几种无机与有机材料对镉的吸附和钝化效果比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231166

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 2774-2783.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231166

几种无机与有机材料对镉的吸附和钝化效果比较

李秋铷¹^,²(), 蔡晶晶³, 李华², 俞海平⁴, 裘高扬², 刘俊丽², 郭彬²^,^*()

1.浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州 311300
2.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江中地净土科技有限公司,浙江诸暨 311800
4.绍兴市上虞区农业技术推广中心,浙江绍兴 312399

收稿日期:2023-10-01 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-27
作者简介:李秋铷(1996—),女,广东清远人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业资源与环境方面的研究。E-mail:451733421@qq.com
通讯作者: *郭彬,E-mail:ndgb@163.com
基金资助:
农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室财政专项(10417000024CE0601G)

Comparison of adsorption and passivation effects of inorganic and organic materials on cadmium

LI Qiuru¹^,²(), CAI Jingjing³, LI Hua², YU Haiping⁴, QIU Gaoyang², LIU Junli², GUO Bin²^,^*()

1. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Zhejiang Zhongdi Pure Land Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311800, Zhejiang, China
4. Shangyu Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing 312399, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-10-01 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确无机与有机材料对水体中镉(Cd)的吸附,以及对土壤Cd的钝化效果差异,选择粉煤灰、硅藻土、椰壳炭、麦饭石、蛭石粉、凹凸棒粉、蒙脱石粉、腐殖酸、香榧壳蒲、米糠、聚丙烯酰胺、壳聚糖12种钝化材料,采用电镜观察、Cd溶液水体吸附与土壤钝化培养试验,比较各类材料的表面性状、Cd最大吸附量,以及对土壤有效态Cd含量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明: 腐殖酸、香榧壳蒲、蒙脱石粉、蛭石粉、凹凸棒粉、硅藻土等材料的表面呈颗粒或层状结构,结构较为松散。不同材料对水体中的Cd均具有较好的吸附性能,最大吸附量从高到低依次为腐殖酸(22.08 mg·g^-1)>香榧壳蒲(21.99 mg·g^-1)>蒙脱石粉(16.24 mg·g^-1)>椰壳炭(15.63 mg·g^-1)>蛭石粉(13.81 mg·g^-1)>凹凸棒粉(12.67 mg·g^-1)>粉煤灰(10.22 mg·g^-1)>聚丙烯酰胺(9.20 mg·g^-1)>米糠(8.72 mg·g^-1)>硅藻土(5.90 mg·g^-1)>壳聚糖(4.79 mg·g^-1)>麦饭石(3.65 mg·g^-1)。将这12种材料施入土壤后(施用量1%),除聚丙烯酰胺和硅藻土外,土壤有效态Cd含量显著(P<0.05)降低,降幅在10.66%~32.68%,其中,凹凸棒粉和香榧壳蒲处理的土壤有效态Cd含量降幅最大,分别为32.68%和28.95%。研究成果可为土壤重金属钝化材料的选择提供参考。

关键词: 镉, 吸附, 有效态镉, 钝化

Abstract:

In order to identify the adsorption effects of inorganic and organic materials on cadmium (Cd) in water and their passivation effects on soil Cd, twelve materials (fly ash, diatomite, coconut shell charcoal, medical stone, vermiculite powder, attapulgite powder, montmorillonite powder, humic acid, Chinese torreya shell, rice bran, polyacrylamide, chitosan) were selected as test materials, electron microscopy observation, Cd solution adsorption tests, and soil passivation culture experiments were carried out. The evaluated parameters were surface properties, maximum Cd adsorption capacity, and soil physiochemical properties. It was shown that the materials like humic acid, Chinese torreya shell, montmorillonite powder, vermiculite powder, attapulgite powder and diatomite had granular or layered structure and loose structure. All the test materials exhibited good adsorption properties for Cd in water. The maximum adsorption capacity of test materials decreased as humic acid (22.08 mg·g^-1)>Chinese torreya shell (21.99 mg·g^-1)>montmorillonite powder (16.24 mg·g^-1)>coconut shell charcoal (15.63 mg·g^-1)>vermiculite powder (13.81 mg·g^-1)>attapulgite powder (12.67 mg·g^-1)>fly ash (10.22 mg·g^-1)>polyacrylamide (9.20 mg·g^-1)>rice bran (8.72 mg·g^-1)>diatomite (5.90 mg·g^-1)>chitosan (4.79 mg·g^-1)>medical stone (3.65 mg·g^-1). Except polyacrylamide and diatomite, application of these materials into soil (application rate of 1%) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the content of available Cd in soil by 10.66%-32.68%. Among them, application of attapulgite powder and Chinese torreya shell exhibited the highest reduce rate of soil available Cd by 32.68% and 28.95%, respectively. These findings provided theoretical basis for selecting soil passivators of heavy metals.

Key words: cadmium, adsorption, soil available cadmium, passivation

中图分类号:

S156.2

李秋铷, 蔡晶晶, 李华, 俞海平, 裘高扬, 刘俊丽, 郭彬. 几种无机与有机材料对镉的吸附和钝化效果比较[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(12): 2774-2783.

LI Qiuru, CAI Jingjing, LI Hua, YU Haiping, QIU Gaoyang, LIU Junli, GUO Bin. Comparison of adsorption and passivation effects of inorganic and organic materials on cadmium[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(12): 2774-2783.

图/表 6

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材料 Material	pH	Cd含量 Cd content/ (mg·kg^-1)	来源 Source
粉煤灰Fly ash	10.19	0.35	河北宗润矿产品有限公司Hebei Zongrun Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
硅藻土Diatomite	10.12	0.26	天津市致远化学试剂有限公司Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
椰壳炭Coconut shell charcoal	9.98	0.17	平顶山市绿之原活性炭有限公司
			Pingdingshan Green Source Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.
麦饭石Medical stone	8.78	0.27	河北宗润矿产品有限公司Hebei Zongrun Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
蛭石粉Vermiculite powder	8.63	0.22	燕西矿产品加工厂Yanxi Mineral Products Processing Plant
凹凸棒粉Attapulgite powder	8.58	0.08	灵寿县德航矿产品有限公司
			Lingshou County Dehang Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
蒙脱石粉Montmorillonite powder	7.80	0.23	古丈县山麟石语矿产品有限公司
			Guzhang County Shanlin Shiyu Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
腐殖酸Humic acid	6.93	0.17	潢川县至诚农资销售部
			Huangchuan County Zhicheng Agricultural Materials Sales Department
香榧壳蒲Chinese torreya shell	6.64	0.13	诸暨香榧园Zhuji Chinese Torreya Garden
米糠Rice bran	6.54	—	嘉兴品硕商贸有限公司Jiaxing Pinshuo Trading Co., Ltd.
聚丙烯酰胺Polyacrylamide	5.93	0.11	巩义市银尚环保科技有限公司
			Gongyi Yinshang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.
壳聚糖Chitosan	4.05	—	国药集团化学试剂有限公司Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

材料 Material	pH	Cd含量 Cd content/ (mg·kg^-1)	来源 Source
粉煤灰Fly ash	10.19	0.35	河北宗润矿产品有限公司Hebei Zongrun Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
硅藻土Diatomite	10.12	0.26	天津市致远化学试剂有限公司Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
椰壳炭Coconut shell charcoal	9.98	0.17	平顶山市绿之原活性炭有限公司
			Pingdingshan Green Source Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.
麦饭石Medical stone	8.78	0.27	河北宗润矿产品有限公司Hebei Zongrun Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
蛭石粉Vermiculite powder	8.63	0.22	燕西矿产品加工厂Yanxi Mineral Products Processing Plant
凹凸棒粉Attapulgite powder	8.58	0.08	灵寿县德航矿产品有限公司
			Lingshou County Dehang Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
蒙脱石粉Montmorillonite powder	7.80	0.23	古丈县山麟石语矿产品有限公司
			Guzhang County Shanlin Shiyu Mineral Products Co., Ltd.
腐殖酸Humic acid	6.93	0.17	潢川县至诚农资销售部
			Huangchuan County Zhicheng Agricultural Materials Sales Department
香榧壳蒲Chinese torreya shell	6.64	0.13	诸暨香榧园Zhuji Chinese Torreya Garden
米糠Rice bran	6.54	—	嘉兴品硕商贸有限公司Jiaxing Pinshuo Trading Co., Ltd.
聚丙烯酰胺Polyacrylamide	5.93	0.11	巩义市银尚环保科技有限公司
			Gongyi Yinshang Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.
壳聚糖Chitosan	4.05	—	国药集团化学试剂有限公司Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

材料 Material	朗缪尔模型Langmuir model				弗罗因德利希模型Freundlich model
材料 Material	Q_m/(mg·g^-1)	b	MBC	R²	K_F/(mg·g^-1)	n	R²
腐殖酸Humic acid	22.08	0.524	11.57	0.987	2.05	6.517	0.886
香榧壳蒲Chinese torreya shell	21.99	0.034	0.75	0.868	1.70	1.341	0.966
椰壳炭Coconut shell charcoal	15.63	0.439	6.86	0.989	4.22	5.745	0.849
聚丙烯酰胺Polyacrylamide	9.20	0.007	0.06	0.938	1.57	0.182	0.951
米糠Rice bran	8.72	0.078	0.68	0.980	3.64	2.021	0.945
壳聚糖Chitiosan	4.79	0.043	0.21	0.992	3.80	1.051	0.823
蒙脱石粉Montmorillonite powder	16.24	0.128	2.08	0.971	2.81	3.277	0.953
蛭石粉Vermiculite powder	13.81	0.148	2.04	0.986	3.60	3.619	0.996
凹凸棒粉Attapulgite powder	12.67	0.096	1.22	0.984	4.11	3.452	0.972
粉煤灰Fly ash	10.22	1.515	15.48	0.999	5.47	4.542	0.826
硅藻土Diatomite	5.90	0.030	0.18	0.955	3.54	1.103	0.836
麦饭石Medical stone	3.65	-0.145	-0.53	0.976	8.92	2.223	0.551

材料 Material	朗缪尔模型Langmuir model				弗罗因德利希模型Freundlich model
材料 Material	Q_m/(mg·g^-1)	b	MBC	R²	K_F/(mg·g^-1)	n	R²
腐殖酸Humic acid	22.08	0.524	11.57	0.987	2.05	6.517	0.886
香榧壳蒲Chinese torreya shell	21.99	0.034	0.75	0.868	1.70	1.341	0.966
椰壳炭Coconut shell charcoal	15.63	0.439	6.86	0.989	4.22	5.745	0.849
聚丙烯酰胺Polyacrylamide	9.20	0.007	0.06	0.938	1.57	0.182	0.951
米糠Rice bran	8.72	0.078	0.68	0.980	3.64	2.021	0.945
壳聚糖Chitiosan	4.79	0.043	0.21	0.992	3.80	1.051	0.823
蒙脱石粉Montmorillonite powder	16.24	0.128	2.08	0.971	2.81	3.277	0.953
蛭石粉Vermiculite powder	13.81	0.148	2.04	0.986	3.60	3.619	0.996
凹凸棒粉Attapulgite powder	12.67	0.096	1.22	0.984	4.11	3.452	0.972
粉煤灰Fly ash	10.22	1.515	15.48	0.999	5.47	4.542	0.826
硅藻土Diatomite	5.90	0.030	0.18	0.955	3.54	1.103	0.836
麦饭石Medical stone	3.65	-0.145	-0.53	0.976	8.92	2.223	0.551

处理 Treatment	pH	SOM/ (g·kg^-1)	AP/ (mg·kg^-1)	AK/ (mg·kg^-1)	AN/ (mg·kg^-1)	TN/ (g·kg^-1)
CK	5.30±0.03 g	25.48±0.24 cd	27.80±7.91 bc	71.79±1.03 d	164.50±1.21 d	1.50±0.07 abc
T1	5.40±0.08 fg	25.31±0.04 cd	20.00±6.55 c	75.25±0.40 d	229.60±11.27 a	1.55±0.02 a
T2	5.37±0.15 g	24.97±0.56 cde	30.93±9.01 bc	73.79±0.32 d	162.17±22.25 d	1.48±0.03 bc
T3	5.89±0.12 bc	24.65±0.91 de	35.80±4.37 b	75.41±0.68 d	203.23±11.55 b	1.43±0.05 c
T4	5.04±0.01 h	30.30±0.82 a	30.50±0.46 bc	70.78±0.95 d	162.87±7.87 d	1.46±0.05 bc
T5	6.04±0.14 b	24.94±0.44 cde	33.93±9.73 bc	73.29±0.52 d	162.40±1.85 d	1.50±0.05 abc
T6	5.47±0.04 fg	24.87±0.43 cde	21.27±2.41 c	114.80±3.97 b	161.23±2.02 d	1.44±0.01 c
T7	5.71±0.05 de	24.96±0.40 cde	30.77±4.32 bc	77.03±0.96 d	160.77±4.10 d	1.45±0.04 c
T8	5.68±0.06 de	25.44±0.51 cd	38.87±2.24 b	97.20±1.16 c	191.57±4.66 bc	1.47±0.01 bc
T9	5.93±0.05 b	25.80±0.22 c	35.77±0.15 b	72.81±1.78 d	166.60±19.85 d	1.45±0.02 c
T10	5.56±0.11 ef	27.77±0.63 b	37.13±4.23 b	71.83±1.25 d	172.67±7.01 d	1.47±0.03 bc
T11	5.75±0.04 cd	27.24±0.30 b	52.57±14.50 a	339.23±27.38 a	165.90±7.41 d	1.53±0.01 ab
T12	6.86±0.19 a	24.27±0.14 e	27.20±11.18 bc	74.49±1.73 d	179.67±7.08 cd	1.46±0.02 bc

几种无机与有机材料对镉的吸附和钝化效果比较

Comparison of adsorption and passivation effects of inorganic and organic materials on cadmium

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