mn content	Zn含量 Zn content	Ca含量 Ca content	Mg含量 Mg content
CK1	2.84±0.19 d	103.22±7.05 e	11.18±0.76 d	30.64±1.49 d	2 224.67±92.24 f	2 471.8±56.29 d
CK2	3.13±0.07 c	109.57±7.92 e	13.26±0.70 c	34.00±1.22 c	2 756.33±118.24 bc	2 591.5±70.65 c
T1	3.32±0.17 bc	113.58±4.68 e	12.85±0.12 c	38.61±1.06 ab	3 006.00±84.45 a	2 665.8±45.90 c
T2	3.43±0.17 ab	215.70±10.05 b	16.65±1.00 b	37.06±1.13 b	2 522.33±43.59 de	2 888.2±13.70 a
T3	3.53±0.12 ab	227.65±0.98 a	18.39±0.21 a	38.29±1.55 b	2 715.00±49.43 b	2 897.0±38.57 a
T4	3.39±0.20 ab	184.60±1.51 c	15.70±0.40 b	39.03±0.17 ab	2 463.33±31.39 e	2 646.7±61.83 c
T5	3.70±0.09 a	167.08±2.50 d	15.57±0.42 b	40.95±1.77 a	2 650.67±90.47 cd	2 802.8±69.50 b

处理Treatments	CK1	CK2	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content	0	0.15	0.50	0.42	1.00	0.60	0.64
根系活力Root vitality	0.37	0	0.03	0.71	1.00	0.38	0.91
产量Yield	0	0.35	0.55	0.69	1.00	0.35	0.55
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0	0.28	1.00	0.56	0.93	0.19	0.46
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein	0	0.24	0.39	0.99	1.00	0.74	0.72
游离氨基酸Free amino acids	0	0.46	1.00	0.79	0.99	0.85	0.87
硝酸盐Nitrate	1.00	0	0.41	0.56	0.60	0.71	0.76
维生素C V_C	0	0.15	0.57	0.42	1.00	0.95	0.34
硫苷Glucosinolate	0	0.33	1.00	0.44	0.88	0.27	0.24
总黄酮Total flavonoids	0	0.43	0.63	0.68	1.00	0.27	0.43
总酚Total phenols	0	0.86	0.52	0.81	0.91	1.00	0.46
铜Cu	0	0.34	0.56	0.68	0.80	0.64	1.00
铁Fe	0	0.05	0.08	0.90	1.00	0.65	0.51
锰Mn	0	0.29	0.23	0.76	1.00	0.63	0.61
锌Zn	0	0.33	0.77	0.62	0.74	0.81	1.00
钙Ca	0	0.68	1.00	0.38	0.76	0.31	0.55
镁Mg	0	0.28	0.46	0.98	1.00	0.41	0.78
平均隶属度Average membership	0.08	0.31	0.57	0.67	0.92	0.57	0.64
位次Rank	7	6	5	2	1	4	3

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